Monitoring of the effect of low-intensity laser radiation with constant pulse generation on neutrophil granulocytes in vitro.

We studied the effect of low-intensity laser radiation with constant pulse generation on bactericidal activity of neutrophilic granulocytes, in particular, on their capacity to form extracellular structures, so-called extracellular neutrophil traps. It was found that exposure to low-intensity laser radiation with constant pulse generation enhanced bactericidal activity of neutrophilic granulocytes, which manifested in the increase of the percent of neutrophils forming extracellular neutrophil traps.

Effect of laser radiation on production of reactive oxygen species in the blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The effect of laser radiation on generation of reactive oxygen species in the whole blood from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was studied by in vitro recording of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Laser irradiation of the blood from patients with increased production of reactive oxygen species decreased the microbicidal potential of cells. In patients with low generation of reactive oxygen species and normal potential of cells, laser exposure increased production of O2 metabolites. Laser radiation had little effect on chemiluminescence of the blood in patients with low generation of reactive oxygen species and decreased functional activity of cells.

[Effects of plasmapheresis and lasers on the state of urinary microflora in chronic pyelonephritis]. / Vliianie plazmafereza i lazernogo vozdeistviia na sostoianie mikroflory mochi pri khronicheskom pielonefrite.

Bacteria isolated from the urine of 142 patients with chronic pyelonephritis (CPN) were examined for pathogenic properties of the strains (bacteriuria, hemolytic, proteolytic properties, urease, adhesive activity, antibiotic resistance, the ability to inactivate bactericidal activity of the serum) to control the effect of the treatment: antibiotics combined with plasmapheresis or antibiotics combined with laser radiation (intravascular, transcutaneous, or both). Combined application of intravascular and transcutaneous laser irradiation in multimodality treatment reduces the number of highly pathogenic strains as well as antibactericidal activity of the urine strains. It also promotes normalization of bacteriuria level. Plasmapheresis is inferior to laser radiation but ranks the second in efficacy of action on urinary microflora. Thus, use of efferent methods, especially transcutaneous plus intravascular laser radiation, plasmapheresis, in combined treatment of pyelonephritis decreases pathogenicity of urine strains and normalizes bacteriuria.

Ultraviolet-irradiated monocytes efficiently inhibit the intracellular replication of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the antimicrobial activities of monocytes for the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI). UV radiation augmented monocyte antimicrobial activity for MAI in a dose-dependent fashion. UVB doses of greater than or equal to 25 J/m2 resulted in a 50-100-fold reduction in MAI growth 7 d after initiation of culture. The increased monocyte antibacterial effect could be blocked by a plate glass filter, indicating that wavelengths within the UVB were responsible for the effect. UV radiation did not stimulate monocyte phagocytosis, and enhanced inhibition of MAI growth was observed in populations of adherent mononuclear cells that were devoid of T cells. This suggested that UV radiation acted directly to augment intrinsic monocyte antimicrobial activities. The administration of 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA radiation to monocytes also augmented their antimicrobial activities against MAI. UV radiation thus may serve as a unique agent by which to evaluate the mechanisms by which mononuclear phagocytes control the growth of MAI.

Phagocytic and bactericidal activities of leukocytes in whole blood from atomic bomb survivors.

This study evaluated the phagocytic and bactericidal activities of peripheral blood leukocytes from Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors for Staphylococcus aureus. The data were analyzed by multiple linear regression for age, sex, radiation exposure, city of exposure, and neutrophil counts. No significant radiation effect was observed for either blood phagocytic or bactericidal activities. The only significant variable for these functions was the neutrophil count.

[The nature of the toxic properties of the blood plasma of gamma irradiated rats]. / O prirode toksicheskikh svoistv plazmy krovi gamma-obluchennykh krys.

In addition to the growth of low molecular weight quinoid radiotoxins the toxic effects of albumin were registered in rat plasma 4-24 h following gamma-irradiation. It is assumed that adducts of albumin with quinoid radiotoxins are formed and contribute to the development of radiation injury to critical organism tissues.

Reinfusion of UV-irradiated blood in the treatment of infection. I. Experimental infection with staphylococci.

