Unveiling the structural properties and induced resistance activity in rice of Chitin/Chitosan-Glucan Complex of Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA inner cell wall.

Phytopathogen cell wall polysaccharides have important physiological functions. In this study, we isolated and characterized the alkali-insoluble residue on the inner layers of the Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA cell wall (RsCW-AIR). Through chemical composition and structural analysis, RsCW-AIR was mainly identified as a complex of chitin/chitosan and glucan (ChCsGC), with glucose and glucosamine were present in a molar ratio of 2.7:1.0. The predominant glycosidic bond linkage of glucan in ChCsGC was ß-1,3-linked Glcp, both the α and ß-polymorphic forms of chitin were presented in it by IR, XRD, and solid-state NMR, and the ChCsGC exhibited a degree of deacetylation measuring 67.08 %. RsCW-AIR pretreatment effectively reduced the incidence of rice sheath blight, and its induced resistance activity in rice was evaluated, such as inducing a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, leading to the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and the up-regulation of SA-related gene expression. The recognition of RsCW-AIR in rice is partially dependent on CERK1.

Fluorescence and Biochemical Assessment of the Chitin and Chitosan Content of Cryptococcus.

The cell wall of the fungal pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii is critical for cell wall integrity and signaling external threats to the cell, allowing it to adapt and grow in a variety of changing environments. Chitin is a polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi that is considered to be essential for fungal survival. Chitosan is a polysaccharide derived from chitin via deacetylation that is also essential for cryptococcal cell wall integrity, fungal pathogenicity, and virulence. Cryptococcus has evolved mechanisms to regulate the amount of chitin and chitosan during growth under laboratory conditions or during mammalian infection. Therefore, levels of chitin and chitosan have been useful phenotypes to define mutant Cryptococcus strains. As a result, we have developed and/or refined various qualitative and quantitative methods for measuring chitin and chitosan. These techniques include those that use fluorescent probes that are known to bind to chitin (e.g., calcofluor white and wheat germ agglutinin), as well as those that preferentially bind to chitosan (e.g., eosin Y and cibacron brilliant red 3B-A). Techniques that enhance the localization and quantification of chitin and chitosan in the cell wall include (i) fluorescence microscopy, (ii) flow cytometry, (iii) and spectrofluorometry. We have also modified two highly selective biochemical methods to measure cellular chitin and chitosan content: the Morgan-Elson and the 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazine hydrochloride (MBTH) assays, respectively.

Isolation and Structure Analysis of Chitin Obtained from Different Developmental Stages of the Mulberry Silkworm (Bombyx mori).

Chitin, a ubiquitous biopolymer, holds paramount scientific and economic significance. Historically, it has been primarily isolated from marine crustaceans. However, the surge in demand for chitin and the burgeoning interest in biopolymers have necessitated the exploration of alternative sources. Among these methods, the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori) has emerged as a particularly intriguing prospect. To isolate chitin from Bombyx mori, a chemical extraction methodology was employed. This process involved a series of meticulously orchestrated steps, including Folch extraction, demineralization, deproteinization, and decolorization. The resultant chitin was subjected to comprehensive analysis utilizing techniques such as attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The obtained results allow us to conclude that the Bombyx mori represents an attractive alternative source of α-chitin.

Design of Inhibitors Targeting Chitin-Degrading Enzymes by Bioisostere Substitutions and Scaffold Hopping for Selective Control of Ostrinia furnacalis.

Chitin-degrading enzymes are critical components in regulating the molting process of the Asian corn borer and serve as potential targets for controlling this destructive pest of maize. Here, we used a scaffold-hopping strategy to design a series of efficient naphthylimide insecticides. Among them, compound 8c exhibited potent inhibition of chitinase from OfChi-h and OfChtI at low nanomolar concentrations (IC50 = 1.51 and 9.21 nM, respectively). Molecular docking simulations suggested that 8c binds to chitinase by mimicking the interaction of chitin oligosaccharide substrates with chitinase. At low ppm concentrations, compound 8c performed comparably to commercial insecticides in controlling the highly destructive plant pest, the Asian corn borer. Tests on a wide range of nontarget organisms indicate that compound 8c has very low toxicity. In addition, the effect of inhibitor treatment on the expression of genes associated with the Asian corn borer chitin-degrading enzymes was further investigated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, our study highlights the potential of 8c as a novel chitinase-targeting insecticide for effective control of the Asian corn borer, providing a promising solution in the quest for sustainable pest management.

