ABSTRACT
Fundamentos: El elevado número de personas que trabajando con ordenador utiliza lentes de contacto plantea la cuestión sobre si la suma de estos dos factores de riesgo para la salud visual puede originar un agravamiento del Síndrome Visual Informático. El objetivo de esta revisión es sintetizar el conocimiento científico sobre las alteraciones oculares y visuales relacionadas con la exposición a ordenador en usuarios de lentes de contacto. Métodos: Revisión de artículos científicos (2003-2013) en español e inglés, realizando una búsqueda bibliográfica, en Medline a través de PubMed y en Scopus. Resultados: La búsqueda inicial aportó 114 trabajos, después de aplicar criterios de inclusión/exclusión se incluyeron seis artículos. Todos ellos ponen de manifiesto que las alteraciones al utilizar el ordenador son más frecuentes en las personas usuarias de lentes de contacto, con prevalencias que oscilan de 95,0 % al 16,9 % que en las que no utilizan lentes de contacto, cuya prevalencia va del 57,5 % al 9,9 % y con una probabilidad cuatro veces mayor de padecer ojos eco [OR: 4,07 (IC 95 % : 3,52 - 4,71)]. Conclusiones: Las personas usuarias de ordenador padecen más alteraciones oculares y visuales cuando además son usuarias de lentes de contacto, pero los estudios son escasos y poco contundentes. Se precisan nuevas investigaciones que analicen la influencia según los tipos de lentes y sus condiciones de uso, tanto en la sintomatología como en la calidad de la lágrima y la superficie ocular. Las lentes de hidrogel de silicona son las que se asocian a mayor confort (AU)
Background: The high number of computer workers wearing contact lenses raises the question whether the sum of these two risk factors for eye health may cause a worsening of Computer Vision Syndrome. The aim of this review is to synthesize the knowledge about ocular and visual alterations related with computeruse in contact lens wearers. Methods: International review of scientific papers (20032013) in Spanish and English, using Scoping Review method, in Medline through PubMed and in Scopus. Results: The initial search provided 114 references, after applying inclusion/exclusion criteria six of them were included. All of them reveal that symptoms when using computer are more prevalent in contact lens wearers, with values of symptoms presentation prevalence ranging from 95.0 % to 16.9 % in wearer sandfrom 57.5 % to 9.9 % in non wearers, and four times more likely to develop dry eye [OR : 4.07 (95 % CI : 3.52 to 4.71)]. Conclusion: Computer workers suffer more ocular and visual disturbances if they also a recontact lensusers, but studies are few and non conclusive. Likewise, further research regarding contact lens type and their conditions of use, both in symptoms and tear quality and ocular surface are needed. Silicone hydrogel lenses are associated with more comfort (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Eye Diseases/etiology , Vision Disorders/etiology , Cathode Ray Tube/adverse effects , Asthenopia/epidemiology , Dry Eye Syndromes/epidemiology , Contact Lenses/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Occupational Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
We compared the environmental burdens in the management of end-of life cathode ray tubes (CRTs) within two frameworks according to the different technologies of the production of televisions/monitors. In the first case, CRT recycling is addressed to the recovery of the panel and funnel glass for the manufacturing of new CRT screens. In the second case, where flat screen technology has replaced that of CRT, the recycling is addressed to the recovery of the glass cullet and lead for other applications. The impacts were evaluated according to the problem-oriented methodology of the Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands. Our data confirm that in both cases, the recycling treatment allows benefits to be gained for the environment through the recovery of the secondary raw materials. These benefits are higher for the "CRT technology" framework (1 kg CO2 saved per CRT) than for the "flat screen technology" (0.9 kg CO2 saved, per CRT, as the highest possible), mainly due to the high energy consumption for lead separation from the funnel glass. Furthermore, the recovery of yttrium from the fluorescent powders that are a residue of the recycling treatment would further improve the CO2 credit for both the frameworks considered, which would provide a further saving of about 0.75 kg CO2 per CRT, net of the energy and raw materials needed for the recovery. Overall, this study confirms that, even with a change in the destination of the recovered materials, the recycling processes provide a benefit for the environment: indeed the higher loads for the environment are balanced by avoiding the primary production of the recovered materials.
Subject(s)
Cathode Ray Tube/adverse effects , Cathode Ray Tube/statistics & numerical data , Electronic Waste/statistics & numerical data , Environment , Recycling/methods , Waste Management/methods , Fluorescence , Powders/analysis , Yttrium/analysisABSTRACT
Existe relación entre trabajadores expuestos a pantallas de visualización de datos y alteraciones de la superficie ocular, medida por citoquinas/quimioquinas que pueden mejorar con la suplementación de ácidos omega-3 y medidas de promoción de la salud en el lugar de trabajo. La prolongación de la vida laboral y el alto nivel de exposición obligan a intervenir a los Servicios de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales (AU)
There is relationship between workers exposed to data visualization screens and ocular surface alterations, measured by cytokines/chemokines that may benefit from supplementation of omega-3 and measures of health promotion in the workplace. The extension of working life and require high level of exposure to intervene Services Occupational Risk Prevention (AU)
