ABSTRACT
The inclusion of antioxidant for the treatment of arthritis, especially under the therapy with immunosuppressant, is motivated because antioxidant plays an essential role in disease progression and moreover, immunosuppressive treatment suffers redox homeostasis balance of the organism. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the enhancement of anti-arthritic effect of dexamethasone in combination with epigallocatechin on the progression of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Adjuvant arthritic rats were treated with dexamethasone (0.2mg/kg), epigallocatechin (100mg/kg) and combination of dexamethasone (0.1mg/kg) with epigallocatechin (100mg/kg) daily for a period of 28 days. Paw swelling changes, estimation of serum albumin level, alteration of bone mineral density, histopathological, and radiographical analysis were assessed to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in joint tissue homogenate were performed along with the expression of different pro-inflammatory cartilage cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6. Dexamethasone and epigallocatechin combination potentiated both the antiarthritic (decrease of hind paw volume) and the antioxidant effect (lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and catalase). In combination with dexamethasone, epigallocatechin markedly potentiated the beneficial effect of dexamethasone which resulted in more significant increment of serum albumin and bone mineral density. Improvement of anti-arthritic effect of combination therapy was supported by histopathological, radiographical alterations, and attenuation of over-expression of cartilage cytokines. Epigallocatechin act as potent antioxidant and combined administration of dexamethasone with epigallocatechin increased the anti-arthritic efficacy of basal dexamethasone therapy and suppressed the development phase of arthritic progression in rats.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy , Bones of Lower Extremity/drug effects , Cartilage/metabolism , Catechin/analogs & derivatives , Cytokines/metabolism , Dexamethasone/pharmacology , Joints/drug effects , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism , Arthritis, Experimental/pathology , Arthritis, Experimental/physiopathology , Bone Density/drug effects , Bones of Lower Extremity/metabolism , Bones of Lower Extremity/pathology , Bones of Lower Extremity/physiopathology , Cartilage/drug effects , Cartilage/pathology , Catechin/pharmacology , Catechin/therapeutic use , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Drug Interactions , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Hindlimb/drug effects , Hindlimb/pathology , Interleukin-1/metabolism , Joints/metabolism , Joints/pathology , Joints/physiopathology , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Serum Albumin/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
Objetivos. Revisar la incidencia, las características clínicas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas, así como la mortalidad del síndrome de embolia grasa (SEG) en la última década. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de los pacientes diagnosticados de SEG postraumático entre enero de 2001 y diciembre de 2011 en un solo centro. Resultados. Se evalúan 19 pacientes, 16 varones y 3 mujeres, con edad media de 27 años. Todos presentaban fracturas de huesos largos como consecuencia de un politraumatismo, múltiple en el 78,9%. La clínica respiratoria fue la más frecuente (89,5%), seguida de la neurológica (68,4%) y del exantema petequial (63,2%). El tiempo medio de presentación desde el ingreso fue de 42h. En todos se realizó estabilización precoz de la fractura previa al episodio embólico. En ningún caso se utilizaron corticoides profilácticos. El tratamiento quirúrgico definitivo tuvo una demora media de 7 días y la estancia media hospitalaria fue de 34 días. La incidencia de SEG fue de 0,14% y la mortalidad del 10,5%. Conclusiones. El SEG postraumático afectó fundamentalmente a pacientes jóvenes, politraumatizados, con fracturas de huesos largos. Presentaron manifestaciones de la tríada clínica clásica (respiratorias, neurológicas, exantema), tras un periodo asintomático inicial de menos de 2 días. Su incidencia global fue baja(AU)
Objectives. To review the incidence, clinical features, diagnosis, therapy and mortality rates of fat embolism syndrome (FES) in a tertiary referral hospital in the last decade. Patients and methods. Retrospective and descriptive study of patients diagnosed with post-traumatic FES between january 2001 and december 2011. Results. A total of 19 patients, 16 men and 3 women, with an average age of 27 years were evaluated. All had long bone fractures, multiple in 78.9%, as a result of multiple injuries. Respiratory symptoms were the most frequent (89.5%), followed by neurological symptoms (68.4%) and petechial rash (63.2%). The average time of presentation of the syndrome after admission was 42 hours. All patients underwent early stabilisation of the fracture prior to the embolic event. Steroids prophylaxis was not used in any of the cases. Definitive surgical treatment had mean delay of 7 days. The mean hospital stay was 34 days. The overall incidence of FES was 0.14%, and mortality was 10.5%. Conclusions. Post-traumatic FES mainly affected young patients with multiple injuries and long bone fractures. They all had symptoms of the classic clinical triad (respiratory, neurological, rash) after an initial asymptomatic period of less than 2 days. The overall incidence was low(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Embolism, Fat/epidemiology , Embolism, Fat/prevention & control , Bones of Lower Extremity/injuries , Bones of Lower Extremity/physiopathology , Bones of Lower Extremity , Radiography, Thoracic/methods , Radiography, Thoracic/trends , Anemia/complications , Thrombocytopenia/complications , Embolism, Fat/complications , Embolism, Fat/mortality , Embolism, Fat/physiopathology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the change in bone mineral density (BMD) after spinal cord injury (SCI) and to evaluate whether BMD loss can be reversed with the intervention of functional electric stimulation cycling exercises (FESCE). METHODS: Fifteen males with SCI were included. Fifteen able-bodied males were also tested to compare BMD. In the SCI group, the FESCE was performed for six months, and then was discontinued in the subsequent six months. BMD was performed before the FESCE, immediately after six months of the FESCE, and at the end of the subsequent six months. RESULTS: Before the FESCE, the BMD of the SCI subjects in every site, except the lumbar spine, was lower than that of the able-bodied subjects. After six months of FESCE, BMD of the distal femur (DF) and proximal tibia (PT) increased significantly, and BMD of the calcaneus (heel) showed a trend of increase. However, the BMD in the DF, PT, and heel decreased significantly after the subsequent six months without FESCE. The BMD of the femoral neck (FN) decreased progressively throughout the programme. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed site-specific BMD changes after FESCE. The BMD loss in the DF and PT was partially reversed after six months of FESCE, but the effect faded once the exercise was discontinued.
