ABSTRACT
Studies were undertaken to find out the effects of low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) in adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) in rats, a widely used model for screening potential therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). AIA was induced by an intradermal injection of a suspension of heat killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (500 mug/0.1 ml) into the right hind paw of male Wistar rats. This resulted in swelling, loss of body weight, increase in paw volume as well as the activity of lysosomal enzymes viz., acid phosphatase, cathepsin D, and beta-glucuronidase and significant radiological and histological changes. PEMF therapy for arthritis involved optimization of three significant factors, viz., frequency, intensity, and duration; and the waveform used is sinusoidal. The use of factorial design in lieu of conventional method resulted in the development of an ideal combination of these factors. PEMF was applied using a Fransleau-Braunbeck coil system. A magnetic field of 5 Hz x 4 muT x 90 min was found to be optimal in lowering the paw edema volume and decreasing the activity of lysosomal enzymes. Soft tissue swelling was shown to be reduced as evidenced by radiology. Histological studies confirmed reduction in inflammatory cells infiltration, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of cells lining synovial membrane. PEMF was also shown to have a membrane stabilizing action by significantly inhibiting the rate of release of beta-glucuronidase from lysosomal rich and sub-cellular fractions. The results indicated that PEMF could be developed as a potential therapy in the treatment of arthritis in humans.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Experimental/radiotherapy , Electromagnetic Fields , Acid Phosphatase/analysis , Acid Phosphatase/radiation effects , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Experimental/immunology , Arthritis, Experimental/pathology , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Body Weight , Cathepsin D/analysis , Cathepsin D/radiation effects , Diclofenac/therapeutic use , Edema/immunology , Edema/pathology , Edema/radiotherapy , Foot/pathology , Foot/radiation effects , Glucuronidase/analysis , Glucuronidase/radiation effects , Hindlimb/pathology , Hindlimb/radiation effects , Hyperplasia , Hypertrophy , Lysosomes/enzymology , Lysosomes/radiation effects , Male , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Synovial Membrane/pathology , Synovial Membrane/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Research into dose- and time-dependent alterations of quantitative and qualitative composition of the peritoneal cells has been carried out. Exposure at 3, 5, 7, or 9 Gy reduced the total number of peritoneal cells, increased the activity of the lactate-, malate-, and qlucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenases, of the acid phosphatase and catepsin D; the amount of the cell protein in adhesing macrophages was also increased. The exposed macrophages showed enhanced phagocytic and cytotoxic activity as evidenced by the increase in luminol- and lucigenin-enhanced chemilumenscence in vitro. The most pronounced changes took place 7-9 days after exposure at 9 Gy.
Subject(s)
Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism , Macrophages, Peritoneal/radiation effects , Radiation Dosage , Acid Phosphatase/metabolism , Acid Phosphatase/radiation effects , Animals , Cathepsin D/metabolism , Cathepsin D/radiation effects , Cell Adhesion/radiation effects , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/radiation effects , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/radiation effects , Luminescent Measurements , Malate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Malate Dehydrogenase/radiation effects , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred CBA , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A study of the state of retinal lysosomes under the action of low-energy monochromatic coherent light has shown that helium-neon laser radiation (lambda = 632.8 nm) to possesses a lysosomotropic action, changing structural functional parameters of lysosomal membranes, and the directness and intensity of the membranotropic effect on lysosomal structures of the retina depend on energy characteristics of the radiation used.
Subject(s)
Lasers , Lysosomes/radiation effects , Retina/radiation effects , Acid Phosphatase/radiation effects , Animals , Cathepsin B/radiation effects , Cathepsin D/radiation effects , Cattle , In Vitro Techniques , Lysosomes/enzymology , Male , Rabbits , Retina/enzymology , beta-Galactosidase/radiation effects , beta-Glucosidase/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Activities of acid phosphatase and cathepsin D were studied in liver, spleen tissues and in blood serum of Wistar male rats with a body mass of 180-200 g within various periods after total gamma-irradiation using 137Cs (1.9 Gr/min) at doses of 7.5 and 30 Gr. Acid phosphatase was maximally activated in the non-sedimented fraction of spleen within 72 hrs at the dose of 7.5 Gr; activity of cathepsin D was decreased in the fraction and exceeded the control values only within 11 days. Activity of both enzymes was decreased in the fraction of precipitate. In liver tissue the enzymatic activity was only slightly altered at the dose used. The dose of 30 Gr altered the acid phosphatase activity both in spleen and liver tissues; the enzymatic activity was increased in non-sedimented fraction and--decreased in precipitate. In blood serum the acid phosphatase activity increased gradually up to the animal death.