ABSTRACT
Pediculosis (capitis, corporis, and pubis) share well-known features: worldwide prevalence (involving millions of people annually); parasites inducing skin lesions directly, and indirectly as a result of itching and hypersensitivity to parasites; and treatment based on good entomological knowledge of the parasite and practical considerations (ie, most available treatments do not act on eggs and should be repeated, depending on the life cycle of the parasites). Infestations are spread most commonly by close contacts. Social stigma and persistent misconceptions complicate the implementation of appropriate management strategies. Head and pubic lice infestations are diagnosed by the visualization of insects or viable nits (eggs). Primary treatments are topical pediculicides (permethrin or malathion), used twice, but emergence of resistance against pediculicides has created the need of alternative treatments including topical or oral ivermectin. Pubic lice are treated the same as head lice, but this finding should prompt evaluation for other sexually transmitted diseases. Body lice infestation should be suspected when symptoms of generalized itching occur in persons who do not change or wash their clothing or bedding regularly; lice may be found in the seams of their clothing.Topically administered permethrin may help to eradicate body lice, but personal hygiene measures are essential for successful treatment. Environmental treatment is also necessary for the eradication of the infestation. Health care personnel who come into contact with this population need to be well informed of the facts in order to disseminate accurate information for diagnosis and management.
Subject(s)
Lice Infestations/diagnosis , Animals , Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium/adverse effects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Resistance , Hexachlorocyclohexane/adverse effects , Hexachlorocyclohexane/therapeutic use , Humans , Insecticides/adverse effects , Insecticides/therapeutic use , Ivermectin/adverse effects , Ivermectin/therapeutic use , Lice Infestations/drug therapy , Lice Infestations/epidemiology , Lice Infestations/transmission , Malathion/adverse effects , Malathion/therapeutic use , Pediculus/anatomy & histology , Permethrin/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Pyrethrum has been reported to produce allergic contact dermatitis in humans. Moreover, it has been speculated that cross reactions occur in ragweed-sensitized people. This review presents the botany, contemporary chemistry, and case reports of alleged allergic contact dermatitis. Our interpretation suggests that the evidence presented in literature does not show that allergic contact dermatitis results from exposure to pyrethrum. Similarly, the data do not suggest cross reactions in ragweed-sensitized people. Changes in the chemical composition of the refined pyrethrins suggest the putative sensitizer is present at a lower level in today's refined extracts than in ground pyrethrum flowers or the extracts used earlier.
Subject(s)
Allergens/adverse effects , Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium/adverse effects , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology , Evidence-Based Medicine , Female , Humans , Male , Patch Tests , Pesticides/adverse effects , Pesticides/chemistry , Pesticides/immunology , Pyrethrins/adverse effects , Pyrethrins/chemistry , Pyrethrins/immunologyABSTRACT
Son frecuentes las publicaciones de dermatitis de contacto por plantas de la familia de las Compositae, pero la paciente motivo de la publicación presento una sintomatologia muy amplia y variada con la particularidad de que su eccema de contacto alérgico fue la primera manifestación de su variada sintomatologia , antecediendo en dos años a la conjuntivitis, rinitis y a las crisis asmáticas y diarrea (AU)
