Subject(s)
Beriberi/diagnosis , Crohn Disease/complications , Multiple Organ Failure/immunology , Thiamine/blood , Weight Loss , Acute Kidney Injury/blood , Acute Kidney Injury/immunology , Acute Kidney Injury/therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Beriberi/blood , Beriberi/immunology , Biopsy , Cardiotonic Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Colon, Transverse/diagnostic imaging , Colon, Transverse/pathology , Colonoscopy , Crohn Disease/blood , Crohn Disease/diagnosis , Crohn Disease/immunology , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Heart Failure/blood , Heart Failure/immunology , Heart Failure/therapy , Humans , Ileum/diagnostic imaging , Ileum/pathology , Intestinal Mucosa/diagnostic imaging , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Male , Multiple Organ Failure/blood , Multiple Organ Failure/therapy , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Respiratory Insufficiency/blood , Respiratory Insufficiency/immunology , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapyABSTRACT
Citreoviridin (CTV) in an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATPase that has been isolated from molded yellow rice and linked to the human disease Shoshin-kakke (acute cardiac beriberi). The disease results from a deficiency of thiamine, however, purified CTV can reproduce the symptoms in experimental animals. The link between CTV and Shoshin-kakke has been difficult to resolve, in part because cases of the disease are rare. In addition to rice, CTV has been found in maize, pecan nuts, and wheat products. A method to screen for CTV and its geometric isomer, iso-CTV, in commodities was developed, based upon the isolation of two novel monoclonal antibodies (mAb). In an antigen-immobilized competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format (CI-ELISA), the observed IC50s for CTV were 11 ng/mL and 18 ng/mL (mAbs 2-2 and 2-4, respectively). The assays were relatively tolerant to methanol and acetonitrile, which allowed their application to the detection of CTV in spiked polished white rice. For quantification, a standard mixture of CTV and iso-CTV was used, along with matrix matched calibration. The dynamic range of the ELISA using mAb 2-4 was equivalent to 0.23 to 2.22 mg/kg in rice. Recoveries over the range of 0.36 to 7.23 mg/kg averaged 97 ± 10%. The results suggest that the mAb 2-4-based immunoassay can be applied to the screening of white rice for CTV. Both mAbs were also observed to significantly enhance the fluorescence of the toxin.
