Cuidados paliativos para dor originada da doença mineral óssea da insuficiência renal crônica / Los cuidados paliativos para el dolor proveniente de la enfermedad ósea en la insuficiencia renal crónica / Palliative care for pain originated from the bone mineral disease of chronic renal failure

Objective: Identifying which effective palliative cares to the minimization of pain are used in household levelby patients with Mineral and bone Disease of Chronic Kidney Disease. Method: a descriptive research, of cross-sectional and quantitative approach and held in a hemodialysis clinic in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. The data collection occurred from December 2011 to January 2012, using a semi-structured questionnaire with 35 patients. Results: the patients had painful process damaging the quality of life and mostly used at home oral analgesics and anti-inflammatories, cold compress and resting place. Conclusion: due to the good efficiency of non-medicated palliative care, we propose, in this study, the use of rest and cold compresses as a choice of primary care, relegating to conduct drug as secondary or supporting options.

Objetivo: Identificar quais os cuidados paliativos que são eficazes à minimização da dor que são utilizados, em nível domiciliar, por pacientes portadores de Doença Mineral e Óssea da Doença Renal Crônica. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa e transversal, realizada em uma clínica de hemodiálise na cidade de Natal-RN. A coleta de dados ocorreu de dezembro de 2011 a janeiro de 2012, utilizando um questionário semiestruturado com 35 pacientes. Resultados:Os pacientes apresentaram processo doloroso prejudicial à qualidade de vida e,em maioria, utilizam em domicílio medicações analgésicas e anti-inflamatórias orais, compressa fria local e repouso. Conclusão: Devido à boa eficiência dos cuidados paliativos não medicamentosos, propomos, nestes estudos, a utilização do repouso e compressas frias como escolha de cuidado primário, relegando às condutas medicamentosas como opções secundárias ou coadjuvantes.

Objetivo: Determinar cuales los cuidados paliativos que son eficaces para reducir al mínimo el dolor que se utilizan en domicilio, por los pacientes con enfermedades óseas e minerales de la Enfermedad Renal Crónica. Método: Una investigación descriptiva, con enfoque cuantitativo y transversal, realizada en una clínica de hemodiálisis en la ciudad de Natal, Río Grande do Norte. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir de diciembre de 2011 hasta enero de 2012, mediante un cuestionario semi-estructurado con 35 pacientes. Resultados: Los pacientes presentaron un doloroso proceso dañoso a la calidad de vida y se utilizan, principalmente, en casa analgésicos orales y antiinflamatorios, compresas frías y descanso. Conclusión: Debido a la gran eficacia de los cuidados paliativos no medicamentosos, se propone, en este estudio, el uso de descanso y compresas frías para elegir la atención primaria, relegando a cabo las drogas como opciones secundarias o de apoyo.

Calcificaciones metastásicas en un paciente con insuficiencia renal crónica en diálisis peritoneal / Metastatic calcification in a chronic kidney failure patient on peritoneal dialysis

La enfermedad renal crónica implica un proceso irreversible en la reducción del funcionamiento del tejido renal por lo que la ha llevado a ser un problema de carácter epidémico, donde las complicaciones son devastadoras para la calidad de vida en el paciente, dentro de éstas destacan las calcificaciones metastásicas que se producen por la retención de fósforo, disminución de los niveles de calcio y aumento de la paratohormona. El tratamiento mas adecuado es la paratiroidectomia subtotal con autoimplante, donde la sintomatología y la progresión de las alteraciones del metabolismo mineral se reduce y mejora el estado general del paciente. Se presenta un caso clínico de una paciente en diálisis peritoneal, con diagnóstico de calcificación metastásica abdominal, a la cual se le realiza una paratiroidectomia - subtotal con autoimplante, donde se observó una buena respuesta con disminución de la calcificación en forma progresiva. Al evaluar el caso clínico proponemos como enfermeras especialistas en el cuidado del paciente renal, establecer en los centros de diálisis un control semestral por enfermera, independiente de las sesiones de diálisis, donde podamos pesquisar con mayor privacidad y autonomía, las necesidades particulares de cada uno de estos pacientes contribuyendo precozmente a una mejor adherencia al tratamiento y retardo progresivo de las complicaciones propias de esta enfermedad (AU)

Nutritional education for the management of osteodystrophy (nemo) in patients on haemodialysis: a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of self-management dietary counselling (SMDC) on adherence to dietary management of hyperphosphatemia among haemodialysis patients. DESIGN: An eight-week cluster based randomised control trial. PARTICIPANTS: 122 stable adult patients were recruited from an HD unit in Sidon, Lebanon. Study groups were: full intervention (A) (n = 41), partial intervention (B) (n = 41) and control (C) (n = 40). INTERVENTION: Group (A) received SMDC, Group (B) received educational games only and Group (C) did not receive any research intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum phosphorus (P), Calcium Phosphate product (Ca × P) and two questionnaires: patient knowledge (PK) and dietary non-adherence (PDnA) to P reduced diet. RESULTS: Group A experienced a significant improvement in mean (± SD) P (6.54 ± 2.05 - 5.4 ± 1.97 mg/dl), Ca × P (58 ± 17 - 49 ± 12), PK scores (50 ± 17 - 69 ± 25%) and PDnA scores (21.4 ± 4.0 - 18.3 ± 2.0). Group B experienced a significant improvement in Ca × P (52 ± 14-45 ± 16). Group C did not experience any significant change post intervention. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate the importance of patient-tailored counselling on serum P management.

The association of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder and cardiovascular risk.

Chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a multifaceted definition used to help describe the systemic derangement of mineral bone metabolism in renal disease. This was previously referred to, rather simplistically, as 'renal osteodystrophy' or 'renal bone disease'. In this review, we will try to show the evidence relating these factors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and give some evidence as to the mechanisms for this. The treatments used for this condition are also integral to the increased cardiovascular mortality seen in renal patients and a summary of these effects will also be covered.

Patient education: renal osteodystrophy and adequacy of dialysis.

At The Kidney Center of Delaware County in Southeastern Pennsylvania, tools were developed that address adequacy of dialysis and renal osteodystrophy. Team members use the tools to provide quality care and education of patients. In this article, the tools, their use, and their benefits, are discussed.

Calcitriol injection for the management of renal osteodystrophy.

The introduction of synthetically produced calcitriol in the early 1970s was an important contribution to the prevention and treatment of renal bone disease. However, despite the efficacy and the availability of oral calcitriol many dialysis patients continued to develop secondary hyperparathyroidism (Norris, 1991). Effective treatment was often impossible in patients with osteitis fibrosa because even low oral doses of calcitriol could cause hypercalcemia (Andress, Norris, Coburn, Slatopolsky, & Sherrad, 1989). From 1981 to the present, numerous studies have been conducted that have demonstrated intravenous calcitriol as being more effective and having several advantages over the oral route of administration, particularly in patients with poor compliance and those with a tendency to develop hypercalcemia.