Nonclassical SNAPFL analogue as a Cy5 resonance energy transfer partner.

We have synthesized a new SNAPFL analogue (1) that exhibits a large Stokes shift (78 nm) (abs. 542 nm, em. 620 nm) and a good quantum yield. Because of the large overlap between the emission spectrum of 1 and the absorption spectrum of Cy5, 1 functions well as a fluorescence donor to Cy5 and has been used in FRET-based experiments using estrogen receptor site-specifically labeled with Cy5 and a receptor ligand conjugated to SNAPFL.

Fragrance material review on cinnamyl benzoate.

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of cinnamyl benzoate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.

Electric-field-induced reorientation of liquid crystalline p-cyanophenyl-p-n-alkylbenzoates: a time-resolved study by fourier transform infrared transmission and attenuated total reflection spectroscopy.

Time-resolved polarization Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) transmission and attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy were applied to investigate the reorientation phenomena of the three members of the homologous series of nematic liquid crystalline p-cyanophenyl-p-n-alkylbenzoates 6CPB, 7CPB, and 10CPB under the external perturbation of an electric field. In conjunction with a newly constructed measurement cell, this method allowed us to differentiate the response of the LC system in the surface layer and in the bulk of the cell at different temperatures and voltages. The relaxation time of the LC molecules close to the wall of the cell was found to be shorter than in the bulk. However, at a field strength of 7 V, the initial orientation in the bulk preceeds the analogous process in the surface region.

Separation of antifungal chiral drugs by SFC and HPLC: a comparative study.

The enantiomeric separation of several compounds, including an antifungal drug and several of its precursors, using HPLC and SFC is described in this work. The columns employed were based on polysaccharide derivatives and the results show that most of the separations obtained by SFC are better, in terms of high resolution and short analysis time, than those obtained by HPLC. Only one compound could not be resolved using SFC but, in this case, HPLC provided baseline resolution.

Isolation and characterization of novel benzoates, cinnamates, flavonoids, and lignans from Riesling wine and screening for antioxidant activity.

A German Riesling wine has been fractionated with the aid of countercurrent chromatography. After purification by HPLC, the structures of 101 compounds were established by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Seventy-three of the isolated compounds exhibited a phenolic or benzylic structure. Fifty-four compounds were reported for the first time as Riesling wine constituents. New compounds identified in this work included twelve benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives. In addition to two isomeric (E)-caffeoyl ethyl tartrates, the glucose esters of (E)-cinnamic, (E)-p-coumaric, and (E)-ferulic acid, as well as the 4-O-glucosides of (E)- and (Z)-ferulic acid, have been identified for the first time in Riesling wine. The structures of two additional phenylpropanoids were elucidated as 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propan-1-one and 2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propan-1-one. Moreover, two ethyl esters, i.e., ethyl protocatechuate and ethyl gallate, as well as the glucose ester of vanillic acid, were newly detected in Riesling wine. Novel representatives in the flavonoid group were dihydrokaempferol, dihydroquercetin, and four dihydroflavonol glycoconjugates, i.e., the 3-O-glucosides of dihydrokaempferol and dihydroquercetin, as well as the 3-O-xyloside and the 3'-O-glucoside of dihydroquercetin. Additionally, six novel lignans, i.e., lariciresinol 4-O-glucoside, three isolariciresinol derivatives, and two secoisolariciresinols, as well as three neolignans were isolated. Structural elucidation of the newly isolated wine constituents is reported together with the determination of their antioxidant activity.

Quantitative structure-metabolism relationships (QSMR) using computational chemistry: pattern recognition analysis and statistical prediction of phase II conjugation reactions of substituted benzoic acids in the rat.

1. Quantitative relationships between molecular physico-chemical properties of 22 substituted benzoic acids and the extent of excretion of their metabolites in rat urine have been investigated using computational chemistry and multivariate statistics. 2. A data set of 34 theoretically derived physico-chemical descriptors calculated was used to classify the benzoic acids according to their predominant urinary metabolic fate. 3. Quantitative structure-metabolism relationships were obtained by linear regression using combinations of physico-chemical descriptors allowing the prediction of % urinary excretion of glycine (r = 0.73) and glucuronide conjugates (r = 0.82) and % urinary excretion of the parent compound (r = 0.91).