During the last 10 years, reinfusion of UV-irradiated blood has been rediscovered again as a therapeutic method suitable in the treatment of a variety of diseases. The described series of model experiments on rabbits confirm its beneficial effects in the treatment of staphylococcal infection: the control animals reinfused blood not exposed to UV radiation died all within 48 hours after injected with a suspension of live Staphylococcus aureus culture; all rabbits reinfused UV-irradiated blood (2 ml per kg body weight) survived the whole period of observation (30 days); reinfusion of UV-irradiated blood in a volume reduced to 1 ml.kg-1 body weight prolonged the animals' life-span to 96 or 120 hours.

[The effect of infra-low frequency alternating magnetic field on the functional activity of blood neutrophils from rats with limited mobility]. / Vliianie peremennogo magnitnogo polia infranizkoi chastoty na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' neitrofilov krovi krys s ogranichennoi podvizhnost'iu.

The influence of 8 Hz frequency alternating magnetic field has been investigated by 5 mcTl induction on the functional state of bacteroid systems, hydrolytic enzymes and phagocytic activity of rat blood neutrophils in different periods of hypokinesia. It was found that the alternating magnetic field of above mentioned parameters promotes normalization of rat neutrophils indicators during hypokinesia.

[Effect of UV radiation and the autotransfusion of UV-irradiated blood on the content of cationic proteins in the neutrophilic granulocytes of calves]. / Vliianie UF izlucheniia i autotransfuzii UF-obluchennoi krovi na soderzhanie kationnykh belkov v neitrofil'nykh granulotsitakh teliat.

A study was made of the influence of UV-irradiation (254 nm) of blood in vitro, of the autotransfusion of UV-irradiated blood (AUVIB), and of the mixture of UV-irradiated and intact blood in vitro on the content of bactericidal cation proteins (CP) in blood neutrophil of calves suffered from dyspepsia and broncho-pneumonia. Age differences were noticed in CP contents and their decrease in neutrophils following AUVIB in vivo and administration of the mixture of blood in vitro. The decrease in cell CP contents is presumably due to neutrophil degranulation and CP release into the blood plasma. Since the initial mechanisms of neutrophil degranulation are located on the cell surface, the CP release is supposed to result from a membranotropic effect of UV-irradiated blood on the intact autologous blood. This effect may explain the increase in nonspecific resistance of organism after the AUVIB, being one of the main therapeutic phenomena of the AUVIB-therapy.

[Immunological reactivity in a radiation microclimate]. / Imunologichna reaktivnost v usloviiata na radiatsionen mikroklimat.

Bearing in mind the complexity of the radiation factor in industrial conditions the aim of work was to investigate the immunological reactivity in the conditions of glass production. The following methods were used: bactericide properties of skin, quantity of deep microflora of the skin, lysosome activity of the saliva, phagocytic activity of neutrophils in blood, bactericide properties of serum and serum complement. A decrease in the immunological reactivity of the organism was established which was most strongly expressed in relation to the bactericide properties of the skin, lysosome activity of the saliva and the phagocyte activity of the neutrophils in blood.

Radiation effects on cultured human monocytes and on monocyte-derived macrophages.

Prior to administration, leukocyte transfusions are commonly irradiated with up to 5,000 R to eliminate lymphocytes and thereby prevent graft-versus-host disease in the recipient. It has been widely believed that phagocytes are resistant to this irradiation. In a recent report, we noted that phagocyte oxidative metabolism was compromised during preparation of white cells for transfusion. As part of our effort to examine the basis for this inhibition of phagocyte function during white cell preparation, we assessed the effects of irradiation on the long-lived monocytes that have been shown to persist at inflammatory foci posttransfusion. Human monocytes were irradiated for up to 3 min, receiving 2,500-5,000 R. This irradiation damaged human monocytes, significantly decreasing their in vitro survival for the first 3 wk of culture (p less than 0.02, irradiated versus control survival), and growth as assessed by two-dimensional cell size measurements during the first 2 wk of culture (p less than 0.01, irradiated versus control growth). Despite smaller cell size, total cell protein was significantly increased over time in irradiated cultures (p less than 0.001, irradiated versus control total protein per cell). Extracellular release of lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase per cell was not affected by irradiation, but extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was significantly increased after irradiation (p less than 0.001, irradiated versus control LDH release). Irradiated monocytes killed Listeria monocytogenes at a slower rate than the nonirradiated controls (p less than 0.05, irradiated versus control rate of killing). Thus, the data indicate that irradiation in doses used to prevent graft-versus-host disease in leukocyte transfusion recipients has a deleterious effect on in vitro human monocyte survival and function.