The patient-centered dental home: A standardized definition for quality assessment, improvement, and integration.

OBJECTIVE: To develop the first standardized definition of the patient-centered dental home (PCDH). DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Primary data from a 55-member national expert panel and public comments. STUDY DESIGN: We used a modified Delphi process with three rounds of surveys to collect panelists' ratings of PCDH characteristics and open-ended comments. The process was supplemented with a 1-month public comment period. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: We calculated median ratings, analyzed consensus using the interpercentile range adjusted for symmetry, and qualitatively evaluated comments. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Forty-nine experts (89%) completed three rounds and identified eight essential PCDH characteristics, resulting in the following definition: "The patient-centered dental home is a model of care that is accessible, comprehensive, continuous, coordinated, patient- and family-centered, and focused on quality and safety as an integrated part of a health home for people throughout the life span." CONCLUSIONS: This PCDH definition provides the foundation for developing measures for research, care improvement, and accreditation and is aligned with the patient-centered medical home. Consensus among a broad national expert panel-including provider, payer, and accreditation stakeholder organizations and experts in medicine, dentistry, and quality measurement-supports the definition's usability and its potential to facilitate medical-dental primary care integration.

Treatment outcomes of using inhalation sedation for comprehensive dental care.

AIM: To assess the outcomes of dental treatment under inhalation sedation within a UK specialist hospital setting. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of the case notes of patients under 17 years of age who received dental treatment using inhalation sedation at a UK specialist setting during the period 2006-2011. Treatment outcomes were categorised into five groups: (1) treatment completed as planned, (2) modified treatment completed, (3) treatment abandoned in sedation unit and patient referred for treatment under general analgesia (GA), (4) treatment abandoned in sedation unit and patient referred for treatment under local analgesia (LA), (5) child failed to return to complete treatment. RESULTS: In total, the case notes of 453 patients were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 10.3 ± 2.9 years. Treatment was completed successfully in 63.6% of the cases, 15.9% were referred for treatment under GA, 11.2% failed to return to complete the treatment, 7.1% received modified treatment completed, and only 2.2% were referred for treatment under LA. Treatment outcomes were significantly associated with patient`s age (p = 0.002). The treatment outcome "treatment abandoned and child referred to be treated under GA" had significantly lower mean patient ages than the other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of children referred for inhalation sedation, completed their course of treatment. A significantly higher proportion of those in the younger age group required GA to complete their treatment.

[The regionalized healthcare network in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, from 2011 to 2015: governance system and oral healthcare]. / Rede regionalizada de atenção à saúde no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, entre 2011 e 2015: sistema de governança e a atenção à saúde bucal.

: The objective was to describe the governance system used in structuring the regionalized healthcare network in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, based on the Bipartite Inter-Managerial Commission (CIB), with a focus on structuring of oral healthcare. This was a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive documental study, based on the foundations of governance as an analytical tool through identification of the dimensions actors, norms, nodal points, and processes. Secondary data were collected from the minutes of CIB meetings held from January 2011 to December 2015. The analysis shows weaknesses in CIB governance in Santa Catarina in relation to regionalized structuring of oral healthcare from a network perspective. Structuring of oral healthcare occurs in parallel to that of other thematic networks in the state and shows the expansion of dental services, especially those with medium complexity, as an effect of the prevailing governance process. The relations established between administrators and decision-making processes allowed recognizing this network's "prescription", since there is little negotiation and local demand, limited more to following recommendations and incentives from the federal/state sphere, intermediated by staff from the State Health Secretariat. Thus, setting a policy agenda for oral healthcare for the population of Santa Catarina is weakened, with a peripheral position in relation to other health programs.

