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1.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 64(1): 43-50, ene.-abrr. 1992. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-106130

ABSTRACT

En un grupo de 17 pacientes con infecciones del sistema nervioso central y con convulsiones con fiebre, se estudió la integridad de la barrera hematoencefalica basada en cálculo de la razón albúmina y la síntesis de inmunoglobulinas intratecal a partir de la utilización de los índices y la fórmula de Tourtellote. No hubo ruptura de la barrera hematoencefélica a excepción de 3 pacientes. Todos los pacientes fueron sintetizadores de IgG e IgA según el índice respecivo, y la velocidad de síntesis de IgG fue significativamente superior en las meningoencefalitis bacterianas


Subject(s)
Blood-Brain Barrier , Immunoglobulins/analysis , Cerebrospinal Fluid/analysis , Meningoencephalitis , Immunoglobulin A/analysis , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Immunoglobulin M/analysis
2.
Arch. med. interna (Montevideo) ; 14(1): 9-14, mar. 1992. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-126959

ABSTRACT

El espectro de modificaciones bioquímicas e inmunológicas potencialmente presentes en la Esclerosis Múltiple permite definir niveles diferenciales de desmielinización intratecal. 70 pacientes con diagnóstico de esclerosis múltiple clínicamente definitivas fueron estudiados longitudinalmente y evaluados en un empuje de la enfermedad y antes de todo tratamiento. La correlación entre los hallazgos humorales del LCR con escala de incapacidad de Hyllested y sistematización funcional neurológica de Kurtzke diferenció cinco perfiles intrarraquídeos desmielinizantes de severidad progresiva: Tipo I - aumento de velocidad diaria de síntesis (mg/24 h) o magnitud de síntesis de IgG, corregida en función del grado de admisión proteica y de la permeabilidad de la barrera hematoencefálica. Tipo II - se agrega distribución oligoclonal de IgG, en número de 2 a 5 bandas catódicas, número variable de acuerdo a la topografía lesional predominante. Tipo III - se agrega alteración del arco de precipitación de la IgG en la inmunoelectroforesis independientemente del tipo de cadena liviana Kappa o Lambda presente. Tipo VI - se añade el disbalance de cadenas livianas Kappa y Lambda a predominio de la última. Tipo V - se añade a los anteriores la presencia de inmunocomplejos antígenoanticuerpo. La existencia de estos perfiles, además de caracterizar la respuesta inmunoproteica de cada paciente, deberá contribuir a definir pautas pronósticas de la afección, considerando la eventual transformación de uno a otro perfil inmunobiológico y consecuente agravación lesional. Finalmente, la confirmación de un perfil intratecal de intensa desmielinización plantea la posibilidad de una terapéutica inmunomoduladora inmediata más agresiva desde el inicio de la enfermedad


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Demyelinating Diseases , Immunoglobulin A/cerebrospinal fluid , Immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid , Immunoglobulin M/cerebrospinal fluid , Multiple Sclerosis , Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins/biosynthesis , Demyelinating Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid , Demyelinating Diseases/diagnosis , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis , Multiple Sclerosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Multiple Sclerosis , Cerebrospinal Fluid/analysis
3.
Arch. med. interna (Montevideo) ; 14(1): 15-8, mar. 1992. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-126960

ABSTRACT

El diagnóstico de la Esclerosis Múltiple es eminentemente clínico, en base a la anamnesis y examen físico. El análisis del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) pone en evidencia una reacción inflamatoria del Sistema Nervioso Central. Los potenciales evocados pueden mostrar lesiones multifocales latentes. La RMN revela lesiones diseminadas de la sustancia blanca y excluye otras patologías. La evolución de la enfermedad es notablemente variable de un paciente a otro, especialmente en formas de empujes y remisiones. No obstante, el estudio epidemiológico de estos enfermos, junto a los sistemas funcionales afectados y el grado de perfil desmielinizante intratecal permiten definir pautas pronósticas, favorables y desfavorables


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Demyelinating Diseases , Immunoglobulin A/cerebrospinal fluid , Immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid , Multiple Sclerosis , Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins/biosynthesis , Demyelinating Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid , Demyelinating Diseases/diagnosis , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis , Multiple Sclerosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Cerebrospinal Fluid/analysis
4.
Sao Paulo; s.n; 1992. 130 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-128253