Activities of proteases in deep eutectic solvents and removal of protein from chitin by subtilisin A in betaine/glycerol.

This research intended to remove residual protein from chitin with proteases in deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The activities of some proteases in several DESs, including choline chloride/p-toluenesulfonic acid, betaine/glycerol (Bet/G), choline chloride/malic acid, choline chloride/lactic acid, and choline chloride/urea, which are capable of dissolving chitin, were tested, and only in Bet/G some proteases were found to be active, with subtilisin A, ficin, and bromelain showing higher activity than other proteases. However, the latter two proteases caused degradation of chitin molecules. Further investigation revealed that subtilisin A in Bet/G did not exhibit "pH memory", which is a universal characteristic displayed by enzymes dispersed in organic phases, and the catalytic characteristics of subtilisin A in Bet/G differed significantly from those in aqueous phase. The conditions for protein removal from chitin by subtilisin A in Bet/G were determined: Chitin dissolved in Bet/G with 0.5 % subtilisin A (442.0 U/mg, based on the mass of chitin) was hydrolyzed at 45 °C for 30 min. The residual protein content in chitin decreased from 5.75 % ± 0.10 % to 1.01 % ± 0.12 %, improving protein removal by 57.20 % compared with protein removal obtained by Bet/G alone. The crystallinity and deacetylation degrees of chitin remained unchanged after the treatment.

A novel electrochemical sensor based on a Cu-coordinated molecularly imprinted polymer and MoS2 modified chitin-derived carbon for selective detection of dextromethorphan.

Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a widely utilized central antitussive agent, which is frequently abused by individuals seeking its recreational effect. But DXM overdose can cause some adverse effects, including brain damage, loss of consciousness, and cardiac arrhythmias, and hence its detection is significant. Herein, an electrochemical sensor based on a Cu-coordinated molecularly imprinted polymer (Cu-MIP) was fabricated for its detection. For constructing the sensor, nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (CCNs) were prepared through calcining chitin under an argon atmosphere, and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was allowed to grow on their surface. Subsequently, the obtained MoS2/CCNs composite was employed to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and the Cu-MIP was electrodeposited on the electrode in a Cu-1,10-phenanthroline (Cu-Phen) solution containing DXM, where Cu2+ played a role in facilitating electron transfer and binding DXM. Due to the large specific surface area, good electrocatalytic properties and recognition of the resulting composite, the resulting Cu-MIP/MoS2/CCNs/GCE showed high selectivity and sensitivity. Under optimized experimental conditions, the peak current of DXM and its concentration exhibited a good linear relationship over the concentration range of 0.1-100 µM, and the limit of detection (S/N = 3) was 0.02 µM. Furthermore, the electrochemical sensor presented good stability, and it was successfully used for the determination of DXM in pharmaceutical, human serum and urine samples.

Plasma-activated water improves the accessibility of chitinase to chitin by decreasing molecular weight and breaking crystal structure.

Chitooligosaccharides, the hydrolysis products of chitin, have superior biological activities and application value to those of chitin itself; however, the ordered and highly crystalline structure of chitin renders its degradation by chitinase difficult. Herein, the effects of plasma-activated water (PAW) pre-treatment on the physicochemical properties, crystal structure, and enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin were investigated. The hydrolysis of PAW-pre-treated chitin (PAW activation time of 5 min) using chitinase from Vibrio harveyi (VhChit2) yielded 71 % more reducing sugar, compared with that from untreated chitin, with the degree of chitin hydrolysis increasing from 13 % without pre-treatment to 23 % post-treatment. Moreover, the amount of VhChit2 adsorbed by chitin increased from 41.7 to 58.2 mg/g. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry revealed that PAW could break the ß-1,4-glycosidic bonds of chitin (but had no effects on the hydrogen and amido bonds), thereby decreasing the molecular weight and crystallinity of the polysaccharide, which caused its structural damage and enhanced its enzymatic hydrolysis by chitinase. Consequently, PAW pre-treatment can be considered a simple, effective, and environmentally-friendly method for the biotransformation of chitin as its easier hydrolysis yields high-value products.

