New information on morphology and molecular data of camallanid nematodes parasitising Xenopus laevis (Anura: Pipidae) in South Africa.

Three species of nematodes from the Camallanidae that are known to infect Xenopus laevis Daudin (Anura: Pipidae) were collected from several localities across South Africa. New data on morphology, partial 28S and cox1 genes, infection levels and distribution are presented herein. The most common species, Batrachocamallanus slomei Southwell et Kirshner, 1937, from the stomach and less often oesophagus, was found in eight localities. Camallanus kaapstaadi Southwell et Kirshner, 1937, also from the oesophagus, was found in two localities and C. xenopodis Jackson et Tinsley, 1995, from the intestine, at a single locality. New localities for both C. kaapstaadi and C. xenopodis provide a geographical range extension. Males of C. xenopodis are described for the first time herein. The existence of a left spicule in the males of both the species of Camallanus Railliet and Henry, 1915 is confirmed and measurements are provided. Although C. xenopodis is distinguished from C. mazabukae Kung, 1948 in the present study, we suggest greater sampling effort in other African amphibians to confirm the species status of the latter taxon. Finally, the new molecular data showed distant relationships between collected species of Camallanus and species parasitising fish and freshwater turtles.

A new species of camallanidae from Ageneiosus ucayalensis (Pisces: Siluriformes) from Pará State, Brazil.

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) belenensis n. sp. is described using light and scanning electron microcopy, based on specimens taken from Ageneiosus ucayalensis, Castelnau, 1855 (Pisces: Siluriforme), a freshwater fish commonly called mandubé, in Pard State, Brazil; Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) rarus is recorded from the same host. To our knowledge there are no previous reports of nematodes from this fish species. Procamallanus (S.) belenensis is characterized by the presence of 8-13 cuticular spiral thickenings coating 2/3 of posterior region of the buccal capsule of males and females (the anterior third is smooth); small sub-equal spicules; 3 and 4-5 pairs of pre- and post-cloacal papillae, respectively; the proportion of muscular and glandular esophagus is 1:1.5-2; males present 2 spike-like projections at the tail tip, which are absent in females by light microscopy. The most closely related species are Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pintoi. The new species differs from the most closely related species by the presence of 8-10 cuticular spiral thickenings in the buccal capsule of males and 9-13 in the females, 8 pairs of male clocal papillae (3 pre- and 5 post-cloacal, respectively), and only males bearing 2 minute, spike-like projections at the posterior end.

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) anguillae sp. n. (Camallanidae) and some other nematodes from the Indonesian shortfin eel Anguilla bicolor in Thailand.

A new species of parasitic nematode, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) anguillae sp. n. (family Camallanidae), is described based on specimens recovered from the intestine of the Indonesian eel Anguilla bicolor McClelland (type host) from southern Thailand (type locality Phuket Island). It is characterized mainly by the presence of 10-13 spiral ridges in the buccal capsule, length of spicules (366-372 microm and 198-216 microm), presence of a gubernaculum, arrangement of caudal papillae, and by the broad female tail with a digit-like projection bearing two cuticular spikes. In addition, two species of larval nematodes, Physalopteridae gen. sp. and Anisakis cf. simplex (Rudolphi 1809), were recorded from A. bicolor. All species are briefly described and illustrated.

Redescription of Camallanus hypophthalmichthys Dogel and Akhmerov, 1959 (Nematoda: Camallanidae) and its first record from fishes in China.

The nematode Camallanus hypophthalmichthys Dogel and Akhmerov, 1959 is redescribed from specimens collected from the intestine of the bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis, from Liangzihu Lake (Yangtze River basin), Hubei Province, central China. The light and scanning electron microscopical examination made it possible to study in detail the morphology of this so far little-known species and to confirm its validity. The main specific features of C. hypophthalmichthys distinguishing it from the most similar Camallanus spp. is the presence of 3 small caudal processes on the male tail tip, 13-16 longitudinal ridges on the inner surface of the valve of the buccal capsule, and the arrangement of preanal and postanal genital papillae in the male. This finding represents a new host record, the first record of this parasite in the Yangtze River basin, and the first documented record of C. hypophthalmichthys from China. Camallanus hypophthalmichthys is considered a specific intestinal parasite of fishes of the cyprinid Hypophthalmichthyinae.

