El nuevo patronazgo de san José: reflejo artístico y espiritual de la enfermedad y la muerte en la Edad Moderna / Saint Joseph’s new patronage: artistic and spiritual reflection of disease and death during the Early Modern Age

Objetivo principal: Identificar la evolución devocional de san José entre los siglos XVI y XVIII en relación con la proliferación de su imagen artística en los espacios hospitalarios y asistenciales, tomando incluso su nombre en algunos casos. Metodología: Realización de un estudio bibliográfico y documental revisando fuentes (literatura, hagiográficas, tratados y literatura crítica) seguido de un trabajo de campo y rastreo de ejemplos de imágenes y advocaciones vinculadas al santo en los ambientes hospitalarios. Resultados principales: San José fue sustituyendo progresivamente a los tradicionales patrones de enfermos y moribundos, llegando a protagonizar una gran cantidad de escenas e imágenes presenten en capillas hospitalarias y vinculadas a casas de beneficencia congregacionales y gremiales. Conclusión principal: Identificación de un paralelismo entre el desarrollo del arte y la actividad hospitalaria. En el ámbito artístico, se vincularon tipos iconográficos concretos a asociaciones asistenciales, en particular la muerte de san José, como ejemplo de serenidad para agonizantes y modelo caritativo para asistentes (AU)

Objective: To identify the devotional evolution of st. Joseph between the 16th and 18th centuries in relation to the expansion of his artistic image in hospitals and healthcare spaces, which even in some cases took his name. Methods: A bibliographical review of sources (literature, hagiographies, treatises and secondary sources) and the search for examples of images and dedications linked to the saint in hospitals. Results: St. Joseph gradually replaced the traditional patron saints of the sick and dying, and came to be the protagonist of a large number of scenes and images present in hospital chapels and charity houses supported by fraternities and guilds. Conclusions: It has been identified a parallel between the development of art and care activities. For instance, specific iconographic types were assigned to care societies, in particular the death of st. Joseph, as an example of serenity for the dying and a charitable model for the caretakers (AU)

Religion and Spirituality, Meaning, and Faith in American Psychiatry From the 19th to the 21st Century.

Since the beginning of American psychiatry, we have discovered and rediscovered connections among religion, spirituality, meaning, and mental health. In the 19th century, religion was an embedded attribute of moral therapy, the framework for treatment in mental institutions. During the decades in the 20th century when psychoanalysis was ascendant in the profession, some psychiatrists collaborated with the emerging field of pastoral care. As biological psychiatry has come to dominate the profession, though, pastoral care providers and some psychiatric researchers have identified gaps in the human interactions that characterize ideal and meaningful encounters with patients. This article examines how religion has been mobilized in American psychiatry over the centuries within institutional settings, but also looks at a broad consideration of faith in psychiatrists' clinical interventions, how that has affected their interactions with religious ideas and people, and where they have found meaning and purpose in mental health care.

Healthcare Chaplaincy as a Companion Profession: Historical Developments.

Chaplains, like professionals in a range of industries, have long sought to maintain and build occupational power by articulating their professional mandate and advocating for their work. I describe how leaders of the Association of Professional Chaplains and its predecessor organizations used multiple strategies to articulate and re-articulate their professional mandate between 1940 and the present to become a companion profession, one that comes alongside another without seeking to challenge its jurisdiction. I find chaplains seeking to develop an economic base, aligning interests across distinct segments of the profession and creating new professional associations, lobbying for legislative support, and offering their services in institutional voids. They further adopted the language of healthcare around questions of identity, charting, and accreditation and, chaplains used not just the frameworks but the methods of healthcare-evidence based research-to try to demonstrate their value. This history can help chaplains and chaplaincy leaders today to form a more comprehensive sense of their history and think more strategically regarding how to make the case for their profession going forward.

Present at the creation: the clinical pastoral movement and the origins of the dialogue between religion and psychiatry.

The contemporary dialogue between religion and psychiatry has its roots in what is called the clinical pastoral movement. The early leaders of the clinical pastoral movement (Anton Boisen, Elwood Worcester, Helen Flanders Dunbar, and Richard Cabot) were individuals of talent, even genius, whose lives and work intersected one another in the early decades of the twentieth century. Their legacy endures in the persons they inspired and continue to inspire and in the professional organizations and academic programs that profit from their pioneering work. To understand them and the era of their greatest productivity is to understand some of what psychiatry and religion have to say to each other. Appreciating their legacy requires attention to the context of historical movements and forces current in America at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century that shaped religious, psychiatric, and cultural discourse. This essay attempts to provide an introduction to this rich and fascinating material. This material was first presented as a Grand Rounds lecture at The New York Presbyterian Hospital, Payne Whitney Westchester in the Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College.

O cotidiano de irmãs enfermeiras num hospital de caridade em Florianópolis na década de 50 / Sisters'everiday life at a Charity Hospital in the fifties

Trata-se de uma pesquisa sóciohistórica, que tem como objetivo retratar as condições de vida e de trabalho das Irmãs da Congregação da Divina Providência que atuaram no Serviço de Enfermagem do Hospital de Caridade, em Florianópolis/SC, durante a década de 50 do século 20. Mostra a submissão, a abnegação e a religiosidade com que as Irmãs se dedicavam à vida e ao trabalho em detrimento de si, com uma espécie de mortificação do seu eu, mas por outro lado, também reflete o poder silencioso das mesmas, manifesto pelo controle enconômico e administrativo do trabalho.