ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This article introduces concepts and a general taxonomy used by the educational data mining (EDM) community, as well as examples of their applications, with the aims of providing audiology educators with a referential basis for developing this area. METHOD: A narrative review was carried out to present an overview of EDM and its main methods. Some of these methods were exemplified with analysis of real data from an Internet-based specialization course on pediatric auditory rehabilitation. RESULTS: The review introduced EDM main concepts and applications and described methods from its area. Real data examples illustrated EDM use to predict interpersonal help-seeking, model interpersonal interaction, analyze students' trajectories within a course's module, and understand how students approached group assignments. Some of the insights provided by EDM to support teaching and learning processes were also described. CONCLUSIONS: EDM methods offer new tools to discover knowledge from digital traces (i.e., logs) and support key stakeholders (students, instructors, or course administrators) to raise awareness about course dynamics. This approach has the potential to foster a better understanding and management of educational processes in audiology distance education.
Subject(s)
Audiology/education , Data Mining/methods , Education, Distance/methods , Internet , Humans , Students, Health OccupationsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to present the academic requirements for the education of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and to discuss some of the challenges in providing quality supervised practice and the solutions proposed by some programs in Brazil. METHODS: Brazilian proposals regarding the training of SLPs are reviewed, with guidelines provided by the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP) and the Comité Permanent de Liaison des Orthophonistes-Logopèdes de l'UE (CPLOL), and descriptions of the specific experience of the oldest Brazilian program are provided. RESULTS: The bachelor's degree is the minimum level required for the independent practice of speech-language pathology and audiology in Brazil, where there are 75 undergraduate programs. In several programs, students are encouraged to enjoy the diversity at their university, enrolling in courses of different areas to broaden their experience. The basic areas of the undergraduate program are mandatory as per recommendation of the Ministry of Education and include competences related to the health system, decision making, communication, leadership and continued education. Since practice training is part of the undergraduate programs, it is incorporated into the pedagogical concept and has a major role in it. CONCLUSION: The structure of the programs allows the dissociation of theory from practice to be attenuated; both educational strategies are used together as part of the pedagogical concept.
Subject(s)
Audiology/education , Clinical Competence , Competency-Based Education , Speech-Language Pathology/education , Benchmarking , Brazil , Competency-Based Education/legislation & jurisprudence , Competency-Based Education/standards , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Models, Educational , Problem-Based Learning , Speech-Language Pathology/ethics , Speech-Language Pathology/legislation & jurisprudence , Speech-Language Pathology/standardsABSTRACT
El insuficiente desempeño profesional de los tecnólogos de la salud en el perfil de Logofonoaudiología determina la necesidad de adecuar el diseño curricular en un nuevo contexto socio-histórico. Se defiende la idea de la necesidad de estructurar el sistema de objetivo, para incrementar el desempeño profesional de los estudiantes del ciclo básico, a partir de su adecuación, estructuración y sistematización en el programa de Audiología I. Se concibió el nuevo sistema, con un enfoque dinámico y actualizado, que responde a las actuales tendencias del trabajo curricular, sustentado en el enfoque crítico de currículo y en la concepción psicológica, fundamentada en el paradigma histórico-cultural, que muestre los intereses de la sociedad. El aporte de esta investigación fue haber formulado un sistema de objetivos, lógicamente estructurado, que ayuda a la adquisición y sistematización de las habilidades profesionales, lo que contribuirá a incrementar la eficiencia del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de Audiología(AU)
The insufficient professional performance of health technologists of the Logo-phonoaudiology profile determines the need of adapting the curricular design in a new socio-historical context. The idea defended in the study sets the need of structuring the system of objectives to increase the professional performance of students in the basic cycle, adapting, structuring and systematizing it in the Audiology I syllabus. The new system designed presents a dynamic and updated approach that meets the needs of the current curricular work tendencies and is based on the critical curriculum approach and the psychological conception, constructed in the historical - cultural paradigm and shows the interests of society. The contribution of this investigation was the formulation of a logically structured system of objectives that might help in the acquisition and systematization of professional skills and help increase the efficiency of the Audiology teaching- learning process(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Technology , Audiology/educationABSTRACT
Diversity is one of the major characteristics of Brazil and all South America. This paper presents an overview of the current situation of the education of speech and language pathologists (SLP) and audiologists in Brazil and in several other countries of South America. This paper also discusses the main challenges shared by these countries. The discussion is focused on the mutual interferences between education and the areas of professional practice, cultural diversity and continued education. There are many emerging issues about the education of SLP and audiologists in South America. The suggested conclusion is that, despite the many differences, the South American SLP and audiologists' education would benefit from joint efforts and collaborative experiences.
