ABSTRACT
After birth, an alpaca cria was noticed to exhibit weakness and respiratory distress, particularly when attempting to suckle milk from the dam's udder. Clinical findings indicated the presence of bilateral choanal atresia and the animal was subsequently euthanised. A computed tomography scan and a pathological examination were performed to describe the malformation in detail. Choanal atresia is a common malformation in neonatal South American camelids, surgical treatment is not recommended. This case report provides an overview of the clinical findings as well as the results of imaging and pathologic examinations and may help to raise awareness of this malformation for early recognition.
Subject(s)
Camelids, New World , Choanal Atresia , Animals , Camelids, New World/abnormalities , Choanal Atresia/veterinary , Choanal Atresia/diagnosis , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Female , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/veterinary , Animals, Newborn/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
The case of a female patient who was born with proboscis lateralis, choanal atresia, and telecanthus is submitted. A report is made on the initial management of this patient, the clinical follow-up that has been carried out so far, and a review of the literature is conducted, taking into account the limited information found in this specific pathology, in order to contribute to its diagnostic orientation and treatment from a plastic and craniofacial surgery point of view.
Subject(s)
Choanal Atresia , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Humans , Female , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Choanal Atresia/surgery , Craniofacial Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgeryABSTRACT
Bilateral choanal atresia (CA) is a congenital anomaly consisting of an imperforated choana that leads to newborn fatalities but, if unilateral, may go unnoticed for many years. Bilateral CA occurring without significant symptoms and remaining undiagnosed for many years is rare. This case report identifies an adolescent male with bilateral CA who remained undiagnosed till adolescence. The patient presented with isolated complaints of chronic nasal obstruction and discharge and was diagnosed with bilateral CA by endoscopic and radiological evaluation. The patient underwent a coblation-assisted endoscopic CA repair, with a crossover mucoperiosteal flap technique, without stenting and with a successful outcome.
Subject(s)
Choanal Atresia , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Male , Adolescent , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Choanal Atresia/surgery , Delayed Diagnosis , Nose , Endoscopy/methods , Treatment Outcome , StentsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Very few studies have investigated whether unilateral choanal atresia is associated with permanent olfactory deficits. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the olfactory performance of patients with unilateral choanal atresia postsurgically. METHODS: Three patients with unilateral atresia were examined in terms of olfactory performance with the Sniffin' Sticks test (odor identification, threshold, and discrimination), size of the olfactory bulb, and volumetric brain changes. RESULTS: All patients demonstrated significantly lower olfactory performance in terms of odor threshold on the same side with the choanal atresia. Grey matter reductions were found ipsilaterally in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study indicates that persistent olfactory deficits and volumetric brain changes are present in patients with unilateral choanal atresia.
Subject(s)
Choanal Atresia , Olfaction Disorders , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Choanal Atresia/complications , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Choanal Atresia/surgery , Humans , Olfaction Disorders/etiology , Pilot Projects , SmellABSTRACT
La atresia de coana es una rara malformación congénita improbable de encontrar de forma bilateral en un adolescente o adulto. Hasta la fecha, no se ha descrito ningún caso de atresia bilateral en un adulto con una malformación asociada de cabeza y cuello que haya requerido tratamiento conjunto. El tratamiento de elección de la atresia de coana bilateral continúa siendo la cirugía endoscópica, con controversia en el uso intraoperatorio de mitomicina o la colocación de stents para evitar estenosis. Lo que no está claro es el orden de tratamiento y la simultaneidad del procedimiento si se asocian otras posibles patologías que tengan una indicación quirúrgica. Presentamos un caso clínico que cumple con todos estos requisitos.
Choanal atresia is a rare congenital malformation that is unlikely to be found bilaterally and is seldom diagnosed in adulthood. To date, no clinical case of bilateral atresia has been described with a head and neck malformation that requires surgical treatment in an adult. The preferred treatment is still endoscopic sinonasal surgery with discrepancies of the use or not of intraoperative topical mitomycin or the placement of stents to avoid restenosis. What is not clear is the order of treatment and simultaneity of the procedure with other possible associated pathologies that have a surgical indication. We present a clinical case that meets all these requirements.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Choanal Atresia/surgery , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Stents , Mitomycin/therapeutic use , Endoscopy/methods , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic useABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Accessory nostril or supernumerary nostril is one of the rare congenital deformities of the nose. The first case was reported by Lindsay B (1906),1 since then 42 cases have been reported in the literature. There is no uniform surgical approach to treat this anomaly. The authors present a child with left side accessory nostril with bilateral choanal atresia and describe our surgical approach.