Exploiting specific properties of squid pens for the preparation of oligochitosan hydrochloride.

Herein, we describe in first the application of squid pens for the preparation of pharmaceutical-grade oligochitosan hydrochloride with the physicochemical characteristics corresponding with the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia. It is shown that the use of specific properties of squid pens as a source of parent chitosan allows preparing the product with a high yield at relatively moderate process conditions used for squid pens treatments and chitosan depolymerization.

Effect of hydrophobic modification of chitin nanocrystals on role as anti-nucleator in the crystallization of poly(ε-caprolactone)/polylactide blend.

Biodegradable polymer blends filled with rod-like polysaccharide nanocrystals have attracted much attention because each component in this type of ternary composites is biodegradable, and the final properties are more easily tailored comparing to those of binary composites. In this work, chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) were used as nanofiller for the biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/polylactide (PLA) immiscible blend to prepare ternary composites for a crystallization study. The results revealed that the crystallization behavior of PCL/PLA blend matrices strongly depended on the surface properties of ChNCs. Non-modified ChNCs and modified ChNCs played completely different roles during crystallization of the ternary systems: the former was inert filler, while the latter acted as anti-nucleator to the PCL phase. This alteration was resulted from the improved ChNC-PCL affinity after modification of ChNCs, which was due to the 'interfacial dilution effect' and the preferential dispersion of ChNCs. This work presents a unique perspective on the nucleation role of ChNCs in the crystallization of immiscible PCL/PLA blends, and opens up a new application scenario for ChNCs as anti-nucleator.

Properties and environmental sustainability of fungal chitin nanofibril reinforced cellulose acetate films and nanofiber mats by solution blow spinning.

Materials from biological origin composed by renewable carbon facilitate the transition from linear carbon-intensive economy to a sustainable circular economy. Accordingly, we use solution blow spinning to develop fully biobased cellulose acetate films and nanofiber mats reinforced with fungal chitin nanofibrils (ChNFs), an emerging bio-colloid with lower carbon footprint compared to crustacean-derived nanochitin. This study incorporates fungal ChNFs into spinning processes for the first time. ChNF addition reduces film surface roughness, modifies film water affinity, and tailors the nanofiber diameter of the mats. The covalently bonded ß-D-glucans of ChNFs act as a binder to improve the interfacial properties and consequently load transference to enhance the mechanical properties. Accordingly, the Young's modulus of the films increases from 200 ± 18 MPa to 359 ± 99 MPa with 1.5 wt% ChNFs, while the elongation at break increases by ~45 %. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is applied to quantify the environmental impacts of solution blow spinning for the first time, providing global warming potential values of 69.7-347.4 kg·CO2-equiv.·kg-1. Additionally, this work highlights the suitability of ChNFs as reinforcing fillers during spinning and proves the reinforcing effect of mushroom-derived chitin in bio-based films, opening alternatives for sustainable materials development beyond nanocelluloses in the near future.

Dynamic microvilli sculpt bristles at nanometric scale.

Organisms generate shapes across size scales. Whereas patterning and morphogenesis of macroscopic tissues has been extensively studied, the principles underlying the formation of micrometric and submicrometric structures remain largely enigmatic. Individual cells of polychaete annelids, so-called chaetoblasts, are associated with the generation of chitinous bristles of highly stereotypic geometry. Here we show that bristle formation requires a chitin-producing enzyme specifically expressed in the chaetoblasts. Chaetoblasts exhibit dynamic cell surfaces with stereotypical patterns of actin-rich microvilli. These microvilli can be matched with internal and external structures of bristles reconstructed from serial block-face electron micrographs. Individual chitin teeth are deposited by microvilli in an extension-disassembly cycle resembling a biological 3D printer. Consistently, pharmacological interference with actin dynamics leads to defects in tooth formation. Our study reveals that both material and shape of bristles are encoded by the same cell, and that microvilli play a role in micro- to submicrometric sculpting of biomaterials.

Exploring the purity of chitin from crustacean sources using deep eutectic solvents: A machine learning approach.