Subject(s)
Audiology/education , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Speech-Language Pathology/education , Brazil , Cooperative Behavior , Cultural Diversity , Curriculum/trends , Education, Continuing/trends , Education, Graduate/trends , Forecasting , Health Policy/trends , Health Services Needs and Demand/trends , Humans , Professional Practice/trends , South America , WorkforceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: keeping data about Ph.D.s of speech pathologists and audiologists updated allows the retrieval of what has been developed in these fields of knowledge, besides giving a dimension of the development of the Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences in our country. AIM: to analyze the educational background of Brazilian speech pathologists and audiologists with Ph.D. within the period of 1976-2008. METHOD: doctorate dissertations presented by Brazilian speech pathologists and audiologists during the period of 1976 (first presentation) to the end of 2008 were selected through information provided by postgraduation offices and also by consulting data published on Plataforma Lattes (online curriculum vitae for professors and scientists). For each finding the following variables were registered: author's gender, year of presentation, educational institution and post-graduate program where the dissertation was developed (according to the areas of knowledge determined by National Council of Scientific and Technological Development) and chosen theme (Language, Hearing and Balance, Motricity and orofacial functions, Voice e Public Health). The statistical analysis involved the description of the selected parameters, a regression analysis to verify increase of Ph.D. presentations, area of development and chosen theme, and application of the chi-square test to verify possible associations. RESULTS: a total of 504 dissertations were analyzed. The results were: 97.0% of the dissertations were presented by women; State Institutions were chosen by almost half (47.62%) of the speech pathologists and audiologists to obtain their Ph.D.; the Sciences of Life programs were the most prevalent (57.54%); concerning the chosen theme, most of the dissertations were developed in the field of Language (34.52%) and Hearing and Balance (32.34%). The regression analysis indicated an increase of all of the studied variables with significance mostly related to the year of presentation, choice of the area of Applied Human and Social Sciences and Sciences of Life and themes of Language and Motricity and Orofacial functions (p < 0,001). There was also an increase related to the option for Public Institutions, mostly State Institutions(p < 0,001). CONCLUSION: there was a significant increase of speech pathologists and audiologists with Ph. D., which enables major insertion of these professionals in research activities and qualified scientific production.
Subject(s)
Academic Dissertations as Topic , Audiology/education , Bibliometrics , Education, Medical, Graduate/statistics & numerical data , Speech-Language Pathology/education , Adult , Audiology/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Curriculum , Education, Medical, Graduate/standards , Female , Humans , Male , Program Evaluation , Research/statistics & numerical data , Sex Factors , Speech-Language Pathology/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: keeping data about Ph.D.s of speech pathologists and audiologists updated allows the retrieval of what has been developed in these fields of knowledge, besides giving a dimension of the development of the Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences in our country. AIM: to analyze the educational background of Brazilian speech pathologists and audiologists with Ph.D. within the period of 1976-2008. METHOD: doctorate dissertations presented by Brazilian speech pathologists and audiologists during the period of 1976 (first presentation) to the end of 2008 were selected through information provided by postgraduation offices and also by consulting data published on Plataforma Lattes (online curriculum vitae for professors and scientists). For each finding the following variables were registered: author's gender, year of presentation, educational institution and post-graduate program where the dissertation was developed (according to the areas of knowledge determined by National Council of Scientific and Technological Development) and chosen theme (Language, Hearing and Balance, Motricity and orofacial functions, Voice e Public Health). The statistical analysis involved the description of the selected parameters, a regression analysis to verify increase of Ph.D. presentations, area of development and chosen theme, and application of the chi-square test to verify possible associations. RESULTS: a total of 504 dissertations were analyzed. The results were: 97.0 percent of the dissertations were presented by women; State Institutions were chosen by almost half (47.62 percent) of the speech pathologists and audiologists to obtain their Ph.D.; the Sciences of Life programs were the most prevalent (57.54 percent); concerning the chosen theme, most of the dissertations were developed in the field of Language (34.52 percent) and Hearing and Balance (32.34 percent). The regression analysis indicated an increase of all of the studied variables ...
