[Open, non-comparative phase III clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sapropterin in patients with phenylketonuria and hyperphenylalaninemia].

BACKGROUND: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease associated with impaired metabolism of the amino acids phenylalanine (Phe) and tyrosine. The main criterion for diagnosis of PKU is high blood Phe level determined during neonatal screening. In case where PKU patient is responsive to tetrahydrobiopterin treatment, sapropterin restores the impaired activity of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, resulting in the stimulation of normal Phe metabolism and thereby enhancing patient tolerance to natural products. AIM: The present open, non-comparative clinical study was initiated to assess the degree and frequency of response after 8-day sapropterin administration and assess the safety of 6-week sapropterin treatment in patients with PKU and hyperphenylalaninemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study enrolled 90 patients with PKU. The criterion of response to 8-day sapropterin therapy was the reduction of Phe blood levels ≥ 30% compared with the baseline value. RESULTS: Positive response to treatment was observed in 30 (33.3%) patients (95% CI 23.7-44.1). The mean percentage change in Phe blood levels after the 8-day response test period compared to Phe levels prior to dosing was 14.1 ± 28.4% in the overall subject population (95% CI 8.2-20.1) and 44.3 ± 15.1% in the subpopulation of patients with a positive response (95% CI 38.6-49.9). During the study, adverse events were reported in 24 (26.7%) patients in the overall population in 16 (53.3%) patients in the subpopulation who had a response. CONCLUSION: The study results confirmed the efficacy and safety of sapropterin therapy in patients with PKU, which is consistent with international clinical trials data.

Risk of warfarin-related bleeding events and supratherapeutic international normalized ratios associated with complementary and alternative medicine: a longitudinal analysis.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of bleeding and supratherapeutic international normalized ratios (INRs) associated with use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients receiving warfarin. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal study. SETTING: An acute care, academic and research hospital in Canada. PATIENTS: A total of 171 adults who were prescribed warfarin anticoagulation therapy for an expected duration of at least 4 months after enrollment. INTERVENTION: Patients were asked to complete a 16-week diary by recording bleeding events and exposure to factors previously reported to increase the risk of bleeding and supratherapeutic INRs, including CAM consumption. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Prescription, medical, and laboratory records were reviewed. Risk factors for bleeding events and supratherapeutic INR (at least 0.5 units above the target range) were evaluated longitudinally by using generalized estimating equation (GEE) modeling. Of the 171 patients completing a diary, 87 (51%) reported at least one bleeding event and 36 (21%) had a supratherapeutic INR. Seventy-three patients (43%) indicated they had used at least one CAM product previously reported to interact with warfarin. Warfarin use of less than 3 months' duration was the only statistically significant risk factor identified for supratherapeutic INR. The CAM therapies associated with an increased risk of self-reported bleeding included cayenne, ginger, willow bark, St. John's wort, and coenzyme Q(10). Use of more than one CAM while receiving warfarin was also a significant risk factor. Two CAMs were independently associated with an increased risk of self-reported bleeding: coenzyme Q(10) (odds ratio [OR] 3.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.88-7.24) and ginger (OR 3.20, 95% CI 2.42-4.24). Other risk factors significantly associated with increased bleeding included high target INR (2.5-3.5), diarrhea, acetaminophen use, increased alcohol consumption, and increased age. CONCLUSIONS: The use of CAM by patients receiving warfarin is common, and consumption of coenzyme Q(10) or ginger appears to increase the risk of bleeding in this population.

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on symptomatic effects of coenzyme Q(10) in Parkinson disease.

BACKGROUND: Major hallmarks in the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease are cellular energy depletion and oxidative stress leading to cellular dysfunction and death. Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is an electron acceptor bridging mitochondrial complexes I and II/III and a potent antioxidant that consistently partially recovers the function of dopaminergic neurons. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether nanoparticular CoQ(10) is safe and displays symptomatic effects in patients with midstage Parkinson disease without motor fluctuations. DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stratified, parallel-group, single-dose trial. SETTING: Academic and nonacademic movement disorder clinics. PATIENTS: One hundred thirty-one patients with Parkinson disease without motor fluctuations and a stable antiparkinsonian treatment. Intervention Random assignment to placebo or nanoparticular CoQ(10) (100 mg 3 times a day) for a treatment period of 3 months. Stratification criterion was levodopa treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The subjects underwent evaluation with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) at each visit on a monthly basis. The primary outcome variable was the change of the sum score of the UPDRS parts II and III between the baseline and 3-month visits. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-one subjects were randomized according to the protocol. The mean changes of the sum UPDRS parts II/III score were -3.69 for the placebo group and -3.33 for the CoQ(10) group (P = .82). Statistical analysis according to the stratification did not result in significant changes of the primary outcome variable. No secondary outcome measure showed a significant change between the placebo group and the CoQ(10) group. The frequency and quality of adverse events were similar in both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Nanoparticular CoQ(10) at a dosage of 300 mg/d is safe and well tolerated and leads to plasma levels similar to 1200 mg/d of standard formulations. Add-on CoQ(10) does not display symptomatic effects in midstage Parkinson disease.

Coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis of the clinical trials.

Our objective was to review all published trials of coenzyme Q10 for hypertension, assess overall efficacy and consistency of therapeutic action and side effect incidence. Meta-analysis was performed in 12 clinical trials (362 patients) comprising three randomized controlled trials, one crossover study and eight open label studies. In the randomized controlled trials (n=120), systolic blood pressure in the treatment group was 167.7 (95% confidence interval, CI: 163.7-171.1) mm Hg before, and 151.1 (147.1-155.1) mm Hg after treatment, a decrease of 16.6 (12.6-20.6, P<0.001) mm Hg, with no significant change in the placebo group. Diastolic blood pressure in the treatment group was 103 (101-105) mm Hg before, and 94.8 (92.8-96.8) mm Hg after treatment, a decrease of 8.2 (6.2-10.2, P<0.001) mm Hg, with no significant change in the placebo group. In the crossover study (n=18), systolic blood pressure decreased by 11 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by 8 mm Hg (P<0.001) with no significant change with placebo. In the open label studies (n=214), mean systolic blood pressure was 162 (158.4-165.7) mm Hg before, and 148.6 (145-152.2) mm Hg after treatment, a decrease of 13.5 (9.8-17.1, P<0.001) mm Hg. Mean diastolic blood pressure was 97.1 (95.2-99.1) mm Hg before, and 86.8 (84.9-88.8) mm Hg after treatment, a decrease of 10.3 (8.4-12.3, P<0.001) mm Hg. We conclude that coenzyme Q10 has the potential in hypertensive patients to lower systolic blood pressure by up to 17 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by up to 10 mm Hg without significant side effects.