OBJECTIVE: Chitin a natural polymer is abundant in several sources such as shells of crustaceans, mollusks, insects, and fungi. Several possible attempts have been made to recover chitin because of its importance in biomedical applications in various forms such as hydrogel, nanoparticles, nanosheets, nanowires, etc. Among them, deep eutectic solvents have gained much consideration because of their eco-friendly and recyclable nature. However, several factors need to be addressed to obtain a pure form of chitin with a high yield. The development of an innovative system for the production of quality chitin is of prime importance and is still challenging. METHODS: The present study intended to develop a novel and robust approach to investigate chitin purity from various crustacean shell wastes using deep eutectic solvents. This investigation will assist in envisaging the important influencing parameters to obtain a pure form of chitin via a machine learning approach. Different machine learning algorithms have been proposed to model chitin purity by considering the enormous experimental dataset retrieved from previously conducted experiments. Several input variables have been selected to assess chitin purity as the output variable. RESULTS: The statistical criteria of the proposed model have been critically investigated and it was observed that the results indicate XGBoost has the maximum predictive accuracy of 0.95 compared with other selected models. The RMSE and MAE values were also minimal in the XGBoost model. In addition, it revealed better input variables to obtain pure chitin with minimal processing time. CONCLUSION: This study validates that machine learning paves the way for complex problems with substantial datasets and can be an inexpensive and time-saving model for analyzing chitin purity from crustacean shells.

Boosting one-step degradation of shrimp shell waste to produce chitin oligosaccharides at smart nanoscale enzyme reactor with liquid-solid system.

Chitin oligosaccharides (CTOS) possess potential applications in food, medicine, and agriculture. However, lower mass transfer and catalytic efficiency are the main kinetic limitations for the production of CTOS from shrimp shell waste (SSW) and crystalline chitin. Chemical or physical methods are usually used for pretreatment to improve chitinase hydrolysis efficiency, but this is not eco-friendly and cost-effective. To address this challenge, a chitinase nanoreactor with the liquid-solid system (BcChiA1@ZIF-8) was manufactured to boost the one-step degradation of SSW and crystalline chitin. Compared with free enzyme, the catalytic efficiency of BcChiA1@ZIF-8 on colloidal chitin was significantly improved to 142 %. SSW and crystalline chitin can be directly degraded by BcChiA1@ZIF-8 without any pretreatments. The yield of N, N'-diacetylchitobiose [(GlcNAc)2] from SSW and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from crystalline chitin was 2 times and 3.1 times than that of free enzyme, respectively. The reason was that BcChiA1@ZIF-8 with a liquid-solid system enlarged the interface area, increased the collision frequency between enzyme and substrate, and improved the large-substrates binding activity of chitinase. Moreover, the biphasic system exhibited excellent stability, and the design showed universal applicability. This strategy provided novel guidance for other polysaccharide biosynthesis and the conversion of environmental waste into carbohydrates.

Phosphorylated chitin from shrimp shell waste: A robust solution for cadmium remediation.

In this work, chitin (CT) was isolated from shrimp shell waste (SSW) and was then phosphorylated using diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) as a phosphorylating agent in the presence of urea. The prepared samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and EDX-element mapping, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA/DTG), conductometric titration, Degree of Substitution (DS) and contact angle measurements. The results of characterization techniques reveal the successful extraction and phosphorylation of chitin. The charge content of the phosphorylated chitin (P-CT) was 1.510 mmol·kg-1, the degree of substitution of phosphorus groups grafted on the CT surface achieved the value of 0.33. The adsorption mechanisms appeared to involve electrostatic attachment, specific adsorption (CdO or hydroxyl binding), and ion exchange. Regarding the adsorption of Cd2+, the effect of the adsorbent mass, initial concentration of Cd2+, contact time, pH, and temperature were studied in batch experiments, and optimum values for each parameter were identified. The experimental results revealed that P-CT enhanced the Cd2+ removal capacity by 17.5 %. The kinetic analyses favored the pseudo-second-order model over the pseudo-first-order model for describing the adsorption process accurately. Langmuir model aptly represented the adsorption isotherms, suggesting unimolecular layer adsorption with a maximum capacity of 62.71 mg·g-1 under optimal conditions of 30 °C, 120 min, pH 8, and a P-CT dose of 3 g·L-1. Regeneration experiments evidenced that P-CT can be used for 6 cycles without significant removal capacity loss. Consequently, P-CT presents an efficient and cost-effective potential biosorbent for Cd2+ removal in wastewater treatment applications.