TEMA: manter atualizado o levantamento de doutores fonoaudiólogos brasileiros permite recuperar a memória do que foi desenvolvido na área, além de explicitar um indicador importante do amadurecimento da Fonoaudiologia no país. OBJETIVO: analisar a formação dos doutores fonoaudiólogos brasileiros, no período correspondente a 1976 - 2008. MÉTODO: as teses defendidas por fonoaudiólogos brasileiros, no período compreendido entre 1976 (primeira defesa) até final de 2008, foram selecionadas, por meio de contato com as secretarias de programas de pós-graduação e consulta à Plataforma Lattes. Para cada achado foram registradas as variáveis: sexo do autor; ano de defesa; instituição de ensino e programa de pós-graduação em que a tese foi desenvolvida, além da temática escolhida. A análise estatística compreendeu descrição dos parâmetros, análise de regressão para evidenciar o crescimento referente ao ano de defesa, área e temática escolhida e teste de qui-quadrado para verificar associação. RESULTADOS: as 504 teses localizadas, 97,0 por cento foram defendidas por mulheres; em maior número foram escolhidas as instituições estaduais (47,62 por cento) e os programas inseridos na área de Ciências da Vida (57,54 por cento); quanto à temática desenvolvida na tese, maior número correspondeu à Linguagem (34,52 por cento) e Audição e equilíbrio (32,34 por cento). A análise de regressão evidenciou o crescimento do número de teses segundo o ano, sendo que tal tendência foi também evidenciada na escolha do Programa e para as áreas de Linguagem e Motricidade e Funções Orofaciais (p < 0,001). O incremento se dá principalmente devido ao aumento das teses defendidas em instituições públicas, mais particularmente, as estaduais (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: houve um crescimento significativo dos fonoaudiólogos doutores, fato que possibilita maior inserção do fonoaudiólogo em atividades de pesquisa e produção científica qualificada.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Audiology/education , Bibliometrics , Academic Dissertations as Topic , Education, Medical, Graduate/statistics & numerical data , Speech-Language Pathology/education , Audiology/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Curriculum , Education, Medical, Graduate/standards , Program Evaluation , Research/statistics & numerical data , Sex Factors , Speech-Language Pathology/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The CD-ROM "Voice Assessment: Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology & Medicine" was developed as a teaching tool for people interested in the production of the spoken or sung human voice. Its content comprises several subjects concerning the anatomy and physiology of spoken and sung voice. A careful assessment becomes necessary in order to ensure the effectiveness of teaching and learning educational materials, whether related to education or health, within the proposal of education mediated by technology. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the Virtual Man Project's CD-ROM "Voice Assessment: Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology & Medicine", as a self-learning material, in two different populations: Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology students and Lyrical Singing students. The participants were instructed to study the CD-ROM during 1 month and answer two questionnaires: one before and another one after studying the CD-ROM. The quantitative results were compared statistically by the Student's t-test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Seventeen out of the 28 students who completed the study, were Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology students, while 11 were Lyrical Singing students (dropout rate of 44%). Comparison of the answers to the questionnaires before and after studying the CD-ROM showed a statistically significant increase of the scores for the questionnaire applied after studying the CD-ROM for both Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology and Lyrical Singing students, with p<0.001 and p<0.004, respectively. There was also a statistically significant difference in all topics of this questionnaire for both groups of students. CONCLUSION: The results concerning the evaluation of the Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology and Lyrical Singing students' knowledge before and after learning from the CD-ROM allowed concluding that the participants made significant improvement in their knowledge of the proposed contents after studying the CD-ROM. Based on this, it is assumed that this didactic material is an effective instrument for self-learning of this population.
