Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some 2-(2-{1-[substituted phenyl]ethylidene}hydrazinyl)-4-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile.

A series of dihydro-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives (3-16) were synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity against MES and scPTZ models. Motor impairment screening was carried out by rotarod test method and CNS depressant effect was determined by Porsolt's force swim pool method. Compounds 4 and 9 having p-substituted bromo and m-substituted nitro groups, respectively, were found to be most active showing activity both in MES and scPTZ screen at lower doses of 30 mgkg(-1) at 0.5 h and 100 mgkg(-1) at 4 h. In the rotarod motor impairment screen, compound 4 did not show any motor impairment even at the maximum dose of 300 mgkg(-1); however, compound 9 showed motor impairment at 300 mgkg(-1) dose after 4.0 h. The compounds were also tested for their CNS depression effect. The compounds 4 and 9 showed 41.38 and 43.44% increase in immobility time with respect to control. The pharmacophore hypothesis also fits best for compounds 4 and 9.

Química Farmacéutica de las Acilaminometilpiridinas / Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Acylaminomethylpyridines

Se han sintetizado una nueva familia de depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central, basado en un sistema denominado actualmente la 'utilización de fragmentos'. A uno de los fármacos obtenidos por este procedimiento la OMS le asignó el nombre de picobenzida. Al tratarse de una benzamida sustituida se prepararon análogos modificando los sustituyentes del anillo aromático y se llevó a cabo un estudio QSAR de la serie, que condujo a la optimización de la misma. Un ensayo para modificar el anillo de piridina condujo a una nueva reacción de dimerización para esta clase de compuestos (AU)

A new family of central nervous system depressants has been synthesized, applying the methodology now known as the 'use of fragments'. One of the drugs produced by this process was assigned the name picobencide by WHO. Being a substituted benzamide, analogues were prepared modifying the substituents of the aromatic ring. A QSAR study was carried out which led to the optimization of the series. A test to modify the pyridine ring led to a new dimerization reaction of this kind of compounds (AU)

Synthesis, anticonvulsant and CNS depressant activity of some new bioactive 1-(4-substituted-phenyl)-3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl/ethyl-4H-quinazolin-3-yl)-urea.

Several new 1-(4-substituted-phenyl)-3-(4-oxo-2-phenyl/ethyl-4H-quinazolin-3-yl)-urea were synthesized and screened for anticonvulsant, CNS depressant and sedative-hypnotic activity in the mice. After i.p. injection to mice at doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg body weight synthesized compounds were examined in the maximal electroshock induced seizures (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) induced seizure models in mice. Spectroscopic data and elemental analysis were consistent with the newly synthesized compounds. The neurotoxicity was assessed using the rotorod method. Compounds E1, E6, E9, E12, P3, P4 and P6 were found to be active in the MES screen whereas E1, P4, P6 and P11 were found to be active in the scPTZ screen. All except E6, E11 and P6 showed more than 50% decrease in locomotor activity at 1h of compound administration via actophotometer screen. CNS depressant activity screened with the help of the forced swim method resulted into some potent compounds. All the compounds were found to exhibit potent CNS depressants activity as indicated by increased immobility time. It can be concluded that newly synthesized compounds possessed promising CNS activities.

CNS depressant and anticonvulsant activities of some novel 3-[5-substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl]-2-styryl quinazoline-4(3H)-ones.

A series of new 3-[5-substituted phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl]-2-styryl quinazoline-4(3H)-ones were synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant, sedative-hypnotic and CNS depression activities. After i.p. injection to mice or rat at doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg body weight 2-styryl quinazolin-4(3H)-ones derivatives were examined in the maximal electroshock (MES) induced seizures and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) induced seizure models in mice. Rotorod method was employed to determine the neurotoxicity. Out of 18 compounds only 4a, 4e and 4p showed anticonvulsant activity in one or more test models. All except 4l and 4q exhibited significant sedative-hypnotic activity via actophotometer screen. Forced swim pool method to determine CNS depressant activity resulted in some potent compounds. It can be concluded that synthesized compounds exhibited better sedative-hypnotic and CNS depressant activities than anticonvulsant activity.

Synthesis and CNS depressant activity of some novel 3-[5-substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl]-2-styryl quinazoline-4(3H)-ones.