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o valor diagnostico de tecnicas citoquimicas e imunocitoquimicas no estudo da citologia do liquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR). Para tanto, estudamos o comportamento citoquimico das celulas do LCR de pacientes com doencas malignas, atraves da reacao do acido periodico de Schiff (PAS) e da coloracao pelo sudam black B e/ou peroxidase, e pesquisamos a presenca da enzima deoxinucleotidil transferase terminal (TdT), atraves de reacao imunocitoquimica


Subject(s)
Humans , Central Nervous System Diseases , Cerebrospinal Fluid/cytology , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Histocytochemistry , Immunohistochemistry , Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction , Staining and Labeling , Cerebrospinal Fluid/analysis , Leukemia/diagnosis , Lymphoma/diagnosis , Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnosis , Nervous System Neoplasms
5.
Pediatría (Santiago de Chile) ; 34(4): 213-5, oct.-dic. 1991. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-112834

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un paciente de 15 años de sexo femenino con migraña, asociada en tres episodios a pleocitosis del LCR. Se revisaron las publicaciones sobre el tema y las posibles etiologías del cuadro. El conocimiento de este síndrome es importante en orden a evitar exámenes y tratamientos innecesarios


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Female , Cerebrospinal Fluid/analysis , Migraine Disorders/etiology
8.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull ; 16(1): 34-41, 1990 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2205198

ABSTRACT

Cerebrospinal fluid from 260 children clinically diagnosed as meningitis were examined by Dm, culture, COA and CIE test. Dm revealed the presence of bacteria in 41 (15.8%) whereas culture showed growth of organism in 52 (20%) cases. COA and CIE test were done for the detection of antigen of H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis. Among the 3 methods viz. culture, COA and CIE test which were used for the detection of the above three organisms COA detected the maximum numbers (23.5%). COA test could detect antigen in both culture positive and culture negative CSF samples. COA test detected 100% of pneumococcal, 88.5% of H. influenzae and 66.7% of N. meningitidis antigens from CSF. Diagnosis by CIE in detecting H. influenzae and N. meningitidis antigens is inferior to culture and COA, whereas in detecting pneumococcal antigens CIE is superior to culture. So COA is a valuable, cheap, rapid and sensitive method for the diagnosis of meningitis caused by the above three organisms and when used along with culture 100% of cases can be diagnosed.


Subject(s)
Agglutination Tests/standards , Bacterial Infections/cerebrospinal fluid , Cerebrospinal Fluid/microbiology , Counterimmunoelectrophoresis/standards , Immunoelectrophoresis/standards , Meningitis/cerebrospinal fluid , Cerebrospinal Fluid/analysis , Child , Child, Preschool , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Meningitis/epidemiology , Meningitis/microbiology , Microscopy , Sensitivity and Specificity
9.
J Neurol ; 237(3): 171-6, 1990 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2370565

ABSTRACT

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multimodality evoked potentials (EPs) and cerebrospinal fluid examination were performed in 42 patients with myelopathy of undetermined aetiology in order to detect abnormalities usually related to multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients were divided into three groups: insidious-onset myelopathy with only motor signs (group A; 11 patients), with both motor and sensory signs (group B; 18 patients) and acute-onset myelopathy (group C; 13 patients). Multiple brain MRI lesions were found in 18 patients (2 of group A, 13 of group B and 3 of group C). Another 7 patients had a single white-matter lesion. Visual EPs were abnormal in 21 and brain-stem auditory EPs in 12 patients. Paraclinical tests supported the diagnosis of MS in 25 patients (60%) by showing subclinical brain abnormalities. Oligoclonal bands were found in 16 of these 25 patients. The findings strongly suggest a diagnosis of MS in the patients of group B.


