ABSTRACT
Herbs and minerals have been used in clinical dermatology for hundreds of years and herbal ingredients are becoming increasingly popular with the public in treatment of various dermatological conditions characterised by inflammation and pruritus. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of traditional topical therapeutic agents with a moderate potency topical glucocorticoid on experimental contact dermatitis and contact urticaria. The effects of ichthammol 10% pet, zinc oxide 20% pet, camphor 20% pet, levomenthol 10% pet, tea tree oil 20 or 50% and clobetason butyrate 0.05% ointment were studied in the following experimental models: elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis to nickel, irritant contact dermatitis to benzalkonium chloride, and in immediate reactions to histamine and benzoic acid (non-immunological contact utricaria) respectively. Delayed reactions were evaluated using a clinical scoring system and immediate reactions were estimated by planimetry. Histamine-induced pruritus was evaluated using VAS. Tea tree oil reduced allergic contact dermatitis by 40.5% (p = 0.003), zinc oxide by 17.4% (p = 0.04) and clobetason butyrate by 23.5% (p = 0.01). Zinc oxide reduced histamine induced flare by 18.5% (p = 0.01), ichthammol by 19.2% (p = 0.02) and clobetason butyrate by 44.1% (p = 0.02). Irritant contact dermatitis and non-immunological contact urticaria were not influenced by the pre-treatments. Pruritus induced by histamine also remained unchanged. In conclusion, tea tree oil seems to be a more effective anti-eczematic agent than zinc oxide and clobetasone butyrate, while clobetasone butyrate is superior to both ichthammol and zinc oxide in topical treatment of urticarial reactions.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Contact/drug therapy , Tea Tree Oil/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Benzalkonium Compounds , Benzoic Acid/immunology , Camphor/administration & dosage , Camphor/pharmacology , Camphor/therapeutic use , Clobetasol/administration & dosage , Clobetasol/analogs & derivatives , Clobetasol/pharmacology , Clobetasol/therapeutic use , Female , Histamine/immunology , Humans , Male , Menthol/administration & dosage , Menthol/pharmacology , Menthol/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Nickel/immunology , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/administration & dosage , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/pharmacology , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/therapeutic use , Tea Tree Oil/administration & dosage , Tea Tree Oil/pharmacology , Zinc Oxide/administration & dosage , Zinc Oxide/pharmacology , Zinc Oxide/therapeutic useABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Food-associated allergies, especially to benzoates and cinnamon-related compounds, have been associated with orofacial granulomatosis and both standard and urticarial patch testing have been used to detect such allergies. Elimination diets have also been shown to be effective in some patients. OBJECTIVES: To compare the results of standard and urticarial patch testing in a cohort of patients with orofacial granulomatosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of 120 cases seen in two hospitals were retrieved and examined for patch test details. RESULTS: Standard patch testing was much less likely to detect allergy to benzoates and cinnamon compounds (7%) than urticarial tests (55%). All urticarial tests that were positive had shown a reaction by 60 min. CONCLUSIONS: Both standard and urticarial patch tests are required to detect food allergies in orofacial granulomatosis. The difficulties of patient self-recording of urticarial tests can be eliminated by retaining patients in the testing unit for professional reading of patches at 60 min.
Subject(s)
Acrolein/analogs & derivatives , Benzoic Acid/immunology , Dermatitis, Contact/diagnosis , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Granulomatosis, Orofacial/immunology , Propanols/immunology , Acrolein/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Cohort Studies , Dermatitis, Contact/complications , Female , Food Hypersensitivity/complications , Granulomatosis, Orofacial/complications , Humans , Male , Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome/complications , Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome/immunology , Middle Aged , Patch Tests , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Young AdultSubject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects , Benzoic Acid/adverse effects , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology , Patch Tests , Urticaria/etiology , Administration, Topical , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/immunology , Benzoic Acid/immunology , Cross Reactions , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/diagnosis , Glucocorticoids , Humans , Psoriasis/drug therapy , Urticaria/diagnosisABSTRACT
A monoclonal IgG2 antibody, MG3C9-1 A12, was prepared by immunization of mice with human serum Cohn Fraction III proteins enriched for TCR Ca+ proteins. MG3C9-1 A12 bound to Mr 28,000, antigen-specific TCR Ca+, beta-, and TCR Ca+, beta+ serum proteins associated with TGF-beta1, 2. The IgG2 monoclonal antibody also bound to T-lymphocyte proteins but did not bind to B lymphocyte proteins, human albumin, IgM, IgG, IgA, or TGF-beta1, 2, 3 immunogenic peptides. Monoclonal MG3C9-1 A12 detected TCR-related proteins specific for filarial extract, milk proteins, or benzoic acid in the sera of individuals with chronic or asymptomatic filariasis, milk intolerance, or sensitivity to toluene, respectively. TCR-related serum proteins were also detected intracellularly in mononuclear cells in frozen sections of ileum from a patient with milk intolerance and reactive mesenteric lymph nodes from a patient with a gastric ulcer. The results suggest that antigen-specific TCR-related serum proteins may be elevated during an immune response to oral, environmental, or infectious stimuli.
