ABSTRACT
Despite major achievements aimed at reducing smoking over the last 50 years in the U.S., lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death. This study used mortality-to-incidence rate ratios (MIR) calculated from 2008 to 2012 National Cancer Institute data to highlight state-level variations in relative lung and bronchus cancer survival. In an ad hoc sensitivity analysis, we calculated a correlation between our state-level MIRs and five-year 1-survival rates for states reporting incident lung and bronchus cancer cases (2004-2008) to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database. Differences were observed in state lung and bronchus cancer MIRs, with the highest MIR values (poor relative survival) in southern states and the lowest MIRs primarily in northeastern states. In our sensitivity analysis, state-level MIRs were highly correlated with 1-survival rates. Examining regional variation in survival using MIRs can be a useful tool for identifying areas of health disparities and conducting surveillance activities.
Subject(s)
Bronchial Neoplasms/mortality , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Bronchial Neoplasms/ethnology , Bronchial Neoplasms/prevention & control , Ethnicity , Humans , Incidence , Lung Neoplasms/ethnology , Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control , SEER Program , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Survival Rate , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
In 2014, the top five causes of cancer deaths for the total population were lung, colorectal, female breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. The non-Hispanic black population had the highest age-adjusted death rates for each of these five cancers, followed by non-Hispanic white and Hispanic groups. The age-adjusted death rate for lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death in all groups, was 42.1 per 100,000 standard population for the total population, 45.4 for non-Hispanic white, 45.7 for non-Hispanic black, and 18.3 for Hispanic populations.
Subject(s)
Black or African American/statistics & numerical data , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , Neoplasms/ethnology , Neoplasms/mortality , White People/statistics & numerical data , Breast Neoplasms/ethnology , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Bronchial Neoplasms/ethnology , Bronchial Neoplasms/mortality , Cause of Death , Colonic Neoplasms/ethnology , Colonic Neoplasms/mortality , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/ethnology , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Male , Pancreatic Neoplasms/ethnology , Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality , Prostatic Neoplasms/ethnology , Prostatic Neoplasms/mortality , Rectal Neoplasms/ethnology , Rectal Neoplasms/mortality , United States/epidemiologySubject(s)
Bronchial Neoplasms/ethnology , Bronchial Neoplasms/mortality , Lung Neoplasms/ethnology , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Black or African American/statistics & numerical data , Asian/statistics & numerical data , Female , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Indians, North American/statistics & numerical data , Male , SEER Program , Sex Distribution , United States/epidemiology , White People/statistics & numerical dataSubject(s)
Bronchial Neoplasms/prevention & control , Community Networks , Health Services Accessibility , Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control , Preventive Medicine , Black or African American , Bronchial Neoplasms/epidemiology , Bronchial Neoplasms/ethnology , Humans , Incidence , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Lung Neoplasms/ethnology , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/ethnology , Smoking Prevention , Socioeconomic Factors , South Carolina/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cancer incidence rates and trends are a measure of the cancer burden in the general population. We studied the impact of reporting delay and reporting error on incidence rates and trends for cancers of the female breast, colorectal, lung/bronchus, prostate, and melanoma. METHODS: Based on statistical models, we obtained reporting-adjusted (i.e., adjusted for both reporting delay and reporting error) case counts for each diagnosis year beginning in 1981 using reporting information for patients diagnosed with cancer in 1981-1998 from nine cancer registries that participate in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. Joinpoint linear regression was used for trend analysis. All statistical tests are two-sided. RESULTS: Initial incidence case counts (i.e., after the standard 2-year delay) accounted for only 88%-97% of the estimated final counts; it would take 4-17 years for 99% or more of the cancer cases to be reported. The percent change between reporting-adjusted and unadjusted cancer incidence rates for the 1998 diagnosis year ranged from 3% for colorectal cancers to 14% for melanoma in whites and for prostate cancer in black males. Reporting-adjusted current incidence trends for breast cancer and lung/bronchus cancer in white females showed statistically significant increases (estimated annual percent change [EAPC] = 0.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.1% to 1.2%) and 1.2%, 95% CI = 0.7% to 1.6%, respectively), whereas trends for these cancers using unadjusted incidence rates were not statistically significantly different from zero (EAPC = 0.4%, 95% CI = -0.1% to 0.9% and 0.5%, 95% CI = -0.1% to 1.1%, respectively). Reporting-adjusted melanoma incidence rates for white males showed a statistically significant increase since 1981 (EAPC = 4.1%, 95% CI = 3.8% to 4.4%) in contrast to the unadjusted incidence rate, which was most consistent with a flat or downward trend (EAPC = -4.2%, 95% CI = -11.1% to 3.3%) after 1996. CONCLUSIONS: Reporting-adjusted cancer incidence rates are valuable in precisely determining current cancer incidence rates and trends and in monitoring the timeliness of data collection. Ignoring reporting delay and reporting error may produce downwardly biased cancer incidence trends, particularly in the most recent diagnosis years.