A series of novel 3-[5-substituted phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl]-2-styryl quinazoline-4(3H)-ones were synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant, sedative-hypnotic and CNS depressant activities. After i.p. injection to mice at doses of 30, 100, and 300mg/kg body weight 2-styrylquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives were examined in the maximal electroshock induced seizures (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) induced seizure models in mice. The neurotoxicity was assessed using the rotorod method. Out of eighteen compounds only 4a, 4d, 4e, 4j and 4k showed anticonvulsant activity in one or more test models. All except 4e and 4f exhibited significant sedative-hypnotic activity via actophotometer screen. CNS depressant activity screened with the help of the forced swim pool method resulted into some potent compounds. From the experimental observation it can be concluded that synthesized compounds exhibited relatively better sedative-hypnotic and CNS depressant activities.

N-{[(6-substituted-1,3-benzothiazole-2-yl)amino]carbonothioyl}-2/4-substituted benzamides: synthesis and pharmacological evaluation.

A series of 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl benzamides (11-30) were prepared in satisfactory yield and evaluated for their anticonvulsant, neurotoxicity, CNS depressant study and other toxicity studies. All the synthesized compounds were in good agreement with elemental and spectral data. Majority of the compounds were active in MES and scPTZ screen and showed the decrease in the immobility time. None of the compounds had shown neurotoxicity or liver toxicity.

In vivo evidence that N-oleoylglycine acts independently of its conversion to oleamide.

Oleamide (cis-9-octadecenamide) is a member of an emerging class of lipid-signaling molecules, the primary fatty acid amides. A growing body of evidence indicates that oleamide mediates fundamental neurochemical processes including sleep, thermoregulation, and nociception. Nevertheless, the mechanism for oleamide biosynthesis remains unknown. The leading hypothesis holds that oleamide is synthesized from oleoylglycine via the actions of the peptide amidating enzyme, peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). The present study investigated this hypothesis using pharmacologic treatments, physiologic assessments, and measurements of serum oleamide levels using a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Oleamide and oleoylglycine both induced profound hypothermia and decreased locomotion, over equivalent dose ranges and time courses, whereas, closely related compounds, stearamide and oleic acid, were essentially without effect. While the biologic actions of oleamide and oleoylglycine were equivalent, the two compounds differed dramatically with respect to their effects on serum levels of oleamide. Oleamide administration (80mg/kg) elevated blood-borne oleamide by eight-fold, whereas, the same dose of oleoylglycine had no effect on circulating oleamide levels. In addition, pretreatment with the established PAM inhibitor, disulfiram, produced modest reductions in the hypothermic responses to both oleoylglycine and oleamide, suggesting that the effects of disulfiram were not mediated through inhibition of PAM and a resulting decrease in the formation of oleamide from oleoylglycine. Collectively, these findings raise the possibilities that: (1) oleoylglycine possesses biologic activity that is independent of its conversion to oleamide and (2) the increased availability of oleoylglycine as a potential substrate does not drive the biosynthesis of oleamide.

Análisis de los efectos de plantas medicinales de Bangladesh en la duración del sueño inducido por pentobarbital en ratones / Screening of Bangladeshi medicinal plants for their effects on pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice

Se analizó la actividad en el sistema nervioso central de los extractos acuosos de cuarenta plantas medicinales de Bangladesh mediante el estudio de la duración del sueño inducido por pentobarbital. Doce de las plantas mostraron un aumento significativo de la duración del sueño, mientras que seis mostraron una disminución significativa. Woodfordia fruticosa y Uraria lagopodioides presentaron un mayor efecto depresor que el diazepam

Aqueous extracts of forty medicinal plants of Bangladesh have been screened for central nervous system activity by pentobarbital-induced sleeping time test. While twelve plants showed signifi cant increase in sleeping time, six plants showed significant decrease. Woodfordia fruticosa and Uraria lagopodioides exhibited a better depressant effect than diazepam

Synthesis and conformation analysis of 3-substituted derivatives of 1H,3H-pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-one of expected depressive nervous system. Part III.

Four series of new 1-aryl (heteroaryl) piperazinylacetyl derivatives of 1H,3H-pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4-one VIIa-o were synthesised. Substrates for the synthesis of VIa-d were obtained from the respective 3H-pyrido[2.3-d]pyrimidines IVa-d in the reaction with NaBH4. Compounds VIa-d were prepared by chloroacetylation. The obtained 1-chloroacetyl derivatives in the reaction with respective aryl (heteroaryl) piperazine formed 1-aminoacetyl derivatives of 2-phenyl-1 H.3H-pyrido[2.3-d]pyrimidin-4-one compounds VII1a-n. The structure ol compounds was analysed by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy.

