Nocardia farcinica Meningitis Masquerading as Central Nervous System Metastasis in a Child With Cerebellar Pilocytic Astrocytoma.

Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma, the most common pediatric central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm, characteristically displays an indolent growth pattern and rarely demonstrates metastatic dissemination. Reports of infections mimicking CNS metastatic disease are also rare and can impact treatment. We report the youngest known case of a child with a CNS Nocardia farcinica infection who had a known cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma, review other infections that may masquerade as CNS neoplasms, and discuss N. farcinica CNS infections.

Isolated cerebellar lymphomatoid granulomatosis progressing to malignant lymphoma. Case report.

A 60-year-old man presented with progressive and unique neurological symptoms. Investigations identified an isolated cerebellar lesion. This lesion fulfilled the histological criteria for lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and in situ hybridization and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) dot blot techniques revealed significant amounts of Epstein-Barr virus DNA within the tumor cells. The patient underwent cranial radiation therapy, and 16 months after the initial presentation the lesion evolved into a malignant lymphoma. He subsequently died secondary to subdural empyema, bacterial meningitis, and bronchopneumonia. The unique clinical and etiological aspects of this case are addressed.

Epstein-Barr virus-associated primary B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the cerebellum in an immune competent man.

BACKGROUND: The role of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in lymphoproliferative lesions has been widely accepted. Most of these lesions occur in patients who have deficiencies in their immune status. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG) is a lymphoproliferative disorder originally characterized as an angiocentric, necrotizing, pleomorphic infiltrate of mononuclear cells. The etiology of LG is unknown. It was originally hypothesized that LG may represent an unusual lymphoid response to an infective organism, possibly EBV. METHODS: Tissues from a previously healthy 60-year-old, healthy white man with primary cerebellar lymphomatoid granulomatosis were examined for the presence of EBV by nucleic acid hybridization. RESULTS: The original LG lesion was a polyclonal B-cell proliferation that contained detectable amounts of EBV. Peripheral blood leukocytes were negative for EBV by the same assay. After an 18-month remission, a tumor reappeared near the site of the primary lesion, which had the histologic appearance of a lymphoma. The cells showed restricted clonality and contained a similar amount of EBV-related DNA as the original lesion. Peripheral blood leukocytes at the time of recurrence were negative for EBV. The patient died approximately 2 months after the recurrent tumor was detected. CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrated the development of a primary cerebellar B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, histologically identical to lymphomatoid granulomatosis, that transformed into a lymphoma. The original tumor and the subsequent lymphoma contained, on average, several copies of EBV-related DNA per cell. Despite an extensive survey of the patient, no immune deficit was detected. Interpretation of the literature with the results of this case suggest that this instance of primary cerebellar LG arose as a consequence of an unusual EBV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferation. It is suggested that EBV may be a significant factor in the initiation of the abnormal proliferations of T-cells or B-cells reported in this disorder.

Infections with Chryseomonas luteola (CDC group Ve-1) and Flavimonas oryzihabitans (CDC group Ve-2) in neurosurgical patients.

During a 20-month period at Temple University Hospital, three cases of infection with bacteria of the Ve group--Chryseomonas luteola (CDC group Ve-1) and Flavimonas oryzihabitans (CDC group Ve-2)--were seen in neurosurgical patients. Two of the patients, including one with what is thought to be the first reported case of meningitis due to C. luteola, had complications caused by prosthetic material. A review of the literature revealed 14 well-described cases of infection with C. luteola or F. oryzihabitans, the majority of which were cases of bacteremia or peritonitis in patients undergoing dialysis. The presence of foreign material and the use of corticosteroids may predispose to and influence the course of disease. As prosthetic material becomes even more widely used, the incidence of infection with bacteria of the Ve group will likely increase and the manifestations of the infections will probably become more varied.