ABSTRACT
During World War II, the French Resistance used political cartoons while fighting for France's freedom from Nazi domination. Reprinting Jean de Preissac's 1945 political cartoon of Allied leaders operating as Hitler's anesthetist and surgeons, a commemorative postcard was issued on the 20th anniversary of the radio broadcast credited with founding the French Resistance, General Charles de Gaulle's "Appeal of 18 June 1940."
Subject(s)
Cartoons as Topic/history , Famous Persons , National Socialism/history , Politics , World War II , Anesthetists/history , France , History, 20th Century , Surgeons/historyABSTRACT
This essay uses autoethnography to relate the experience of being diagnosed with lupus. By using my personal experiences and a discussion of illness and Black women's health, I critically examine larger critical race issues of race, gender, and the social barriers to health care. Specifically, the essay focuses on the ways in which race impacts my experiences with the healthcare system, from my own insecurities of being stereotyped to the ways that doctors interact with me. The essay is framed by popular quotes from Charlie Brown because they help mediate the very personal experiences I am recounting.
Subject(s)
Black or African American/history , Cartoons as Topic/history , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/history , Black or African American/psychology , Anthropology, Cultural , Cartoons as Topic/psychology , Female , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/ethnology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/psychology , New York City , Physician-Patient RelationsABSTRACT
Published daily from 1994 to 2002 in Correio Popular, a Campinas-based newspaper, Os cientistas (The scientists) comic strips produced by Brazilian researchers and journalists presented science critically and irreverently, exposing the insecurities and frustrations of scientists, as well as the conflicts between them and their communication difficulties with other groups, like journalists. This article shows the diversity of personalities, subjects, graphic styles, and potential meanings in a sample of comic strips published in the first four years.
Subject(s)
Cartoons as Topic/history , Newspapers as Topic/history , Research Personnel/history , Science/history , Brazil , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Wit and Humor as Topic/historyABSTRACT
Resumo Publicados diariamente de 1994 a 2002 no jornal Correio Popular, de Campinas, os quadrinhos Os cientistas, produzidos por jornalistas e pesquisadores brasileiros, apresentaram a prática científica de modo crítico e irreverente, expondo a insegurança e as frustrações dos cientistas, além dos conflitos entre eles e da dificuldade de comunicação com outros grupos, como os jornalistas. Este artigo mostra a diversidade de personagens, temas, apresentação gráfica e seus possíveis significados, por meio de uma amostra de tiras publicadas nos quatro primeiros anos.
Abstract Published daily from 1994 to 2002 in Correio Popular, a Campinas-based newspaper, Os cientistas (The scientists) comic strips produced by Brazilian researchers and journalists presented science critically and irreverently, exposing the insecurities and frustrations of scientists, as well as the conflicts between them and their communication difficulties with other groups, like journalists. This article shows the diversity of personalities, subjects, graphic styles, and potential meanings in a sample of comic strips published in the first four years.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Cartoons as Topic/history , Newspapers as Topic/history , Research Personnel/history , Science/history , Brazil , Wit and Humor as Topic/historySubject(s)
Advertising/history , Cartoons as Topic/history , Toothpastes/history , History, 19th Century , Humans , United StatesABSTRACT
Paul Sollier (1861-1933) and Pierre Janet (1859-1947) shared the same fate: achieving fame during their lives, then slipping into obscurity. However, their work is highly relevant for describing and explaining hysteria in the tradition of Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893). Both men had their teacher's clinical perspicacity, which enabled them to accumulate detailed clinical and psychological descriptions. These were published in books that achieved success in their day. From his descriptions, Sollier deduced a pathophysiology of hysteria in which a psychic inhibition led to a functional deficit in sensory-motor areas. This is partially confirmed by current functional brain imaging techniques. As for Janet, he developed concepts which are still valid today, involving personality dissociation, what he referred to as 'fixed ideas', and the subconscious. Sollier and Janet both saw hysteria as a response to the trigger of an emotional shock, specific to certain personalities. While the fundamental work by Joseph Babinski (1857-1932) on hysterical paralysis did much to enrich neurological semiology, Sollier contributed a novel description of the pathophysiology of hysteria, and Janet elucidated its psychopathological mechanisms.