Synthesis and pharmacological activity of 1,4-benzodiazepine derivatives.

2-Aminobenzamides (3a-g) were prepared starting with isatoic anhydride. These compounds reacted with chloroacetic acid to give (4a-g), which were cyclized by dicyclohexylcorbodiimide to afford (5a-g). The preliminary pharmacological screening revealed that some of the new 2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3,5(1H,4H)-dione derivatives (5) exhibited CNS-depressant and anticonvulsant activities.

Sydnone derivatives. Part VII: Synthesis of some novel thiazoles and their pharmacological properties.

The synthesis of some 4-(arylsydnonyl)-2-(4-arylhydrazono-3-methyl-5-oxo-2-pyrazolin-1-yl)- thiazoles by reacting 1-thiocarboxamido-3-methyl-4-(aryihydrazono)-2-pyrazolin-5-ones with different 4-bromoacetyl-3-arylsydnones is described. A few compounds from this series were screened for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and CNS depressant activities. Among the tested compounds 6s, 6d, 6n, and 6u showed significant anti-inflammatory activity comparable with that of standard drug Ibuprofen. Compounds containing chlorine and carboxylic substituents are more active. 6f, 6r, and 6u showed marked analgesic activity and most of the compounds tested showed promising CNS depressant activity comparable with that of standard drug pentobarbitone.

Synthesis and properties of 2-(4-substituted)butyl derivatives of some 2,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridines.

The synthesis of 2-(4-substituted)butyl derivatives of 4-alkoxy-2,3-dihydro-6-methyl-1,3-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine (10-15) and the results of preliminary pharmacological screening are described in this paper. All the compounds tested showed a strong analgesic action, suppressed spontaneous locomotor activity and prolonged barbiturate sleep. Except 10, all significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Synthesis of aminomethyl derivatives of 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolin-5-one-1-acetic acid amide and 3,4-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolin-5-one-1-acetic acid amide.

Ehtyl esters of 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolin-5-one-1-acetic acid and 3,4-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolin-5-one-1-acetic acid were transformed into the corresponding amides [Ia, b]. The aminomethylation reactions afforded Mannich bases [IIa, b-VIa, b] exhibiting the expected pharmacological effects.

Synthesis of some N-substituted 3,4-pyrroledicarboximides as potential CNS depressive agents.

As a continuation of our work on N-[4-aryl(heteroaryl)piperazin-1-ylalkyl]-3,4-pyrro ledicarboximides, which were characterized by strong analgesic activity and CNS depressive action, several novel N-substituted 3,4-pyrroledicarboximides were prepared and eleven representatives were examined in a series of in vivo CNS tests. A few of these compounds displayed a similar profile of biological selectivity to that of 3,4-pyrroledicarboximides described previously; their structure-activity relationships are discussed.

Synthesis and central nervous system depressant effects of N3-substituted 2',3'-O-isopropylideneuridines.

N3-Substituted derivatives of 2',3'-O-isopropylideneuridine (1) were synthesized and their pharmacological effects on the central nervous system (CNS) examined using mice. Methyl (2), ethyl (3), propyl (4), butyl (5), allyl (6), benzyl (7), o-, m-, p-xylyls (8, 9, 10), and alpha-phenylethyl (11) derivatives of 1 were administered to mice by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection for evaluating hypnotic activity, pentobarbital-induced sleep prolongation, and spontaneous activity as indices. Only 3 possessed hypnotic activity by i.c.v. injection at the dose of 2.0 mumol/mouse. Compounds 3, 4, and 10 significantly showed synergism with a barbiturate, indicating that the derivatives have some CNS depressant effects. Moreover, 3 and 4 caused decrease in the spontaneous activity of mice, even at low doses. The present study indicated that substitution by ethyl, propyl, and p-xylyl groups at the N3-position of 2',3'-O-isopropylideneuridine imparted the CNS depressant effects.

Synthesis and preliminary CNS depressant activity evaluation of new 3-[(3-substituted-5-methyl-4-thiazolidinon-2-ylidene)hydrazono]-1H-2- indolinones and 3-[(2-thioxo-3-substituted-4,5-imidazolidinedion-1-yl) imino]-1H-2-indolinones.

