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1.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) ; 39(3): 805-7, 1991 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1712675

ABSTRACT

3,3',4,5'-Tetrahydroxystilbene (I), a constituent of Cassia garrettiana, strongly inhibited the anti-IgE-induced histamine release from human basophils in vitro at concentrations of 3 to 30 microM. Considering that disodium cromoglycate showed no significant inhibitory activity in this assay method, the strong effect of I should be emphasized.


Subject(s)
Basophils/drug effects , Cassia/analysis , Histamine Release/drug effects , Immunoglobulin E/immunology , Plants, Medicinal , Stilbenes/pharmacology , Basophils/immunology , Histamine Release/immunology , Humans , In Vitro Techniques
3.
J Nat Prod ; 53(3): 630-3, 1990.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2213033

ABSTRACT

Three anthraquinone glycosides, gluco-obtusifolin [11], gluco-chryso-obtusin [15], and gluco-aurantioobtusin [13], were found to be platelet anti-aggregatory constituents of seeds of Cassia obtusifolia. Various other anthraquinone analogues were also tested, and their structure-activity relationships are discussed.


Subject(s)
Anthraquinones/analysis , Cassia/analysis , Plants, Medicinal , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Animals , Rats , Seeds/analysis
5.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 29(1): 73-8, 1990 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2345462

ABSTRACT

The analgesic activity of an extract of the leaves of Cassia alata and kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside were studied after intraperitoneal injection in mice and rats using the tail clip, tail flick, tail immersion and acetic acid-induced writhing methods and the results compared with morphine. Maximum analgesic activity of the extract was apparent 120 min after injection. Fifty milligrams of kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside appeared equivalent to 100 mg of the extract.


Subject(s)
Analgesics/pharmacology , Cassia/analysis , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Kaempferols , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/analysis , Quercetin/pharmacology , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Male , Mice , Quercetin/analogs & derivatives , Rats
6.
Planta Med ; 55(6): 536-9, 1989 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2616672

ABSTRACT

The water-soluble polysaccharides from Cassia angustifolia L. leaves were isolated and fractionated. The acidic polysaccharide fraction was separated into two subfractions S1 and S2 consisting of L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-galactose, and D-galacturonic acid. Further fractionation of the predominant S1 by GPC gave two fractions S1A and S1B with an average molecular weight of 2 x 10(6) and 1.5 x 10(5) d, respectively. Methylation analysis of S1A showed the presence of 1,4-linked galacturonic acid (31.0%), 1,2-linked rhamnose (14.5%), 1,2,4-linked rhamnose (15.8%), 1,3,6-linked galactose (15.3%), smaller amounts of 1,3-linked arabinose, 1.5-linked arabinose, and terminal galactose and arabinose residues. Mild acid hydrolysis of S1A indicated that the backbone consists of 1,4-linked galacturonic acid and 1,2-linked rhamnose residues in the ratio of 1:1. Every second rhamnose is connected via C-4 to arabinogalactan sidechains. The antitumor activity of the polysaccharide fractions was tested against the solid Sarcoma-180 in CD1 mice. Only S1A exhibited a significant antitumor activity with an inhibition rate of 51%.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Cassia/analysis , Plants, Medicinal/analysis , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/metabolism , Female , Mice , Molecular Structure , Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , Polysaccharides/metabolism , Sarcoma 180/drug therapy , Solubility
7.
Planta Med ; 55(3): 276-80, 1989 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2740460

ABSTRACT

Two new naphtho-pyrone glycosides, 9-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-10- hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-1H-naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-1 -one (5) and 6-[(alpha-apiofuranosyl-(1----6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]- rubrofusarin (6), together with cassiaside (3) and rubrofusarin-6-beta-gentiobioside (4) were isolated from the seeds of Cassia tora L. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral data. The naphtho-gamma-pyrone glycosides (3, 4, and 6) were found to have significant hepato-protective effects against galactosamine damage, which were higher than that of silybin from Silybum marianum.


Subject(s)
Cassia/analysis , Glycosides/pharmacology , Liver Diseases/drug therapy , Naphthols/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/analysis , Pyrans/pharmacology , Pyrones/pharmacology , Cells, Cultured , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Glycosides/isolation & purification , Hydrolysis , Methylation , Molecular Structure , Naphthols/isolation & purification , Pyrones/isolation & purification , Seeds/analysis , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
8.
J Pharm Biomed Anal ; 7(12): 1453-7, 1989.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2490529

ABSTRACT

The leaves of 10 Cassia species (Leguminosae), cultivated in Nigeria, were assayed spectrophotometrically for combined anthraquinone content and also pharmacologically for their laxative properties in male albino rats using official senna leaves (Cassia acutifolia Del.) as the reference standard. Leaves of C. podocarpa Guill, and Perr. and of senna had identical laxative potency. The results of both the chemical and the biological experiments suggested that C. alata L. and C. podocarpa are the most likely candidates for drug development in Nigeria. The use of a laxative index is proposed for the comparative study of Cassia (or any plant species) and its possible application to the quality control of these drugs is discussed.


Subject(s)
Cassia/analysis , Cathartics , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Animals , Anthraquinones/analysis , Feces/chemistry , Male , Nigeria , Plant Extracts/analysis , Rats
9.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 2/4: 1-12, 1987/1989. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-93960

ABSTRACT

Foram submetidas a tecnicas de extracao para compostos antracenicos de Cassia fastuosa Willd. Constatada a presenca de aloemodina, reina, emodina, senoside A e de senoside B, foram procedidos de doseamentos da reina e do senoside B. Alem disso, foi realizado ensaio biologico preliminar, com o extrato aquoso a 10%, para a verificacao da atividade laxante.


