Two-stage test of means of unordered pairs.

The problem of testing equality of means of a bivariate normal distribution on the basis of a sample of size n has been considered when the labels of the observations are either missing or not known. The problem may arise in many applied settings, especially in genetics. Classical likelihood ratio test fails here because of identifiability problems. We propose a two-stage testing procedure using a recently developed test in the context of penalized splines. The proposed testing procedure is found to outperform the tests proposed in the literature. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A confirmation analysis method for identification of chromosomal fragile sites.

Fragile sites are chromosome bands that do not manifest a presumed breakage pattern. Identification of fragile sites is a way to investigate the mechanism of carcinogenesis because the fragility at a specific chromosome position may be the causation of an associated cancer. A problem in the identification of fragile sites is the high false positive rate arising from simultaneously carrying out a large number of significance tests. To control it, we propose to find a reference study to confirm the identification result of an objective study. We utilize the Bayesian concept for linking two studies. Basically, our method demonstrates a conservative way to take account of the prior information of a binomial parameter. The derived estimate of breakage probability can be interpreted as a resampling weighted sample-pooling method. It is applied to confirm the identification of fragile sites for a data set of neuroblastoma patients.

[The detection of stable and unstable markers of radiation action in persons with a history of chronic irradiation using the methods of routine and differentiated staining of metaphase chromosomes]. / Vyiavlennia stabil'nykh ta nestabil'nykh markeriv radiatsiinoï diï u osib, shcho zaznaiut' khronichnoho oprominennia, za dopomohoiu metodiv rutynnoho ta dyferentsiinoho zabarvlen' metafaznykh khromosom.

A comparative cytogenetic observation of a group from Chernobyl NPP personnel has been carried out using conventional and G-banding staining. Detection rate of stable aberration by conventional staining to G-banding was 0.20.

[The incidence of chromosome aberrations in the post-Chernobyl period in persons who reside in the city of Kyïv]. / Chastota khromosomnykh aberatsii v pisliachornobyl's'kyi period u osib, iaki meshkaiut' u m. Kyievi.

A comparative cytogenetic examination of 10 healthy persons in the age of 24-56 years old living in Kyïv with no known the occupational or medical exposure to clastogens has been carried out using conventional and G-banding staining. The cytogenetic effect revealed by conventional staining was in the background range. New data about the level of symmetrical and asymmetrical exchanges of chromosomes from unexposed individuals were established using G-banding staining. They composed 0.67 +/- 0.32 and 0.19 +/- 0.17 per 100 cells, respectively.

[The dependence of the frequency of stable and unstable chromosome aberrations on the dose of the irradiation of human lymphocytes in vitro]. / Zavisimost' chastoty stabil'nykh i nestabil'nykh aberratsii khromosom ot dozy oblucheniia limfotsitov cheloveka in vitro.

Two methods (FISH and Giemsa) were used to estimate the frequency of stable and unstable chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes exposed to gamma-irradiation in vitro in the dose range of 0.1 to 1.5 Gy. The DNA-probes specific to the chromosomes 1, 4, and 12 were used in combination with a pancentromeric probe. It was revealed that the dose-effect dependences for translocations (FISH) and dicentrics (FISH and Giemsa) were similar and could be adequately described by a linear-quadratic function.

[Disorders in the synchronism of homologous chromosome condensation in women with a predisposed familial anamnesis]. / Porushennia synkhronnosti kondensatsiï homolohichnykh khromosom u zhinok z obtiazhenym simeinym anamnezom.

The automatic program for cytogenetic investigations of differentially stained chromosomes was developed and used in practice. The high sensitive criterium for automatic selection of persons who has the early symptoms of karyotype instability was created. We performed the cytogenetic analysis in the women who has a burdened obstetric anamnesis after the exposure to radiation in Pripyat, in the group of healthy women from Kiev, and began the creation of computerized data bank of differentially stained human chromosomes.

Analise citogenetica relacionada a idade e ao tratamento com drogas em macrofagos peritoneais e celulas da medula ossea de camundongos femeas Swiss hiperimunes intactos ou ooforectomizados / Citogenetic studies relationships to age and to tretment with drugs in peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow cells in the intact and ovarectomized female mouse Swiss hiperimunes

Estudos citogeneticos relacionados com a idade em camundongos Swiss femeas hiperimunes intactos mostraram aumento da frequencia de macrofgos peritoneais com alteracoes cromossomicas estruturais aos 6 meses e aumento progressivo da frequencia de macrofagos hiperdiploides dos 6 aos 15 meses de idade. Nos animais ooferectomizados, os macrofagos apresentaram estes aumentos aos 2 meses, 30 dias apos a ooferectomia, e dos 6 aos 18 meses, respectivamente. Os resultados evidenciam uma relacao entre alteracoes hormonais e aberracoes cromossomicas nos macrofagos peritoneais. Estas aberracoes cromossomicas nao foram observadas em celulas da medula ossea dos animais intactos e dos ooferectomizados, sugerindo respostas diferentes nos macrofagos peritoneais e seus precurssores na medula ossea.Os antioxidantes acido ascorbico e alfa-tocoferol protegeram os macrofagos peritoneais de camundongos ooforectomizados das aberracoes cromossomicas estruturais, evidenciando papel dos radicais livres no aparecimento das mesmas. Considerando que os estrogenos têm acao antioxidante na peroxidacao lipidica, que o tocoferol é um captador de radicais lipofilicos e que o ácido ascórbico pode ser um regenarador do tocoferol, é provável que as quebras verificadas nos cromossomos dos macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos ooforectomizados resultam de peridoxidacao lipidica. O metotrexato mostrou efeito sinergico com a ooforectomia em relacäo ás alteracöes cromossômicas, e teve este efeito parcialmente suprimido pelo ácido ascórbico, tanto nos animais intactos, como nos ooferectomizados, sugerindo que, além da inibicäo de reparo de DNA, a droga tenha possível acäo através dos radicais livres. O benzonidazol provocou um grande número de delecöes, sobretudo nos macrófagos peritoneais de animais ooferectomizados. Seu efeito foi antagonizado, em grande proporcäo, pelo tocoferol, o que corrobora os dados da literatura em relacäo á atuacäo do benzonidazol através da formacäo de radicais livres. Por serem mais suscetíveis ás alteracöes hormonais e aos tratamentos com drogas que as celulas da medula óssea, conclui-se que os macrófagos säo adequados para estudos dos fenômenos ligados ao envelhecimento, dos mecanismos de inducäo de aberracöes cromossomicas, dos efeitos de drogas e seu modo de acäo, constituindo, assim, importante modelo para investigacöes em citogenetica