Subject(s)
Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Diseases/etiology , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Brain Stem/physiopathology , Cerebrospinal Fluid/analysis , Evoked Potentials, Auditory , Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory , Evoked Potentials, Visual , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Movement , Paraplegia/etiology , Sensation , Spinal Cord Diseases/complications , Spinal Cord Diseases/physiopathology
10.
Cancer Res ; 50(10): 3119-23, 1990 May 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2334907

ABSTRACT

To test the feasibility of intrathecal perfusion of ACNU (3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitro sou rea hydrochloride) in the treatment of subarachnoid dissemination of malignant glioma, the neurotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of ACNU were studied in dogs. ACNU [1-2 mg dissolved in 10-20 ml of lactated Ringer's solution or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)] was administered via the right lateral ventricle by constant drip infusion and CSF was drained by lumbar puncture. The infusion time was from 15 to 71 min. For the control, a bolus injection was given. No neurological and systemic symptoms were noted after perfusion. Histological examination of the brain and spinal cord revealed only mild denudation of ependyma in the wall of the ventricles in a dog treated three times with 2 mg ACNU (perfusion twice, bolus injection once) and in 2 dogs perfused with 1 mg ACNU once a week for 10 weeks. ACNU was not detected in lumbar CSF after bolus injection into the lateral ventricle. When 1 mg of ACNU, dissolved in 10 ml of artificial CSF, was perfused for a duration of 22 to 31 min, it started to appear in the lumbar CSF 10 to 15 min after the start of perfusion, reaching a maximum concentration of 13.88 to 22.31 micrograms/ml. The area under the drug concentration-time curve was 344 to 706 micrograms x min/ml; the half-time was 15.5 to 19.5 min. The distribution volume was 30.6 to 54.1 ml. These findings suggest the feasibility of intrathecal perfusion of ACNU in the treatment of patients with subarachnoid dissemination of glioma.


Subject(s)
Nimustine/toxicity , Animals , Central Nervous System/drug effects , Cerebrospinal Fluid/analysis , Dogs , Ependyma/pathology , Injections, Spinal , Nimustine/administration & dosage , Nimustine/cerebrospinal fluid , Nimustine/pharmacokinetics
11.
Mayo Clin Proc ; 65(5): 684-707, 1990 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2190050

ABSTRACT

Increased intracranial pressure can result in irreversible injury to the central nervous system. Among the many functions of the cerebrospinal fluid, it provides protection against acute changes in venous and arterial blood pressure or impact pressure. Nevertheless, trauma, tumors, infections, neurosurgical procedures, and other factors can cause increased intracranial pressure. Both surgical and nonsurgical therapeutic modalities can be used in the management of increased intracranial pressure attributable to traumatic and nontraumatic causes. In patients with cerebral injury and increased intracranial pressure, monitoring of the intracranial pressure can provide an objective measure of the response to therapy and the pressure dynamics. Intraventricular, intraparenchymal, subarachnoid, and epidural sites can be used for monitoring, and the advantages and disadvantages of the various devices available are discussed. With the proper understanding of the physiologic features of the cerebrospinal fluid, the physician can apply the management principles reviewed herein to minimize damage from intracranial hypertension.


Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid/physiology , Pseudotumor Cerebri/therapy , Absorption , Blood-Brain Barrier/physiology , Cerebrospinal Fluid/analysis , Cerebrospinal Fluid/metabolism , Combined Modality Therapy , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Homeostasis/physiology , Humans , Monitoring, Physiologic , Posture , Pseudotumor Cerebri/complications , Pseudotumor Cerebri/physiopathology , Pseudotumor Cerebri/prevention & control
14.
Acta Paediatr Scand ; 79(3): 335-42, 1990 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2333748

ABSTRACT

We performed analyses of electrolytes, amino acids, albumin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, gamma-globulin and LDH in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of children undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin-lymphoma or acute myeloid leukemia. At the time of diagnosis signs of a disturbance of the blood-brain barrier were found in some patients. During induction treatment with L-asparaginase a rise of glutamic acid and a decrease of glutamine occurred. This finding correlated with slowing of the EEG. Treatment with vincristine was associated with a slight drop of sodium and chloride concentration in serum, but not in the cerebrospinal fluid. Central nervous system prophylaxis with cranial irradiation, and to a lesser degree with intravenous medium-dose methotrexate, gave rise to a further deterioration of the blood-brain barrier function as indicated by an increase in albumin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and LDH levels. During radiotherapy the concentration of several amino acids rose, probably due to a disturbance of active carrier mechanisms. Patients with elevated albumin at the end of radiotherapy more often suffered an early leukemia relapse while still on treatment. No other clinical or electroencephalographic correlations of altered barrier function could be found.


Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid/analysis , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/cerebrospinal fluid , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/cerebrospinal fluid , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/cerebrospinal fluid , Amino Acids/analysis , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects , Blood-Brain Barrier/radiation effects , Cerebrospinal Fluid/drug effects , Cerebrospinal Fluid/radiation effects , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Electrolytes/analysis , Humans , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/radiotherapy , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/drug therapy , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/radiotherapy , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/radiotherapy , Proteins/analysis
17.
N C Med J ; 51(2): 72-6, 1990 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2308652

ABSTRACT

In traditional practice, doctors order tests and the laboratory performs them. A series of tests are requested before the results of any of the tests are known. The authors of this paper examine the interface between the clinicians and the laboratory. They produce a cost effective and clinically useful routine for handling spinal fluid. They bring to their practice an excellent example of quality assurance which is genuine, improves practice and is not "busy work." The editor heard Dr. Albright present this material and urged him to make it available to North Carolina doctors.


Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid , Adolescent , Adult , Cerebrospinal Fluid/analysis , Cerebrospinal Fluid/microbiology , Cryopreservation , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Myelography , Pathology, Clinical , Spinal Puncture , Syphilis Serodiagnosis , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/cerebrospinal fluid
18.
Diagnóstico (Perú) ; 25(1/2): 5-12, ene.-feb. 1990. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-90796

ABSTRACT

A raíz de una epidemia de rubéola, se estudia en el Servicio de Neuropediatría del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de Lima, una casuística de 36 pacientes pre-escolares y escolares con manifestaciones neurológicas severas. Las formas clínicas más frecuentes fueron meningoenecefalitis y encefalitis con transtornos de conciencia y crisis convulsivas generalizadas. En forma poco frecuente o aislada se presentaron casos de cerebelitis, de meningitis, de meningo-panencefalitis sub-aguda y de poliradiculoneuritis. En el 94% de los casos las manifestaciones neurológicas se instalaron en forma rápida, el curso de la enfermedad fue agudo, la evolución corta y el pronóstico inmediato bueno.En un paciente con manengoencefalitis subaguda, la afección inicialmente aguda progresó durante 6 semanas para luego remitir en el lapso de 3 meses y medio, y en un niño con poliradiculoneuritis la mejoría fue discreta en el curso de un mes de observación. Los examenes auxiliares mostraron en el 78% de los pacientes una elevación de 4 veces el título basal de anticuerpos; en los líquidos cefalo-raquídeos de las meningoencefalitis y meningitis un aumento de proteínas y de células generalmente a predominio de linfocitos; en los hemogramas en la etapa aguda, leucocitos con neutrofilia y desviación izquierda y los electroencefalogramas de 8 pacientes registros anormales que no guardaron correlación con la evolución clínica. El diagnóstico se basó en el antecedente epidemiológico de rubéola, en el cuadro clínico y/o en la determinación de anticuerpos específicos por el método de inhibición de la hemaglutinación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Male , Female , Encephalitis , Cerebrospinal Fluid/analysis , Cerebrospinal Fluid/cytology , Cerebrospinal Fluid/immunology , Meningoencephalitis , Rubella/complications , Rubella/epidemiology , Rubella/history , Antibodies/cerebrospinal fluid , Electroencephalography
19.
Diagnóstico (Perú) ; 25(1/2): 30-4, ene.-feb. 1990. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-90799

ABSTRACT

Reportamos el caso de una paciente mujer de 33 años de raza negra, diabética de 2 años de evolución con dos hospitalizaciones previas por cuadro de cetoacidosis. Presenta 4 meses de cefalea y 3 meses con disfragia y disfonía. Al examen se evidencia parálisis total del IX, X, XI y XII nervios craneales derechos y la compresión de la vena yugular izquierda incrementó la cefalea. Se presenta radiografía y TAC de base de cráneo en la que se aprecia masa sólida prevertebral derecha desde C3 hasta la base, con destrucción ósea a este nivel. La biopsia de la masa revela la presencia de mucormicosis. Este es el primer caso reportado en un síndrome de Collet-Sicard es debido a mucormicosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Mucormycosis/complications , Mucormycosis/diagnosis , Biopsy , Immunosuppression Therapy , Cerebrospinal Fluid/analysis , Cerebrospinal Fluid/cytology , Radiography , Tomography
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