Subject(s)
Cinnamates/toxicity , Monoterpenes/toxicity , Mutagens/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , Monoterpenes/classification , Monoterpenes/pharmacokinetics , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutagens/classification , Mutagens/pharmacokinetics , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Skin AbsorptionABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of isoamyl cinnamate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates/toxicity , Pentanes/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Animals , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Humans , Irritants/classification , Irritants/pharmacokinetics , Irritants/toxicity , Pentanes/classification , Pentanes/pharmacokinetics , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin Tests , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
An evaluation and review of a structurally related group of fragrance materials.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Propanols/toxicity , Skin/drug effects , Administration, Cutaneous , Allergens/classification , Allergens/pharmacokinetics , Allergens/toxicity , Animals , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Esters , Humans , Noxae/classification , Noxae/pharmacokinetics , Noxae/toxicity , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Propanols/classification , Propanols/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/metabolism , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin Tests , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of cinnamyl isobutyrate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Animals , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Humans , Irritants/classification , Irritants/pharmacokinetics , Irritants/toxicity , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin Tests , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of cinnamyl benzoate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Benzoates/toxicity , Cinnamates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Animals , Benzoates/classification , Benzoates/pharmacokinetics , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Humans , Irritants/classification , Irritants/pharmacokinetics , Irritants/toxicity , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin Tests , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of isobutyl cinnamate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Animals , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Humans , Irritants/classification , Irritants/pharmacokinetics , Irritants/toxicity , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin Tests , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of isopropyl cinnamate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Animals , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Humans , Irritants/classification , Irritants/pharmacokinetics , Irritants/toxicity , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin Tests , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of alpha-methylcinnamic alcohol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Butanols/toxicity , Cinnamates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Animals , Butanols/classification , Butanols/pharmacokinetics , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Humans , Irritants/classification , Irritants/pharmacokinetics , Irritants/toxicity , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutagens/classification , Mutagens/pharmacokinetics , Mutagens/toxicity , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin TestsABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of cinnamyl isovalerate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Propionates/toxicity , Animals , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Humans , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Propionates/classification , Propionates/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin Tests , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of cinnamyl formate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Valerates/toxicity , Animals , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin Tests , Toxicity Tests , Valerates/classification , Valerates/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of methyl cinnamate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Animals , CHO Cells , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , Irritants/classification , Irritants/pharmacokinetics , Irritants/toxicity , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutagens/classification , Mutagens/pharmacokinetics , Mutagens/toxicity , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin TestsABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of benzyl cinnamate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Benzyl Compounds/toxicity , Cinnamates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Administration, Cutaneous , Allergens/classification , Allergens/pharmacokinetics , Allergens/toxicity , Animals , Benzyl Compounds/classification , Benzyl Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Irritants/classification , Irritants/pharmacokinetics , Irritants/toxicity , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutagens/classification , Mutagens/pharmacokinetics , Mutagens/toxicity , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin TestsABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of ethyl cinnamate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Animals , CHO Cells , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Humans , Irritants/classification , Irritants/pharmacokinetics , Irritants/toxicity , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutagens/classification , Mutagens/pharmacokinetics , Mutagens/toxicity , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin TestsABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of cinnamyl propionate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates/toxicity , Crotonates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Administration, Cutaneous , Administration, Oral , Animals , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Crotonates/classification , Crotonates/pharmacokinetics , Humans , Male , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin Tests , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of cinnamyl butyrate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Skin/drug effects , Administration, Cutaneous , Animals , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Humans , Irritants/classification , Irritants/pharmacokinetics , Irritants/toxicity , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin Tests , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of butyl cinnamate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Skin/drug effects , Administration, Cutaneous , Administration, Oral , Animals , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Humans , Irritants/classification , Irritants/pharmacokinetics , Irritants/toxicity , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin Tests , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of cinnamyl acetate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Skin/drug effects , Animals , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Humans , Irritants/classification , Irritants/pharmacokinetics , Irritants/toxicity , Male , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutagens/classification , Mutagens/pharmacokinetics , Mutagens/toxicity , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin TestsABSTRACT
A toxicologic and dermatologic review of phenethyl cinnamate when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Subject(s)
Cinnamates/toxicity , Perfume/toxicity , Animals , Cinnamates/classification , Cinnamates/pharmacokinetics , Consumer Product Safety , Humans , Irritants/classification , Irritants/pharmacokinetics , Irritants/toxicity , Perfume/classification , Perfume/pharmacokinetics , Risk Assessment , Skin/drug effects , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin Absorption , Skin Irritancy Tests , Skin Tests , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
A German Riesling wine has been fractionated with the aid of countercurrent chromatography. After purification by HPLC, the structures of 101 compounds were established by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Seventy-three of the isolated compounds exhibited a phenolic or benzylic structure. Fifty-four compounds were reported for the first time as Riesling wine constituents. New compounds identified in this work included twelve benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives. In addition to two isomeric (E)-caffeoyl ethyl tartrates, the glucose esters of (E)-cinnamic, (E)-p-coumaric, and (E)-ferulic acid, as well as the 4-O-glucosides of (E)- and (Z)-ferulic acid, have been identified for the first time in Riesling wine. The structures of two additional phenylpropanoids were elucidated as 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propan-1-one and 2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propan-1-one. Moreover, two ethyl esters, i.e., ethyl protocatechuate and ethyl gallate, as well as the glucose ester of vanillic acid, were newly detected in Riesling wine. Novel representatives in the flavonoid group were dihydrokaempferol, dihydroquercetin, and four dihydroflavonol glycoconjugates, i.e., the 3-O-glucosides of dihydrokaempferol and dihydroquercetin, as well as the 3-O-xyloside and the 3'-O-glucoside of dihydroquercetin. Additionally, six novel lignans, i.e., lariciresinol 4-O-glucoside, three isolariciresinol derivatives, and two secoisolariciresinols, as well as three neolignans were isolated. Structural elucidation of the newly isolated wine constituents is reported together with the determination of their antioxidant activity.