Subject(s)
Choanal Atresia , Child , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Choanal Atresia/surgery , Humans , Nose/surgeryABSTRACT
We present a case of a 2-month-old patient with CHARGE syndrome, cerebral haemorrhage and bilateral congenital choanal atresia (CCA). He was admitted to our otorhinolaryngology unit to solve his congenital bilateral choanal atresia proposing a transnasal endoscopic surgery. A study of CT of the skull showed that the air column was interrupted on both sides of nasal cavities; a nasal endoscopy with neonatology flexible optics showed the presence of a membrane and bony structure obstructing the passage into the nasopharynx. Preoperative brain magnetic resonance (MRN) has been made. We decided to carry out a transnasal endoscopic neuronavigation approach with multi-flaps without stenting apposition to solve the CCA, using a 0° 2.7-millimetre rigid endoscopic and Skeeter-type drill with a 2.3-millimetre microblade cutter. Postoperative nasal care was essential to avoid recurrences. Endoscopic follow-up was performed; a large uni-neochoane was residual at 3 months, all raw surfaces were covered by multiple mucosal flaps welded with fibrin.
Subject(s)
Choanal Atresia , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Choanal Atresia/surgery , Endoscopy , Humans , Infant , Male , Nasal Cavity , Nose , Stents , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Choanal Atresia , Adult , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Choanal Atresia/surgery , Endoscopy , Female , Humans , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
According to literature, the average age of children with unilateral atresia of the choan is six years nine months. Unilateral complete atresia of the choan makes it difficult to diagnose early: the initial diagnosis can be established in the second year of life and later, already at school age. In Russian and foreign literature in recent years, cases of diagnosing congenital atresia of choanomas in older children are known, the maximum age of children is 17-18 years, it is noted that such cases are very rare. The article describes the case of congenital unilateral complete bone atresia of the choan in a woman of 30 years. The patient underwent a complete otorhinolaryngological examination and endoscopic choanotomy with the installation of a silicone stent in the hole formed.
Subject(s)
Choanal Atresia , Adolescent , Adult , Bone and Bones , Child , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Choanal Atresia/surgery , Endoscopy , Female , Humans , Nasopharynx , RussiaABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Choanal atresia is the most common congenital malformation of the nose. Materials and Methods: We have evaluated 24 CT images of children with choanal atresia treated at the Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology FM CU and the NICD Bratislava (Slovakia). In accordance with the methodology used by Slovis et al. (1985), we have measured parameters related to anomalous development in the nasal cavity: vomer width, the width of soft atresia and the width of the air space of unilaterally developed choana. Results: In the group of 24 patients, 11 (46%) were male and 13 (54%) were female. The age of patients at the time of CT imaging varied. Associated syndromes had been manifested in 11 (46%) children, with 7 (29%) patients having CHARGE syndrome. In 13 (54%) cases it was a bone membranous type of atresia, in 8 (33%) cases a membranous type, and in 3 (13%) patients a bone type. Among the group of patients, unilateral disorder was present in 13 (54%) patients and bilateral in 11 (46%). Based on the Pearson's correlation test, we have found in the studied group that the width of the vomer correlates with age, and the vomer is wider in bone atresia than in the membranous ones. Based on determining the average vomer's width within the age groups 0-8 and >8-20, compared to the standard widths, we found that the vomer's widths reached the upper limits of the standard ±2 SD (cm) or even exceeded that limit. The same applies to the width in soft choanal atresia. On the other hand, the width of the developed choana in the case of unilateral atresia is almost standard. Conclusions: The above findings are the basis for selecting the appropriate type of surgery. Currently, the gold standard is the endoscopic fenestration. associated with posterior septotomy.
Subject(s)
Choanal Atresia , Nasal Cavity , Child , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Choanal Atresia/surgery , Endoscopy , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Nasal Cavity/diagnostic imaging , Nose , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We hypothesized that the ontogeny of unilateral isolated choanal atresia involves a field defect manifesting as ipsilateral mandibular condylar hypoplasia. The topic is important because the mechanism of the unilateral isolated choanal atresia is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective self-controlled case series. We included 20 patients (2 males and 18 females, ages 2 weeks to 13 years) with unilateral isolated non-syndromic choanal atresia. We studied their high-resolution computed tomographic scans. Two otolaryngologists measured the largest cross-sectional area of the mandibular condyle in the axial plane perpendicular to the posterior border of each mandibular ramus independently. Statistical significance and inter-rater agreement were calculated with paired Wilcoxon rank sum test and Spearman's non-parametric correlation coefficient respectively. RESULTS: Cross-sectional areas of the condyles ipsilateral to the choanal atresia were not statistically different than those of the contralateral condyle (P = 0.27). Inter-observer agreement of condyle areas was excellent: Spearman's r = 0.85 on the right and r = 0.94 on the left. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of children with the rarity of isolated non-syndromic unilateral congenital choanal atresia, no associated mandibular condyle hypoplasia was found. The data suggest that the underlying ontogeny was unlikely attributable to a field defect.
Subject(s)
Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Choanal Atresia/etiology , Mandibular Condyle/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Mandibular Condyle/abnormalities , Mandibular Condyle/pathology , Nasal Cavity/abnormalities , Nasal Cavity/diagnostic imaging , Nasopharynx/abnormalities , Nasopharynx/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/methods , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Choanal Atresia/therapy , Endoscopy/methods , Nasal Surgical Procedures/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hospitals, Pediatric , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Lasers , Male , Mitomycin , Otolaryngology , Recurrence , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Solitary median maxillary central incisor syndrome (SMMCI) is a rare congenital oronasal-dental midline anomaly. The aim of this paper is a presentation of a patient with SMMCI without other visible dentofacial anomalies, with a potentially new molecular etiology consisting of a gene-gene reaction and conservative therapeutic approach to nasal obstruction. Potentially pathogenic variants in the SMO gene (p.Gly422Glu) and in P2RY13 gene (p.Trp205*) inherited from the probant's father, and in the PLD2 gene (p.Gln319fs), inherited from the mother were found. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for the management of patients with SMMCI, including a genetic consultation with genetic tests.