Subject(s)
Audiology/education , CD-ROM , Education, Distance/methods , Speech-Language Pathology/education , Adolescent , Adult , Computer-Assisted Instruction , Female , Humans , Male , Program Evaluation , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The CD-ROM "Voice Assessment: Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology & Medicine" was developed as a teaching tool for people interested in the production of the spoken or sung human voice. Its content comprises several subjects concerning the anatomy and physiology of spoken and sung voice. A careful assessment becomes necessary in order to ensure the effectiveness of teaching and learning educational materials, whether related to education or health, within the proposal of education mediated by technology. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the Virtual Man Project's CD-ROM "Voice Assessment: Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology & Medicine", as a self-learning material, in two different populations: Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology students and Lyrical Singing students. The participants were instructed to study the CD-ROM during 1 month and answer two questionnaires: one before and another one after studying the CD-ROM. The quantitative results were compared statistically by the Student's t-test at a significance level of 5 percent. RESULTS: Seventeen out of the 28 students who completed the study, were Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology students, while 11 were Lyrical Singing students (dropout rate of 44 percent). Comparison of the answers to the questionnaires before and after studying the CD-ROM showed a statistically significant increase of the scores for the questionnaire applied after studying the CD-ROM for both Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology and Lyrical Singing students, with p<0.001 and p<0.004, respectively. There was also a statistically significant difference in all topics of this questionnaire for both groups of students. CONCLUSION: The results concerning the evaluation of the Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology and Lyrical Singing students' knowledge before and after learning from the CD-ROM allowed concluding that the participants made significant improvement in their knowledge of the proposed contents after studying the CD-ROM. Based on this, it is assumed that this didactic material is an effective instrument for self-learning of this population.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Audiology/education , CD-ROM , Education, Distance/methods , Speech-Language Pathology/education , Computer-Assisted Instruction , Program Evaluation , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer como ocorre o processo de inclusão de crianças com necessidades especiais no Ensino Fundamental, como acontece a comunicação entre escolas de educação especial e regular, bem como a atuação dos inúmeros profissionais envolvidos, enfocando o papel do fonoaudiólogo. Como metodologia, realizou-se um delineamento descritivo e analítico, por meio de inquérito, aplicados em seis Escolas de Educação Especial e seis Escolas de Ensino Regular da Rede Pública Municipal de Belo Horizonte. Participaram do estudo 6 coordenadores e 42 professores de escola regular, nove coordenadores e 61 professores de escola especial, totalizando 118 sujeitos pesquisados. Os questionários abordaram aspectos relacionados à gestão da escola, à formação docente, ao perfil dos alunos, profissionais atuantes no processo educacional, além de formas de contato entre instituições de serviço de Saúde e Educação. Na análise dos resultados, dentre outras questões, foi observada grande demanda para serviço fonoaudiológico, ainda pouco presente na área educacional. A comunicação entre os dois tipos de escola não acontece em todas as instituições pesquisadas. Ambas possuem conhecimento restrito da fonoaudiologia, principalmente as escolas regulares. Percebeu-se a falta de investimento para aperfeiçoamento pessoal dos professores, bem como para orientação aos pais acerca do processo de inclusão. Concluímos que o campo da fonoaudiologia no processo de inclusão mostra-se extenso e aberto. Sua atuação na promoção da saúde em âmbito escolar depende diretamente da interdisciplinaridade entre serviços da área da Educação e da Saúde, além da parceria entre fonoaudiólogos, educadores e pais.