Subject(s)
Anthracenes/analysis , Cassia/analysis , Biological Assay , Plant Extracts
10.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 19(2): 201-12, 1987.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3613609

ABSTRACT

The anti-inflammatory activity of Cassia occidentalis leaf powder and an ethanol extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum aerial parts were assayed in male albino rats using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. C. occidentalis was maximally active at a dose of 2000 mg/kg, while the C. halicacabum extract was maximally effective at a dose of 500 mg/kg. In the cotton pellet granuloma assay, these drugs were able to suppress the transudative, exudative and proliferative components of chronic inflammation. Further, these drugs were able to lower the lipid peroxide content and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and phospholipase A2 activity in the exudate of cotton pellet granuloma. The increased alkaline phosphatase activity and decreased A/G ratio of plasma in cotton pellet granulomatous rats were normalized after treatment with these drugs. C. occidentalis powder and C. halicacabum extract were able to stabilize the human erythrocyte membrane against hypotonicity-induced lysis. It is likely that these drugs may exert their anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of phospholipase A2, resulting in the reduced availability of arachidonic acid, a precursor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, and/or by stabilization of the lysosomal membrane system.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Cassia/analysis , Plants, Medicinal/analysis , Animals , Carrageenan , Edema/chemically induced , Edema/drug therapy , Exudates and Transudates/metabolism , Glucocorticoids/metabolism , Hemolysis/drug effects , Lipid Peroxides/metabolism , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Lysosomes/metabolism , Male , Phenylbutazone/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rats
12.
Am J Vet Res ; 44(7): 1370-4, 1983 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6881674

ABSTRACT

Aqueous and organic extractions of ground seeds of Cassia occidentalis were obtained. Chickens were dosed with extracted material to assess the toxicity of the extracts. Organic extracts with methanol, ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and benzene were ineffective in removing the toxin from the seeds. Aqueous extractions, using 25 mM sodium bicarbonate or 250 mM sodium citrate, removed the toxin from the seeds, but left the toxin bound to particulate matter in the extract. Addition of Triton X-100 to the aqueous buffers effectively solubilized the toxin from the particulate matter. Signs of intoxication in the chickens were loss of weight, weakness, diarrhea, hypothermia, occasionally ataxia, and recumbency; then death. Gross lesions included paleness of skeletal and cardiac muscles and congestion of the liver. Microscopic lesions in muscle tissue were vacuolation, proliferation of sarcolemmal nuclei, and separation of myofibrils. Electron microscopic examination revealed disruption of mitochondrial cristae and swelling and rupture of mitochondria.


Subject(s)
Cassia , Chickens , Plant Poisoning/veterinary , Plants, Medicinal , Poultry Diseases/etiology , Toxins, Biological/isolation & purification , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Cassia/analysis , Mitochondria, Muscle/ultrastructure , Muscles/drug effects , Muscles/pathology , Plant Extracts/analysis , Plants, Medicinal/analysis , Toxins, Biological/toxicity
14.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 4(2): 159-77, 1981 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7311596

ABSTRACT

There is a paucity of data on the occurrence of hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in medicinal plants, and there are no data on the hepatotoxic properties of herbal medicines that are used in the traditional pharmacopoiea of Sri Lanka and other Asian and African countries. In view of the extensive consumption of these herbs and the occurrence of chronic liver diseases including hepatocellular cancer in this and other countries of South Asia, we have screened fifty medicinal plants for pyrrolizidine alkaloids and have obtained positive results with three species, namely Crotalaria verrucosa L., Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.) Br., and Cassia auriculata L. Feeding trials in rats with materials from these three species produced liver lesions--disruption of the centrilobular veins, congestion or haemorrhage in the centrilobular sinusoids, centrilobular or focal hepatocellular necrosis--and histopathology in the lungs and kidneys which were compatible with the action of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The presence of alkaloids in C. auriculata has not been previously reported nor has the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in H. antidysenterica. It is suggested that the consumption of herbal medicines that contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids could contribute to the high incidence of chronic liver disease including primary hepatocellular cancer in Asian and African countries.


Subject(s)
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Plants, Medicinal/analysis , Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids/adverse effects , Animals , Cassia/analysis , Liver/drug effects , Liver/pathology , Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids/analysis , Rats , Sri Lanka
15.
Arch Latinoam Nutr ; 31(2): 324-36, 1981 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7337521

ABSTRACT

The chemical and biological value of the flour from Cassia aphylla was determined. The chemical study showed that this flour contains a good amount of protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, ascorbic acid, niacin and thiamine. It is also a good source of lysine and sulfur amino acids. Tests concerning nutritive value carried out were: net protein utilization (NPU), 54.7 +/- 2.45; digestibility, 71.00 +/- 0.30; biological value, 77.00, and protein efficiency ratio (PER) 1.74, corrected with respect to casein. Toxicological tests were performed with rats during a period of 30 days. The criteria used in these tests were: hematological data, organ weights, liver composition and histopathology of the liver and kidney. These tests revealed no signs of pathological damage under the experimental conditions used by us. Based on these results, it can be concluded that this product has a potential value as a feedstuff.


Subject(s)
Animal Feed , Cassia/analysis , Dietary Proteins/analysis , Flour/analysis , Plant Proteins/analysis , Plants, Medicinal/analysis , Animals , Female , Male , Nutritive Value , Rats
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