A series of (+/-) 3-[(3-substituted-5-methyl-4-thiazolidinon-2- ylidene)hydrazono]-1H-2-indolinones (2a-h) and 3-[(2-thioxo-3-substituted-4,5-imidazolidinedion-1-yl)imino] -1H-2-indolinones (3a-g) were synthesized by the cyclization of 3-(4-substituted-thiosemicarbazono)-1H-2-indolinones (1a-h) with ethyl 2-bromopropionate in anydrous ethanolic medium and oxalyl chloride in anhydrous diethyl ether, respectively. The structures of 2 and 3 were confirmed by analytical and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and EIMS). The configuration of 3 was assigned on the basis of 1H NMR and 13C NMR data. 2c, 2d, 2g, 2h, and 3a-g were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (ScMet) induced seizures. Among the compounds tested, only 2d exhibited some activity in anticonvulsant identification (Phase I) trials in mice. 2a, 2b, 2d, 2g, 2h, and 3a-g were additionally tested for potentiating effects on pentobarbital induced hypnosis in mice. All of the test compounds increased the sleeping time of pentobarbital significantly (p < 0.05) and the most potent compound was found to be 3a.

Synthesis and biological activity of some 4-amino-3-cinnolinecarboxylic acid derivatives. Part 5: Pyrimido[5,4-c]cinnolines and triazepino[7,6-c]cinnoline.

A series of substituted 3-aminopyrimido[5,4-c]cinnolines 3, 7 was prepared. 6,7-Substituted 4-amino-3-cinnolinecarboxylic acid 1 were condensed with acetic anhydride to give the respective 1,3-oxazino[5,4-c]cinnolines 2. The obtained derivatives reacted with hydrazines and gave 3-aminopyrimido[5,4-c]cinnolines. Reaction of the esters 5 with hydrazines produced hydrazides 6, which upon treatment with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal gave 3-aminopyrimido[5,4-c]cinnolines 7. Treatment of 6b with bromocyan produced 2-amino-3,4-dihydro-3,10-dimethyl-5 H-1,3,4-triazepino[7,6-c]cinnolin-5-on (8b). Some of the synthesized compounds were screened for their effect on the CNS.

Synthesis and evaluation of 2-chloromethyl-3-N-substituted arylthieno (2,3-d)pyrimidin-4-ones and derivatives for central nervous system depressant activity.

2-Chloromethyl 3-N-substituted arylthieno (2,3-d)pyrimidin-4-ones and derivatives were synthesized by reacting 2-amino-3-carboxanilido-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo(b)thiophenes (Iabc) with chloroacetyl chloride in dioxane and by cyclizing the open chain 3-substituted carboxanilido-2-(omega-chloroacetamido)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobe nzo(b)thiophenes (IIabc) under acidic condition. The compounds were characterized by their spectral data and screened for central nervous system depressant activity. The compounds IIIabc and Vabc have shown marked sedative action.

Synthesis of new 2-arylidene-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-ones.

A number of 2-arylidene-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-ones were synthesized and evaluated for CNS activity. Some of the tested compounds exhibited marked CNS depressant activity in mice.

Central nervous system depressant effects of N3-substituted derivatives of deoxyuridine in mice.

N3-Substituted derivatives of deoxyuridine (1) were synthesized and their pharmacological effects were evaluated by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection in mice. Eleven derivatives, including the methyl (2), ethyl (3), propyl (4), allyl (5), butyl (6), benzyl (7), o, m and p-xylyls (8, 9, 10), alpha-phenylethyl (11) and phenacyl (12) derivatives, of 1 were prepared and their pharmacological effects were evaluated by using hypnotic activity, pentobarbital-induced sleep prolongation, spontaneous activity and motor incoordination as indices of central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects. At a dose of 2.0 mumol/mouse, the values of mean sleeping time induced by 7, 8, 9 and 10 were 23, 35, 29 and 30 min, respectively. Although the alkyl (2-6) derivatives did not cause any hypnotic activity, some derivatives tested (3, 5, 6, 8-12) significantly prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. When the CNS depressant effects of phenacyl substituted 1 were compared to that of other oxopyrimidine nucleosides, N3-phenacyluridine (13), N3-phenacylthymidine (14), N3-phenacyl-6-azauridine (15), compounds 12, 13 and 14 (1.0 mumol/mouse, i.c.v.) significantly decreased mouse spontaneous activity. Furthermore, 12-15 (1.0 mumol/mouse, i.c.v.) caused mouse motor incoordination. These results indicate that deoxyuridine derivatives have generally central depressant activity, and the benzyl and xylyl derivatives, but not alkyl derivatives, possess hypnotic activity.