Green manufacturing of a hypoxanthine enzyme sensor for fish freshness based on modified nitrocellulose surface with chito-oligosaccharide.

Hypoxanthine (Hx), produced by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism, is a valuable indicator that determines the quality and degradation status of meat products and is also an important biochemical marker to certain diseases such as gout. The rapid emergence of paper-based enzyme biosensors has already revolutionized its on-site determination. But it is still limited by the complex patterning and fabrication, unstable enzyme and uneven coloration. This work aims to develop an eco-friendly method to construct engineered paper microfluidic, which seeks to produce reaction and non-reaction zones without any patterning procedure. Chito-oligosaccharide (COS), derived from shrimp shells, was used to modify nitrocellulose membranes and immobilize xanthine oxidase (XOD) and chromogenic agent of nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT). After modification, micro fluids could converge into the modification area and Hx could be detected by XOD-catalyzed conversion. Due to the positively charged cationic basic properties of COS, the enzyme storage stability and the color homogeneity could be greatly strengthened through the electrostatic attraction between COS and XOD and formazan product. The detection limit (LOD) is 2.30 µM; the linear range is 0.05-0.35 mM; the complete test time can be as short as 5 min. The COS-based biosensor shows high specificity and can be used directly for Hx in complex samples such as fish and shrimp samples, and different broths. This biosensor is eco-friendly, nontechnical, economical and therefore a compelling platform for on-site or home-based detection of food freshness.

Response surface optimization, purification, characterization and short-chain chitooligosaccharides production from an acidic, thermostable chitinase from Thermomyces dupontii.

Chitin, recovered in huge amounts from coastal waste, may biocatalytically valorized for utilization in food and biotech sectors. Conventional chemical-based conversion makes use of significant volumes of hazardous acid and alkali. Alternatively, enzymes offer better process control and generation of homogeneous products. Process variables were derived to achieve augmented levels of chitinase (3.8809 Ul-1 h-1) productivity from a novel thermophilic fungal strain Thermomyces dupontii, ITCC 9104 following incubation (96 h, 45 °C). An acidic thermostable chitinase TdChiT having molecular mass of 60 kDa has been purified. Optimal TdChiT activity has been demonstrated at 70 °C and pH 5. Notably decreased activity over a broad range of temperature and pH was observed following deglycosylation. Half-life, activation energy, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy for denaturation of TdChiT at its optimum temperature were 197.40 min, 105.48 kJ mol-1, 100.59 kJ mol-1, 102.64 kJ mol-1 and 5.95 J mol-1 K-1. TdChiT has specificity towards colloidal chitin and (GlcNAc)2-4. Metal ions viz. Mn2+, Ca2+ and Co2+ and nonionic surfactants notably enhanced chitinase activity. Thin layer chromatography analysis has revealed effective hydrolysis of colloidal chitin and (GlcNAc)2-4. TdChiT may potentially be employed for design of better, eco-friendly and less resource-intensive industrial procedures for upcycling of crustacean waste into value-added organonitrogens.

Tunable Oxidized-Chitin Hydrogels with Customizable Mechanical Properties by Metal or Hydrogen Ion Exposure.

This study focuses on the optimization of chitin oxidation in C6 to carboxylic acid and its use to obtain a hydrogel with tunable resistance. After the optimization, water-soluble crystalline ß-chitin fibrils (ß-chitOx) with a degree of functionalization of 10% were obtained. Diverse reaction conditions were also tested for α-chitin, which showed a lower reactivity and a slower reaction kinetic. After that, a set of hydrogels was synthesized from ß-chitOx 1 wt.% at pH 9, inducing the gelation by sonication. These hydrogels were exposed to different environments, such as different amounts of Ca2+, Na+ or Mg2+ solutions, buffered environments such as pH 9, PBS, pH 5, and pH 1, and pure water. These hydrogels were characterized using rheology, XRPD, SEM, and FT-IR. The notable feature of these hydrogels is their ability to be strengthened through cation chelation, being metal cations or hydrogen ions, with a five- to tenfold increase in their storage modulus (G'). The ions were theorized to alter the hydrogen-bonding network of the polymer and intercalate in chitin's crystal structure along the a-axis. On the other hand, the hydrogel dissolved at pH 9 and pure water. These bio-based tunable hydrogels represent an intriguing material suitable for biomedical applications.

