Subject(s)
Capital Expenditures/legislation & jurisprudence , Hospitals, Private/economics , National Health Programs/economics , Privatization/organization & administration , Brazil , Delivery of Health Care/trends , Hospitals, Private/legislation & jurisprudence , Hospitals, Private/trends , Humans , National Health Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , National Health Programs/trends , Privatization/legislation & jurisprudence , Privatization/trendsABSTRACT
We examine the utilization of remittances for expenditures associated with development, specifically children's education. We use household-level data from the Nepal Living Standards Survey (NLSS II, 200304) to separate remittance effects from general household income effects to demonstrate the migrationdevelopment relationship reflected in child schooling investment. We find that family-household remittances are spent on education of children, but the expenditures are disproportionately for boys' schooling. Only when girls are members of higher-income households do greater schooling expenditures go to them. This gender-discriminating pattern at the household level contrasts with the call for universal and gender-equal education.
Subject(s)
Capital Expenditures , Education , Gender Identity , Prejudice , Social Class , Socioeconomic Factors , Capital Expenditures/history , Capital Expenditures/legislation & jurisprudence , Education/economics , Education/history , Education/legislation & jurisprudence , Family/ethnology , Family/history , Family/psychology , History, 21st Century , Nepal/ethnology , Social Class/history , Socioeconomic Factors/historySubject(s)
Contract Services/legislation & jurisprudence , Fees, Medical/legislation & jurisprudence , National Health Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , Partnership Practice/legislation & jurisprudence , Radiology/legislation & jurisprudence , Reimbursement Mechanisms/legislation & jurisprudence , Capital Expenditures/legislation & jurisprudence , Germany , Humans , Medical Staff, Hospital/legislation & jurisprudenceABSTRACT
This article examines the development of Certificate of Need (CON) legislation in the United States. Over time, CON legislation developed into efforts to contain rising health care costs, while maintaining quality of care. In recent years, numerous states have begun to reevaluate the current impact of CON regulations, and ask whether the programs should be discontinued. State regulators as well as academic researchers must address the costs vs. benefits of such legislation. Specific measures within such regulations must be addressed in order for health policy makers, administrators, and researchers to help meet the escalating demand for health services.
Subject(s)
Certificate of Need/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Capital Expenditures/legislation & jurisprudence , Certificate of Need/economics , Cost Control/methods , Health Care Costs , Health Policy/economics , Hospital Design and Construction/economics , Hospital Design and Construction/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Needs Assessment/economics , Needs Assessment/legislation & jurisprudence , Program Development , Quality Assurance, Health Care/economics , Quality Assurance, Health Care/methods , United StatesABSTRACT
Accompanying the expansion of modern beef production in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were technologies and methods that proponents assumed were applicable to all ecosystems. successes in Europe, the United States, and Argentina convinced ranchers, investors, and animal scientists that these could be applied in the tropical Americas with ease. This assumption contributed to a wave of foreign ranching investment in semi-tropical Mato Grosso, Brazil, beginning in the early twentieth century. However, such a view failed to consider the specific characteristics of such environments and led to difficulties for several ventures and a re-evaluation of the relationship between ecosystems and the type of ranching appropriate to them. Ultimately, local Brazilian practice and experimentation proved more successful in tropical and semi-tropical Brazil, forcing foreign ranching concerns to adapt their techniques. Following the logic of earlier decades, more recently cattle-raising practices developed in Mato Grosso and similar regions have been applied in the tropical Amazon, resulting in widespread ecological devastation. The uneven experiences of foreign entrepreneurs in Mato Grosso offer valuable lessons for understanding the application of modernization technologies to diverse ecosystems; such knowledge can lead to a more sustainable approach to meat production.
Subject(s)
Animals, Domestic , Capital Financing , Ecosystem , Food Supply , Food Technology , Tropical Climate , Animals , Animals, Domestic/physiology , Brazil/ethnology , Capital Expenditures/history , Capital Expenditures/legislation & jurisprudence , Capital Financing/economics , Capital Financing/history , Capital Financing/legislation & jurisprudence , Cattle , Conservation of Natural Resources/economics , Conservation of Natural Resources/history , Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence , Developing Countries/economics , Developing Countries/history , Environment , Food Industry/economics , Food Industry/education , Food Industry/history , Food Industry/legislation & jurisprudence , Food Supply/economics , Food Supply/history , Food Supply/legislation & jurisprudence , Food Technology/economics , Food Technology/education , Food Technology/history , Food Technology/legislation & jurisprudence , History, 20th Century , Internationality/history , Internationality/legislation & jurisprudence , Program Evaluation/economics , Public Health/economics , Public Health/education , Public Health/history , Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Change/historySubject(s)
Ambulatory Care Information Systems/economics , Hospital Information Systems/economics , Hospital-Physician Relations , Hospitals, Voluntary/economics , Systems Integration , Capital Expenditures/legislation & jurisprudence , Hospitals, Voluntary/legislation & jurisprudence , United StatesSubject(s)
Health Care Costs/trends , Technology, High-Cost/economics , Capital Expenditures/legislation & jurisprudence , Cost Control/legislation & jurisprudence , Cost Control/trends , Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis/legislation & jurisprudence , Forecasting , Minnesota , Robotics/economics , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/economics , Technology, Radiologic/economicsSubject(s)
Capital Expenditures/legislation & jurisprudence , Capital Financing/legislation & jurisprudence , Financial Management, Hospital/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Care Sector/legislation & jurisprudence , Accounts Payable and Receivable , Contracts/legislation & jurisprudence , Financial Management, Hospital/methods , Humans , United StatesSubject(s)
Capital Expenditures/legislation & jurisprudence , Certificate of Need/legislation & jurisprudence , Hospital Planning/legislation & jurisprudence , Biomedical Technology/economics , Hospital Design and Construction/economics , Hospital Planning/economics , Investments , Maine , State Health Plans , United States , Universal Health InsuranceABSTRACT
The United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and some states require nonprofit hospitals to demonstrate that they provide a substantial community benefit in order to get or maintain their tax-exempt status. This places every nonprofit hospital at risk. This article is about certain common factors that impact the management of all nonprofit hospitals and their ability to comply with such laws.