Subject(s)
Chickens/drug effects , Norpregnanes/pharmacology , Oviposition/drug effects , Pregnatrienes/pharmacology , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Diet , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Eggs/analysis , Female , Food Contamination , Hydroxysteroids/administration & dosage , Hydroxysteroids/metabolism , Hydroxysteroids/pharmacology , Ketosteroids/administration & dosage , Ketosteroids/metabolism , Ketosteroids/pharmacology , Norpregnanes/administration & dosage , Norpregnanes/metabolism , Ovum/drug effects , Ovum/physiology , Pregnatrienes/administration & dosage , Pregnatrienes/metabolism , Time Factors , Vitelline Membrane/drug effectsSubject(s)
Chickens/drug effects , Edema/veterinary , Phenols/toxicity , Poultry Diseases/chemically induced , Adipose Tissue/analysis , Aldrin/analysis , Animal Feed/analysis , Animals , Biological Assay , Chromatography, Gas , Dioxins/analysis , Mass Spectrometry , Pentachlorophenol/toxicity , United States , United States Food and Drug AdministrationABSTRACT
One hundred thirty-seven single-conidium isolates of Alternaria longipes were tested for pathogenicity to tobacco leaves and for toxicity to 1-day-old chicks. Of 58 isolates pathogenic to tobacco, 43 (74.3%) had a significant effect on test chicks. Of 79 nonpathogenic isolates, 59 (74.7%) were nontoxic, 7 were toxic, and 13 were lethal. A relationship between pathogenicity and toxicity is suggested.
Subject(s)
Mitosporic Fungi/pathogenicity , Mycotoxins/toxicity , Animals , Chickens/drug effects , Mitosporic Fungi/cytology , Mitosporic Fungi/growth & development , Plant Diseases , Plants, Toxic , Species Specificity , NicotianaSubject(s)
Animal Feed , Chickens/drug effects , Selenium/pharmacology , Animals , Sodium/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Isolates of Aspergillus chevalieri, A. flavus, A. ochraceus, A. repens, and Penicillium funiculosum and complexes of P. citrinum-P. implicatum isolated from moldy pecan meats were toxic to chicks.
Subject(s)
Aspergillus/pathogenicity , Chickens , Food Microbiology , Nuts , Penicillium/pathogenicity , Aflatoxins/analysis , Aflatoxins/biosynthesis , Aflatoxins/toxicity , Animals , Aspergillus/analysis , Aspergillus/isolation & purification , Aspergillus/metabolism , Chickens/drug effects , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Diet , Food Preservation , Nuts/analysis , Ochratoxins/analysis , Ochratoxins/biosynthesis , Ochratoxins/toxicity , Penicillium/analysis , Penicillium/isolation & purification , Penicillium/metabolismSubject(s)
Carbamates/pharmacology , Eggs/analysis , Insecticides/pharmacology , Malathion/pharmacology , Rotenone/pharmacology , Animals , Carbaryl/pharmacology , Chickens/drug effects , Chlordan/pharmacology , DDT/pharmacology , Dieldrin/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Contamination , Drug Synergism , Female , Ovulation , Ovum/drug effects , Pesticide Residues/analysis , Reproduction/drug effectsABSTRACT
Ochratoxins A and B were given to 1-day-old Babcock B-300 cockerels to evaluate acute toxic effects. Two trials with ochratoxin A gave 7-day oral median lethal dose estimates of 116 mug (3.3 mg/kg) and 135 mug (3.9 mg/kg) per chick. Chicks given daily oral doses of 100 mug of ochratoxin A died on the second day. Single subcutaneous doses of 400 mug of ochratoxin A were also lethal. The 7-day oral median lethal dose of B was estimated at 1,890 mug (54 mg/kg) per chick. Chicks given oral doses of 100 mug of ochratoxin B daily for 10 days survived. Sublethal doses of both ochratoxins A and B resulted in growth suppression which was proportional to the amount of ochratoxin given. Visceral gout was the principal gross finding. Microscopic examinations revealed acute nephrosis, hepatic degeneration or focal necrosis, and enteritis. Suppression of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow and depletion of lymphoid elements from the spleen and bursa of Fabricius were frequently seen. Both ochratoxins appeared to have similar pathological effects. This is the first report on the toxicity of ochratoxin B.
