ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The accumulation of fetuin-A-containing calciprotein particles (CPP) in the serum of patients with renal disease and those with chronic inflammation may be involved in driving sterile inflammation and extraosseous mineral deposition. We previously showed that both fetuin-A and CPP were present in the peritoneal dialysis (PD) effluent of stable PD patients. It is unknown whether different PD fluids might affect the formation of CPP in vivo. METHOD: Peritoneal effluent from 12 patients was collected after a 6-hour dwell with 7 different commercial PD fluids. Calciprotein particles and inflammatory cytokines were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: High inter-subject variability in CPP concentration was observed. Peritoneal dialysis fluids containing 1.75 mmol/L calcium were associated with enhanced formation of CPP in vivo, compared with fluids containing 1.25 mmol/L calcium. Osmotic agent, fluid pH, and glucose concentration did not affect CPP formation. Peritoneal dialysis effluent CPP levels were not associated with changes in inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION: High calcium-containing PD fluids favor intraperitoneal CPP formation. This finding may have relevance for future PD fluid design.
Subject(s)
Calcifying Nanoparticles/chemical synthesis , Calcium/analysis , Dialysis Solutions/chemistry , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Peritoneal Dialysis , alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein/chemical synthesis , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cytokines/blood , Female , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
Calcium carbonate, especially with nanostructure, has been considered as a good candidate material for bone regeneration due to its excellent biodegradability and osteoconductivity. In this study, rod-like calcium carbonate nanoparticles (Rod-CC NPs) with desired water dispersibility were achieved with the regulation of poly (acrylic acid). Characterization results revealed that the Rod-CC NPs had an average length of 240 nm, a width of 90 nm with an average aspect ratio of 2.60 and a negative ζ-potential of -22.25 ± 0.35 mV. The degradation study illustrated the nanoparticles degraded 23% at pH 7.4 and 45% at pH 5.6 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution within three months. When cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells, the Rod-CC NPs exhibited a positive effect on the proliferation of osteoblast cells. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays together with the osteocalcin (OCN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) expression observations demonstrated the nanoparticles could induce the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Our study developed well-dispersed rod-like calcium carbonate nanoparticles which have great potential to be used in bone regeneration.
