ABSTRACT
Since the early 1900s, Bartonella species were known only to cause human disease resulting from very restricted geographic (bartonellosis) or environmental influences ("trench fever"). In the 1990s, and in parallel, cat scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis were definitively linked to Bartonella species. Subsequently, widespread use of modern diagnostic methods revealed the broad ecologic niche of this organism and greatly expanded our knowledge of the epidemiology and clinical presentations associated with this genus. A large number of reservoirs and vectors involved with Bartonella propagation and transmission to humans have been identified; cats and various arthropods remain the most well-studied to date. Though not completely understood, it appears that specific immune-modulated interactions between the infecting species and host-related factors play a major role in the observed breadth of human clinical syndromes associated with Bartonellae, the large differences in immunopathologic features of tissue samples among different syndromes and potentially the varied responses to antimicrobial therapy. Further, the clinical management for cat scratch disease in particular is quite variable among clinicians, reflecting a poor evidence base. No preventive measures have been developed beyond suggestions to avoid at-risk behavior with known vectors.
Subject(s)
Bartonella Infections/epidemiology , Bartonella Infections/pathology , Bartonella/pathogenicity , Angiomatosis, Bacillary/pathology , Animals , Bartonella Infections/history , Cat-Scratch Disease/pathology , Disease Management , Disease Reservoirs , Disease Vectors , History, 20th Century , Humans , Trench Fever/pathologyABSTRACT
Daniel Alcides Carrión (1857-1885) was a Peruvian medical student who established the relationship between the clinical entities called Oroya fever and Peruvian wart, until then independent diseases. By autoinoculation of Peruvian wart extracts from a patient, he contracted the Oroya fever. This fact showed that both clinical entities occurred due to the same cause. Subsequent investigation showed that the agent involved was the bacteria Bartonella bacilliformis. On the other hand, a street called Carrion is located in front of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile. It is a legend or medical tradition in this Faculty that this street is named in honor of this Peruvian martyred student. This work shows that this medical story has no historical basis and analyzes its true origin.
Subject(s)
Bartonella Infections/history , History, 19th Century , Humans , PeruABSTRACT
Resumen Daniel Alcides Carrión (1857-1885) fue un estudiante de Medicina peruano que estableció la relación causal entre los cuadros clínicos denominados fiebre de Oroya y la verruga peruana, hasta ese entonces entidades independientes. Mediante la autoinoculación de extractos de verrugas peruanas de un paciente, él mismo contrajo la fiebre de Oroya. Este hecho demostró que ambos cuadros clínicos se debían a la misma causa. La investigación posterior mostró que el agente involucrado era la bacteria Bartonella bacilliformis. Por otra parte, frente a la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile se ubica la calle denominada Carrión. Es una tradición médica en dicha Facultad que esta calle se denomina así en honor a este estudiante peruano mártir. Esta investigación muestra que esta tradición médica no tiene fundamento histórico y analiza su verdadero origen.
Daniel Alcides Carrión (1857-1885) was a Peruvian medical student who established the relationship between the clinical entities called Oroya fever and Peruvian wart, until then independent diseases. By autoinoculation of Peruvian wart extracts from a patient, he contracted the Oroya fever. This fact showed that both clinical entities occurred due to the same cause. Subsequent investigation showed that the agent involved was the bacteria Bartonella bacilliformis. On the other hand, a street called Carrion is located in front of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile. It is a legend or medical tradition in this Faculty that this street is named in honor of this Peruvian martyred student. This work shows that this medical story has no historical basis and analyzes its true origin.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , Bartonella Infections/history , PeruABSTRACT
Este estudo tem por objetivo historiar, segundo o modo e o estilo da epistemologia francesa contemporânea, a primeira fase da descoberta do agente da doença de Carrión, ou seja, os estudos etiológicos sobre a presença endoglobular do agente, realizados no período de 1903 a 1913. Procurou-se mostrar como a emulação dos médicos do Instituto de Higiene de Lima e o trabalho de Alberto Barton criou o contexto histórico para que este acertasse o alvo na incriminação etiológica, em 1909. Faz-se a história da participação internacional dos centros médicos de estudos microbiológicos e patológicos que confirmaram a descoberta do agente. Procurou-se, com isso, evidenciar na dialética concreta de um pensamento médico em curso, um tipo de desenvolvimento progressivo da racionalidade.(AU)
Subject(s)
Bartonella Infections/historyABSTRACT
The origins of human infectious diseases have long fascinated scientists worldwide. Paleomicrobiology offers a unique access to the history of these infections and sheds light on ancient and historical epidemics. In this chapter, we review the paleomicrobiological evidence for Bartonella infections.
Subject(s)
Bacteriological Techniques/methods , Bartonella Infections/epidemiology , Bartonella Infections/history , Bartonella/isolation & purification , Fossils/microbiology , Paleopathology/methods , Animals , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , HumansSubject(s)
Philately , Students, Medical/history , Bartonella Infections/history , History, 19th Century , PeruABSTRACT
When there were giants on the earth, two of them, Rudolf Kraus and Giovanni Noe, met at the ancient Bacteriological Institute of Chile, and founded together a journal representing the principles of the institution. A nostalgic glance over the papers published therein for these so named giants lets us know a little about the study of infectious diseases in the thirties, when tuberculosis and malaria were two of the biggest problems for the world's public health... then and now.