This research aimed to investigate the inclusion process of children with special needs in Primary Schools, interaction among regular schools and special education centers, as well as the role of the many professionals involved, focusing specifically on the speech therapist. The method used was a descriptive analytical survey; a questionnaire was applied in six Special Education Schools and six Regular Schools of the public school system of the city of Belo Horizonte. Six coordinators and 42 teachers from the regular schools and nine coordinators and 61 teachers from the special education schools took part in the study, which involved a total of 118 individuals. The questionnaire covered aspects related to school administration, teacher education, student profile, professionals involved in the educational process, and forms of contact between Health and Education institutions that provide services. Among other issues, the analysis of the results showed a great demand for speech therapy services, which as yet are generally unavailable in the field of education. Interaction between the two types of schools does not occur in all the institutions that were researched. Both types have limited knowledge of Speech Therapy, especially in regular schools. The research revealed a lack of investment in teacher development and in parents' orientation regarding the process of inclusion. We concluded that the field of Speech Therapy is yet to be explored in the process of inclusion. Its contribution for health in the school environment depends directly on the interdisciplinary action of the services provided by the fields of Education and Health, and on cooperation among speech therapists, educators and parents.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Audiology/education , Disabled Children/education , Education, Special , Speech Therapy/education , Interpersonal Relations , Professional Training , Education, Primary and Secondary , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Studies as TopicABSTRACT
The profession of audiology took root in Brazil nearly a half a century ago and has since blossomed into a flourishing, well-developed field. Currently, audiologists in Brazil work at private institutions, including private medical practices and dedicated speech and hearing clinics. They are also employed in a wide array of public institutions, including community clinics, elementary schools, colleges, and universities. In both the private sector and health clinics, audiologists perform diagnostic evaluations of auditory and vestibular disorders, select and fit hearing aids, and provide aural rehabilitation. At the public level, they assist with workers' health programs, dispense hearing aids, and aural rehabilitation. There is always room to grow, however, and the future of audiology in Brazil holds both challenges and opportunity. The following article will sketch the development of audiology training and practice in Brazil, provide a picture of how the field stands today, and summarize the unique challenges which the profession faces in this large and diverse nation.
Subject(s)
Audiology , Audiology/education , Audiology/organization & administration , Audiology/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Correction of Hearing Impairment/methods , Correction of Hearing Impairment/organization & administration , Forecasting , Hearing Disorders/diagnosis , Hearing Disorders/epidemiology , Hearing Disorders/therapy , Humans , Schools/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
The field of speech-language pathology (SLP) in Brazil, named 'fonoaudiologia', comprises both a therapeutic approach to communication disorders and audiology and was officially recognized on December 9, 1981 (law No. 6965). University programs exist since the 1960s. The undergraduate level is a 4-year honors Bachelor of Science program and requires at least a 3,700 h of coursework. Since 1996 four areas of specialization were established: language, audiology, voice and oral myology, requiring a minimum of 500 h of course. Graduate programs in the narrower sense,master's degree and doctorate, exist since the 1970s. Brazil is a 180-million inhabitant country with approximately 25,000 speech-language pathologists, of which 2,700 are specialists, 800 masters and 210 doctors. There are almost 100 undergraduate programs and 70 specialization courses; however, for master's degree and doctorate purposes there are only 8.