Subject(s)
Anodontia/genetics , Choanal Atresia/genetics , Incisor/abnormalities , Phospholipase D/genetics , Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics , Smoothened Receptor/genetics , Anodontia/diagnosis , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Choanal Atresia/surgery , Cisterna Magna/abnormalities , Cisterna Magna/diagnostic imaging , Hedgehog Proteins/genetics , Heterozygote , Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Infant, Newborn , Male , Palate, Hard/abnormalities , Phenotype , Signal Transduction , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
This article presents the literature data and our own findings on the surgical treatment congenital atresia of the choanae (CAC) in children. AIM: To find the causes of restenosis after a choanotomy in children with CAC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 144 children with the use of an endoscopic transnasal technique (n=94) and without using endoscopy (n=67). In patients with signs of restenosis, endoscopic revision of the choanal opening, computed tomography results clarifying the anatomy of the abnormal zone, anamnestic data, and the presence of concomitant pathology were assessed. RESULTS: The primary causes of the recurrence of the CAC are the concomitant anatomical features of the structure of the choanal zone, insufficient period of protector insertion in the postoperative period, and surgical intervention without visual control. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic transnasal choanotomy with intraoperative rhino- and epipharingoscopic imaging, which is performed taking the individual characteristics of the anatomy of the anomalous zone into account, is the most optimal surgical procedure in pediatric patients. In combination with the use of a protector with a distal extended zone, high efficiency and rarity of restenosis are achieved.
Subject(s)
Choanal Atresia , Child , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Choanal Atresia/surgery , Constriction, Pathologic , Endoscopy , Humans , Nose , Stents , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Aorta, Thoracic/abnormalities , Brachiocephalic Trunk/abnormalities , Choanal Atresia/complications , Ductus Arteriosus/abnormalities , Vascular Malformations/complications , Aorta, Thoracic/diagnostic imaging , Aorta, Thoracic/surgery , Brachiocephalic Trunk/diagnostic imaging , Brachiocephalic Trunk/surgery , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Choanal Atresia/surgery , Ductus Arteriosus/diagnostic imaging , Ductus Arteriosus/surgery , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Malformations/diagnostic imaging , Vascular Malformations/surgeryABSTRACT
Congenital nasal deformities can cause nasal obstruction with early respiratory distress. Choanal atresia is characterized by no communication between the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Pyriform aperture stenosis involves more anterior nasal obstruction with limited intranasal space. Nasal masses such as encephaloceles, gliomas, and dermoids are thought to be related through a skull base defect in utero. Imaging with computed tomography and MRI are helpful in distinguishing lesions and identifying intracranial communication. Nasolacrimal duct cysts can get infected and cause obstruction. Nasal septal deviation can be corrected at bedside if detected early. Evaluation and treatment are discussed with all these entities.
Subject(s)
Choanal Atresia/surgery , Nasal Obstruction/diagnostic imaging , Nasal Septum/abnormalities , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Male , Nasal Obstruction/surgery , Nasal Septum/surgery , Nose Neoplasms/congenital , Nose Neoplasms/pathology , Nose Neoplasms/surgery , Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Respiratory System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Respiratory System Abnormalities/epidemiology , Respiratory System Abnormalities/surgery , Risk Assessment , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Choanal atresia is a rare malformation that represents a special challenge. While bilateral choanal atresia usually needs to be surgically treated within a few days of birth, the intervention for one-sided choanal atresia can be postponed for years. Treatment planning requires adequate imaging (CT or MRI), which also serves to exclude other skull base malformities. Surgical treatment currently focuses on transnasal endoscopic techniques. Simultaneous resection of the parts of the vomer involved in the atresia seems to be important surgical success. Postoperative stenting is still controversially discussed. Postoperative application of corticosteroid nasal sprays and saline nasal rinsing for several weeks is of great importance. Due to the rarity of the diagnosis, the absence of prospective randomized controlled trials does not allow definitive statements regarding the optimal surgical technique or stenting.
Subject(s)
Choanal Atresia , Choanal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Choanal Atresia/therapy , Endoscopy , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prospective Studies , StentsABSTRACT
We present a case series of early second-trimester prenatal ultrasound (US) features in 4 fetuses with a confirmed diagnosis of choanal atresia. The clinical characteristics and outcomes evaluated included prenatal US findings, genetic analyses, postmortem autopsies (2 cases), and computed tomographic findings. A transient large nasal cavity was detected by US in all 4 fetuses. This finding disappeared a few weeks later. Three cases were unilateral choanal atresia, and 1 was bilateral. Transient enlargement of the nasal cavity in early pregnancy appears to be a US sign of choanal atresia.