Valorization of Hermetia illucens breeding rejects by chitins and chitosans production. Influence of processes and life cycle on their physicochemical characteristics.

Breeding of the black soldier fly is carried out to produce proteins. It is accompanied by releases during the life cycle of this insect. This work is a study of the valorization of these rejects through the production of chitins and chitosans with controlled characteristics. An extraction process is developed with an order of treatments and reaction conditions that provide chitins with high contents. These contents increase as the stages of the life cycle progress and drop for the adult. However, the exuviae chitins present organic impurities which will be eliminated at the N-deacetylation reaction for pupe and after a purification treatment for chitosan from larval stages. All these chitins have an α structure although certain physicochemical characteristics of the larval exuviae chitins are close to those presented by γ chitin. The observed shifts are linked to the effect of impurities rather than to a difference in structure. N-deacetylation of chitins makes possible the valorization of all rejects by the production of pure chitosans with high yields which retain a porous structure for the exuviae and fibrous for the adult which allow complementary applications. These chitosans are highly to completely deacetylated and their molar masses can vary depending on the process and life stage.

Synthesis of poly(ionic liquid-OH) mediated deacetylated chitin and its hydrogels: A study on their applications in controlled release of paracetamol and urea.

Due to the biodegradable and biocompatible nature of chitin and chitosan, they are extensively used in the synthesis of hydrogels for various applications. In this work, deacetylation of chitin is carried out with alkaline poly(dimethyldiallylammonium-hydroxide) that gave a higher amount of water-soluble chitin (with 84 % of the degree of deacetylation = chitosan0.84) compared to deacetylation using NaOH. The water-soluble chitosan0.84 is used as intercalating chains for the preparation of acrylic acid and vinylimidazole-based hydrogels. The quaternization of imidazole groups is done with 1,ω-dibromoalkanes, which sets off the crosslinking in the above polymer network. A set of three chitosan0.84 intercalated hydrogels, namely Cs-C4-hydrogel, Cs-C5-hydrogel, and Cs-C10-hydrogel are prepared bearing butyl, pentyl, and decyl chains as respective crosslinkers. The swell ratios of these intercalated hydrogels are compared with those of non-intercalated hydrogels (C4-hydrogel, C5-hydrogel, and C10-hydrogel). Chitosan0.84 intercalated Cs-C10-hydrogel has excellent swelling properties (2330 % swelling ratio) among six synthesized hydrogels. SEM analysis reveals that decyl crosslinker-bearing hydrogels are highly porous. The multi-functionality of Cs-C10-hydrogel and C10-hydrogel is explored towards -the controlled release of paracetamol/urea, and methyleneblue dye absorption. These studies disclose that chitosan0.84 intercalated hydrogels are showing superior-swelling behavior, high paracetamol/urea loading capacities and better dye entrapment than their non-intercalated counterparts.

Modulating intestinal health: Impact of chitooligosaccharide molecular weight on suppressing RAGE expression and inflammatory response in methylglyoxal-induced advanced glycation end-products.

The accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO) produced in high-temperature processed foods and excessive production in the body contributes to intestinal barrier dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the effects of chitooligosaccharides (COSs) of different molecular weights (<1 kDa, 1-3 kDa, 3-5 kDa, 5-10 kDa, and >10 kDa) on MGO-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. We investigated the effect of COSs on inhibiting intracellular MGO accumulation/MGO-derived AGEs production and regulating the receptor for AGE (RAGE)-mediated downstream protein expression, including proteins related to apoptosis and inflammation, intestinal barrier integrity, and paracellular permeability. Pretreatment with COSs ameliorated MGO-induced increased RAGE protein expression, activation of apoptotic cascade/inflammatory response, loss of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, and increased paracellular permeability, ameliorating intestinal dysfunction through MGO scavenging. 1-3 kDa COSs most effectively ameliorated MGO-induced intestinal dysfunction. Our results suggest the potential of COSs in improving intestinal health by ameliorating intestinal barrier dysfunction by acting as an MGO scavenger and highlighting the need for the optimization of the molecular weight of COSs to optimize its protective effects.