A comparative study of Helicobacter pylori infection in hamsters experimentally infected with liver flukes Opisthorchis felineus, Opisthorchis viverrini, or Clonorchis sinensis.

Helicobacter pylori causes a wide range of human diseases including cancer. Carcinogenic foodborne trematodes Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis, and O. felineus might promote transmission and spread of H. pylori infection in the definitive mammalian host, which in turn might contribute to the liver fluke-associated malignancy. Our objectives were to find out whether liver flukes O. felineus, O. viverrini, and C. sinensis are carriers of Helicobacter pylori and to determine whether H. pylori is present in feces, bile, and stomach samples from the experimentally infected hamsters. We found that liver flukes are not reservoirs of H. pylori. Nevertheless, the prevalence of H. pylori and the H. pylori ureA gene copy number were significantly elevated after the infection. Overall, although the liver flukes O. felineus, C. sinensis, and O. viverrini are not reservoirs of H. pylori, the infection with the liver flukes significantly modifies the biliary and gut microbiota by increasing H. pylori abundance. This may be a feature of any liver fluke pathogenesis that have not previously been taken into account. Our findings appear to be novel in terms of comparative assessment of the host microbiota and Helicobacter abundance during epidemiologically important liver fluke infections.

Association between renal function and co-infection with Clonorchis sinensis and Helicobacter pylori: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that liver fluke infections may be associated with kidney injury and that Helicobacter pylori (Hp) may be involved in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. However, no studies have reported the relationship between co-infection with Clonorchis sinensis (Cs) and Hp and renal function. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between co-infection with Cs and Hp and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a general population, and gender-related differences were also investigated. METHODS: In the cross-sectional study, 4122 subjects from the Health Examination Center of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled. All participants underwent stool examination for the diagnosis of Cs infection and 13C-urea breath test (UBT) for the diagnosis of Hp infection. Participants were categorized into four groups: (1) co-infection with Cs and Hp group comprising 207 cases (Hp(+) + Cs(+) group), (2) Cs infection group comprising 1392 cases (Hp(-) + Cs(+)group), (3) Hp infection group comprising 275 cases (Hp(+) + Cs(-) group), and (4) non-infection group comprising 2248 cases (Hp(-) + Cs(-) group). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between co-infection with Cs and Hp and eGFR. RESULTS: Hp infection without Cs infection was present in 6.67% (275/4122) of subjects, while Cs infection without Hp infection was present in 33.77% (1392/4122) of subjects. Co-infection with Hp and Cs were present in 5.02% (207/4122) of subjects. Median age of the participants was 43 years (IQR 35-51). Most of the participants were male (2955/4122, 71.69%). Median eGFR was 96.61 ml/min/1.73 m2 (IQR 85.05-106.24). Co-infection with Cs and Hp was negatively associated with eGFR after full adjusting (ß = - 1.89, 95% CI: - 3.33 to - 0.45, p = 0.01). The relationship remained significant in females (ß = - 9.37, 95% CI: - 11.60 to - 7.1, p < 0.001), but not in males. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that co-infection with Cs and Hp may be associated with reduced renal function in females, but not in males.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bile duct.

Three patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bile duct are described. In two patients the tumor arose from the common hepatic duct. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct has not been previously reported. The clinical features and pathologic behavior of this rare type of tumor are similar to the usual biliary adenocarcinoma. The coexistence of Clonorchis sinensis infestation and primary pyogenic cholangitis raises the possibility of an etiologic association.