Subject(s)
Periodicals as Topic/history , Societies, Medical/history , Australia , Bartonella Infections/history , Chile , History, 20th Century , Italy , Malaria/history , Tuberculosis/historyABSTRACT
When there were giants on the earth, two of them, Rudolf Kraus and Giovanni Noe, met at the ancient Bacteriological Institute of Chile, and founded together a journal representing the principles of the institution. A nostalgic glance over the papers published therein for these so named giants lets us know a little about the study of infectious diseases in the thirties, when tuberculosis and malaria were two of the biggest problems for the world’s public health... then and now.
Cuando había gigantes sobre la Tierra, dos de ellos, Rodolfo Kraus y Juan Noé, austriaco el uno e italiano el otro, coincidieron por un tiempo en el antiguo Instituto Bacteriológico de Chile. Tuvieron entonces la idea de crear una revista que representara los fines de la institución y el progreso de la microbiología. Una mirada nostálgica sobre los artículos publicados en dicha revista, nos permite saber un poco sobre el estudio de las enfermedades infecciosas en los años treinta, cuando la tuberculosis y la malaria eran dos de los mayores problemas para salud pública en el mundo... entonces y ahora.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Periodicals as Topic/history , Societies, Medical/history , Australia , Bartonella Infections/history , Chile , Italy , Malaria/history , Tuberculosis/historyABSTRACT
Daniel Carrion, a sixth-year medical student, died while investigating the effects of self-inoculation of the causative organism of Oroya Fever and Bartonellosis and thereby contributed to understanding of the disease before the organisms had been identified.
Subject(s)
Autoexperimentation/history , Bartonella Infections/history , Bartonella bacilliformis/isolation & purification , Bartonella Infections/microbiology , History, 19th Century , Humans , Male , Peru , Students, Medical/historyABSTRACT
This is a review of bibliographic aspects associated to the knowledge about human bartonelosis before and after the death of Daniel Alcides Carrion. Emphasis is placed on stimulus in the development of medical research in Peru by the self-inoculation and subsequent death of Carrion especially in relation to human bartonellosis, conducted by Peruvian researchers and others around the world. The review includes the basic area of knowledge about the bacteria that causes the illness, the host response to infection as well as the biphasic behavior of the disease. The revised bibliography includes contributions to the knowledge of the disease in the last 100 years, now known with the eponym "Carrion's disease".
Subject(s)
Bartonella Infections/history , Autoexperimentation/history , History, 19th Century , Humans , PeruABSTRACT
La presente es una revisión de los aspectos bibliográficos relacionados con el conocimiento de la bartonelosis humana antes y después de la muerte de Daniel Alcides Carrión. Se enfatiza el estímulo que significó el sacrificio de Carrión en el desarrollo de la investigación médica en el Perú, en especial en lo referente a la bartonelosis humana, realizada por investigadores peruanos y de otras partes del mundo. La revisión incluye al área básica del conocimiento sobre la bacteria causante del proceso mórbido, la respuesta del huésped a la infección así como en el comportamiento bifásico de la enfermedad. La bibliografía revisada incluye aportes al conocimiento de la enfermedad, conocida hoy con el epónimo de Enfermedad de Carrión, a lo largo de más de un siglo de historia.
This is a review of bibliographic aspects associated to the knowledge about human bartonelosis before and after the death of Daniel Alcides Carrion. Emphasis is placed on stimulus in the development of medical research in Peru by the self-inoculation and subsequent death of Carrion especially in relation to human bartonellosis, conducted by Peruvian researchers and others around the world. The review includes the basic area of knowledge about the bacteria that causes the illness, the host response to infection as well as the biphasic behavior of the disease. The revised bibliography includes contributions to the knowledge of the disease in the last 100 years, now known with the eponym Carrions disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , Bartonella Infections/history , Autoexperimentation/history , PeruABSTRACT
In 1885, Daniel Carrion (1857-1885), a young Peruvian medical student, was trying to establish the prodromal symptoms of 'verruga disease', an infectious disease rare outside South America but endemic in parts of Peru. As part of this investigation he was inoculated with fluid from a verruga lesion from a patient with the chronic form of the disease. He recorded the clinical features which developed, including fever, malaise, arthralgia, vomiting and anaemia, and it became apparent that he had developed the anaemic, febrile, acute phase of the illness (known as Oroya fever). This did not however progress in his case to the chronic form of the disease, and he died a few weeks later on 5 October 1885. His sacrifice served to establish, supposedly, that Oroya fever and verruga disease had a common aetiology and his death stimulated further research into the cause, now established as the bacterium Bartonella bacilliformis. Carrion is considered a martyr of Peruvian medicine and 5 October has been designated Peruvian Medicine Day in his honour.