Camallanus carangis Olsen, 1954 (Nematoda: Camallanidae) reported from French Polynesia and Hawai'i with a redescription of the species.

The marine fish parasite Camallanus carangis Olsen, 1954 (Nematoda: Camallanidae) is redescribed from the honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra (Serranidae) in the Tuamotu Islands of French Polynesia and the glasseye Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Priacanthidae) in Hawai'i, both coral reef fishes. Camallanus carangis is reported for the first time from French Polynesia and Hawai'i. Camallanus marinus Schmidt and Kuntz, 1969 is designated a synonym of C. carangis and Camallanus paracarangis Velasquez, 1980 is regarded as a species inquirenda. Additionally, the genus Oncophora may need to be redefined to accommodate Camallanus aotea Slankis and Korotaeva, 1974, which bears more resemblance to Oncophora than Camallanus.

Spirocamallanus hilarii (nematoda, camallanidae) parásito de peces dulceacuícolas del embalse de Termas de Río Hondo, Santiago del Estero, Argentina / Spirocamallanus hilarii (nematoda, camallanidae) fresh water fishes parasite from Termas of Río Hondo Pond, Santiago del Estero, Argentina

Spirocamallanus hilarii (Nematoda, Camallanidac) is cited parasitizing five fresh water fish species: Salminus maxillosus Leporinus obtusidens, Hoplias malabaricus malabaricus, Oligosarcus jenynsii and Piinelodus albicans, captured in Termas de Río Hondo pond, province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Morphologic and morphometric parasitological estudies were done. The specimens describes were drawned and photographed. In addition, the following parasitic infection indexes were calculated: prevalence 26.5 percent, mean 6.6 and maximun intensity 27

Camallanus, Railliet et Henry 1995, parásito de hydrodynastes gigas del Chaco Argentino / Camallanus, Railliet et Henry 1995, parasite from hydrodynastes gigas from Argentine Chaco

Adult specimens of camallanus genus (nematoda, camallanidae), parasitizing a hydrodynastes gigas (serpentes, colubridae) from Argentine Chaco in the north east of Argentina, are described for the first time. The morphologic and morphometric parasitological studies were carried out using diaphanization by lactophenol technique. The specimens described were drawned and photographed. With this investigation the analysis of the reptilian pathologies, the knowledge of which in necessary to make projects, to manage and control the biomedic aspects in breeders, zoos and/or reserves has started. Thus, in enables us to know associated nematofauna providing facts about the biodiversity of nematode parasites of reptiles.

Procamallanus diacanthum n. sp from the intestine of marine fish johnius diacanthus, India

Se describe una nueva especie de nematode de la familia camallanidae railliet et Henry, 1915 del intestino del pez de mar johnius diacanthus (lacépede) de la costa de kalingapatnam. Estos ejemplares no concuerdan con la descripción de las especies del género descritas hasta ahora. Por lo tanto, una descripción detallada y posición taxonómica se dan en este artículo. La nueva especie se caracteriza por sus medidas corporales, estructura de los engrosamientos espirales, posición del anillo nervioso y poro excretorio, ausencia de gubernaculum, número y disposición de las papilas caudales, largo de las espículas y del extremo terminal de la cola. Así, puede ser considerado una nueva especie, procamallanus diacanthum

Description of a new species of the genus camallanus Railliet et Henry 1915 from freshwater fish barbus ticto from Krishna River, Andhra Pradesh India

Se describe una nueva especie de un nematode de la familia camallanidae railliet et Henry, 1915 del ovario del pez de agua dulce barbus (Puntius) ticto (Günther). La descripción se basa en dos ejemplares machos y dos ejemplares hembras, de un gran número de huéspedes examinados. Los ejemplares no concuerdan con descripciones de especies conocidas del género camallanus, en consecuencia, una nueva especie camallanus praveeni ha sido nominada para ubicar los presentes ejemplares. La nueva especie podría ser distinguida por las medidas del cuerpo, la naturaleza de los tridentes, posición del anillo nervioso y del poro excretorio, posición y largo de las espículas, número y posición de las papilas caudales posición de la vulva y forma de extremo de la cola