Subject(s)
Audiology/education , Speech-Language Pathology/education , Brazil , Curriculum , Education, Graduate , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Licensure , Speech-Language Pathology/historyABSTRACT
Aprender a interactuar en la dinámica de un equipo de rehabilitación es una necesidad en la formación de profesionales competentes en la especialidad de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología a partir de los fundamentos del Nuevo Modelo Pedagógico en la Tecnología de la Salud. Estas ideas condicionan y fundamentan, la necesidad de un cambio en las formas de enseñar y aprender, por lo tanto, nuestro trabajo se encaminó a facilitar un sistema de ayuda estratégica que guíe la actuación de los estudiantes en el aprendizaje utilizando como recurso didáctico el trabajo en equipo. Para ello se construyó, paso a paso, un andamiaje de ayudas basado en cuatro principios rectores: descubrir, informar, confrontar y reconstruir. El sistema fue estructurado en etapas a partir de un conjunto de pautas para la acción práctica e independiente. Los resultados se centran en el aprendizaje logrado para intercambiar ideas, para encauzar los aportes hacia un propósito común a partir de la investigación individual y colectiva, sobre la base de los conocimientos propios y ajenos, y por sobre todas las cosas, el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas basadas en la ética médica con una única filosofía: mejorar la calidad de vida (AU)
Subject(s)
Learning , Rehabilitation/education , Audiology/educationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ph.D. programs in Speech-Language and Hearing Science. AIM: to bring to date the concluded doctorate thesis of Brazilian speech-language and hearing pathologists, until December of 2003. CONCLUSION: from the profile analysis of the concluded doctorate thesis of Brazilian speech-language pathologists, it is possible to conclude that in the period between 1976, when the first thesis was concluded, to December of 2003, a total of 203 thesis elaborated by Ph.D. speech-language and hearing pathologists were found (in its majority women), in the areas of Hearing, Language, Voice and Oralfacial Myofunctional system.
Subject(s)
Audiology/education , Education, Medical, Graduate/statistics & numerical data , Research/statistics & numerical data , Speech-Language Pathology/education , Brazil , Humans , Language , VoiceABSTRACT
Tema: formação de doutores em Fonoaudiologia. Objetivo: atualizar as teses de doutorado defendidas por fonoaudiólogos brasileiros, até dezembro de 2003. Conclusão: a partir deste levantamento do perfil das teses de doutorado defendidas por fonoaudiólogos brasileiros podemos concluir que de 1976, quando foi defendida a primeira tese, até dezembro de 2003, somam-se 203 teses elaboradas por fonoaudiólogos doutores (na sua maioria mulheres), nas áreas de Audiologia, Linguagem, Voz e Motricidade Oral.
Subject(s)
Humans , Audiology/education , Education, Medical, Graduate/statistics & numerical data , Research/statistics & numerical data , Speech-Language Pathology/education , Brazil , Language , VoiceABSTRACT
A discussäo da formaçäo de recursos humanos para o enfrentamento dos atuais problemas sociais tem destacado o papel das Universidades na construçäo das concepçöes que orientam as práticas em vários segmentos, entre eles, a Saúde. Considerando que os profissionais, ao chegarem no mercado de trabalho, tendem a repetir o modelo vivenciado na graduaçäo e a influenciar as práticas vigentes, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o processo ensino/aprendizagem e suas implicaçöes na formaçäo profissional em uma das profissöes da Saúde, a Fonoaudiologia, em uma das áreas, a audiologia clínica. Discutiu-se a formaçäo profissional em uma única unidade de análise, caracterizando um Estudo de Caso Específico. A abordagem metodológica foi qualitativa, sendo utilizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com professores fonoaudiólogos e com alunos do estágio supervisionado em audiologia clínica que tinham a intençäo de atuar na área ao concluir a graduaçäo. A análise, a partir de três categorias - o processo de formaçäo dos alunos; o estágio supervisionado na formaçäo dos alunos; o atendimento prestado ao paciente no estágio - mostrou que há avanços na redefiniçäo do projeto pedagógico do Curso com a implantaçäo de novo currículo e o empenho dos professores, mas a formaçäo profissional do fonoaudiólogo para atuar em audiologia clínica ainda dista das tendências nacional e mundial de novas concepçöes de Ensino em Saúde. Concluiu-se que há necessidade de incorporar à discussäo da formaçäo profissional em audiologia clínica, as evoluçöes e tendências das concepçöes da Saúde e da formulaçäo e desenvolvimento de Políticas e Sistemas e Serviços de Atençäo à Saúde no Brasil