ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of precursor feeding and fungal elicitors on cell growth and the contents of PeGs and Echin in the cell supension culture of Cistanche deserticola. METHODS: The combination of precursor feeding and fungal elicitors were added on the cell suspension culture. RESULTS: The combination of L-phenylalanine and L-Tyrosing were added with Cladosporium fulvum, the dry weight of cell and the contents of PeGs and Echin in suspention all reached the highest value, 14.69 gDW/L, 50.55 mg/g and 23.86 mg/g, which were 1.81, 4.18 and 3.99 times as much as the values of controls, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Precursor feeding and fungal elicitors had obvious promotion effects on cell growth and contents of PeGs and Echin in cell suspension culture of C. deserticola.
Subject(s)
Cistanche/metabolism , Glycosides/biosynthesis , Phenylalanine/pharmacology , Tyrosine/pharmacology , Cell Culture Techniques , Cell Division/drug effects , Cell Division/physiology , Cells, Cultured , Cistanche/cytology , Cistanche/physiology , Culture Media , Dose-Response Relationship, DrugABSTRACT
The effect of osmotic stress on cell growth and phenylethanoid glycosides (PeGs) biosynthesis was investigated in cell suspension cultures of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, a desert medicinal plant grown in west region of China. Various initial sucrose concentrations significantly affected cell growth and PeGs biosynthesis in the suspension cultures, and the highest dry weight and PeGs accumulation reached 15.9 g l(-1)-DW and 20.7 mg g(-1)-DW respectively at the initial osmotic stress of 300 mOsm kg(-1) where the sucrose concentration was 175.3 mM. Stoichiometric analysis with different combinations of sucrose and non-metabolic sugar (mannitol) or non-sugar osmotic agents (PEG and NaCl) revealed that osmotic stress itself was an important factor for enhancing PeGs biosynthesis in cell suspension cultures of C. deserticola. The maximum PeGs contents of 26.9 and 23.8 mg g(-1)-DW were obtained after 21 days at the combinations of 87.6 mM sucrose with 164.7 mM mannitol (303 mOsm kg(-1)) or 20 mM PEG respectively, which was higher than that of C. deserticola cell cultures grown under an initial sucrose concentration of 175.3 mM after 30 days. The stimulated PeGs accumulation in the cell suspension cultures was correlated to the increase of phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) activity induced by osmotic stress.
Subject(s)
Cistanche/metabolism , Glycosides/biosynthesis , Cells, Cultured , Cistanche/cytology , Cistanche/physiology , Osmosis , Osmotic PressureABSTRACT
Effect of chitosan elicitor on growth and phenylethanoid glycosides (PeGs) accumulation in Cistanche deserticola cell suspension cultures was investigated. PeGs accumulation was dramatically improved by addition of selected chitosan at optimal elicitation conditions. Furthermore, a strategy of repeated addition of the chitosan elicitor for enhancing PeGs accumulation was developed. The chitosan elicitor of 10 mg l(-1)-medium repeatedly added on days 15 and 17 improved PeGs accumulation further, and the final PeGs production in the treated cell cultures of C. deserticola reached 364.6 mg l(-1), which was 3.4-fold higher than that of the control without elicitation. The increase of PeGs accumulation in C. deserticola cell suspension cultures was related to the increase of phenylalanine ammonium lyase activity stimulated by the chitosan elicitor.
Subject(s)
Bioreactors , Chelating Agents/pharmacology , Chitosan/pharmacology , Cistanche/metabolism , Glycosides/biosynthesis , Cistanche/cytologyABSTRACT
When, on the 15th day of growth, an elicitor from Fusarium solani was added at 40 mg l(-1) to Cistanche deserticola cell suspension cultures, the contents of echinacoside, acteoside and total phenylethanoid glycosides (PeGs) in cultured cells all increased over the next 27 d by over 100% to 15 mg g(-1) dry wt, 9 mg g(-1) dry wt and 57 mg g(-1) dry wt, respectively. The final biomass (1.3 mg dry wt ml(-1)) was not affected.
Subject(s)
Cistanche/growth & development , Cistanche/metabolism , Fungal Proteins/pharmacology , Fusarium/metabolism , Glycosides/biosynthesis , Phenols/metabolism , Cell Division/drug effects , Cell Division/physiology , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cistanche/cytology , Culture Techniques , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fungal Proteins/isolation & purification , Fusarium/chemistry , Glucosides/biosynthesis , Quality ControlABSTRACT
The rare earth elements Nd, La, Ce at proper concentrations had positive effects on the cell growth of Cistanche deserticola and production of phenylethanoid glycosides (PeG). A mixture of rare earth elements (MRE, La(2)O(3):CeO(2):Pr(6)O(11):Sm(2)O(3)=255:175:3:1, mol/mol) showed the most remarkable effects. After 30 day's culture, 0.02 mmoll(-1) MRE gave the highest content (20.8%) and production (1.6 gl(-1)) of PeG, which were 104 and 167% higher than those obtained in control (without rare earth elements).
Subject(s)
Cell Culture Techniques/methods , Cistanche/drug effects , Cistanche/growth & development , Glycosides/biosynthesis , Metals, Rare Earth/pharmacology , Cell Division/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Cistanche/cytology , Dose-Response Relationship, DrugABSTRACT
In this paper the descriptions and microscopic characters of Boschniakia rossica were recounted. The evidences of the identication were presented. The differences between Boschniakia rossica and its similar species Cistanche deserticola and Cynomrium songaricum were also summed up. Boschniakia rossica: Stem thin. Cross section hollow, brittle in texture, with cortex. Stele vascular bundles arranged in ring, pith obvious. Cistanche deserticola and Cynomrium songaricum: Stem thick and strong. Cross section solid, without cortex. Hard in texture. Pith unobvious. The stele vascular bundle of Cistanche deserticola arranged in wavy ring. That of Cynomrium songaricum irregularly arranged.