Objetivou-se descrever o sistema de governança empreendido na estruturação da rede regionalizada de atenção à saúde no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, baseando-se na Comissão Intergestores Bipartite (CIB), tendo como foco a estruturação da atenção à saúde bucal. Trata-se de um estudo de cunho qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, do tipo documental, tendo por base os fundamentos da governança como ferramenta analítica, por meio da identificação das dimensões atores, normas, pontos nodais e processos. Dados secundários foram coletados em atas de reuniões realizadas pela CIB entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2015. A análise mostra fragilidades na governança empreendida pela CIB catarinense no que concerne à estruturação da atenção à saúde bucal de forma regionalizada e sob a perspectiva de rede. A estruturação da atenção à saúde bucal ocorre de forma paralela a outras redes temáticas no estado e apresenta a expansão dos serviços odontológicos, principalmente de média complexidade, como efeito do processo de governança vigente. As relações estabelecidas entre os gestores e os processos decisórios identificados permitiram reconhecer a "prescrição" dessa rede, visto que há pouca negociação e demanda local, sendo mais restrita ao seguimento de recomendações e incentivos da esfera federal/estadual, estes intermediados por técnicos da secretaria estadual. Dessa forma, a definição de agenda propícia à formulação de política voltada para a atenção à saúde bucal dos catarinenses torna-se fragilizada e apresenta um posicionamento periférico frente às demais ações de saúde.

El objetivo fue describir el sistema de gobernanza emprendido en la estructuración de la red regionalizada de atención a la salud, en el estado de Santa Catarina, basándose en la Comisión Intergestores Bipartita (CIB), cuyo propósito fue la estructuración de la atención a la salud bucal. Se trata de un estudio de cuño cualitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, de tipo documental, teniendo como base los fundamentos de la gobernanza, como herramienta analítica, mediante la identificación de las dimensiones: actores, normas, puntos nodales y procesos. Los datos secundarios se recogieron en las actas de reuniones realizadas por la CIB, entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2015. El análisis muestra debilidades en la gobernanza emprendida por la CIB catarinense, en lo que concierne a la estructuración de la atención a la salud bucal de forma regionalizada y desde su perspectiva de red. La estructuración de la atención a la salud bucal se produce de forma paralela a otras redes temáticas en el estado y presenta la expansión de servicios odontológicos, principalmente de media complejidad, como consecuencia del proceso de gobernanza vigente. Las relaciones establecidas entre los gestores y los procesos decisorios identificados permitieron reconocer la "prescripción" de esta red, visto que existe poca negociación y demanda local, estando más restringida al seguimiento de recomendaciones e incentivos de la esfera federal/estatal, además intermediada por técnicos de la secretaría estatal. De esta forma, la definición de esta agenda, propicia a la formulación de políticas dirigidas hacia la atención a la salud bucal de los catarinenses, se debilita y presenta una posición periférica frente a las demás acciones de salud.

Rede regionalizada de atenção à saúde no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, entre 2011 e 2015: sistema de governança e a atenção à saúde bucal / The regionalized healthcare network in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, from 2011 to 2015: governance system and oral healthcare / Red regionalizada de atención a la salud en el Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, entre 2011 y 2015: sistema de gobernanza y atención a la salud bucal

Resumo: Objetivou-se descrever o sistema de governança empreendido na estruturação da rede regionalizada de atenção à saúde no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, baseando-se na Comissão Intergestores Bipartite (CIB), tendo como foco a estruturação da atenção à saúde bucal. Trata-se de um estudo de cunho qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, do tipo documental, tendo por base os fundamentos da governança como ferramenta analítica, por meio da identificação das dimensões atores, normas, pontos nodais e processos. Dados secundários foram coletados em atas de reuniões realizadas pela CIB entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2015. A análise mostra fragilidades na governança empreendida pela CIB catarinense no que concerne à estruturação da atenção à saúde bucal de forma regionalizada e sob a perspectiva de rede. A estruturação da atenção à saúde bucal ocorre de forma paralela a outras redes temáticas no estado e apresenta a expansão dos serviços odontológicos, principalmente de média complexidade, como efeito do processo de governança vigente. As relações estabelecidas entre os gestores e os processos decisórios identificados permitiram reconhecer a "prescrição" dessa rede, visto que há pouca negociação e demanda local, sendo mais restrita ao seguimento de recomendações e incentivos da esfera federal/estadual, estes intermediados por técnicos da secretaria estadual. Dessa forma, a definição de agenda propícia à formulação de política voltada para a atenção à saúde bucal dos catarinenses torna-se fragilizada e apresenta um posicionamento periférico frente às demais ações de saúde.

Abstract: The objective was to describe the governance system used in structuring the regionalized healthcare network in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, based on the Bipartite Inter-Managerial Commission (CIB), with a focus on structuring of oral healthcare. This was a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive documental study, based on the foundations of governance as an analytical tool through identification of the dimensions actors, norms, nodal points, and processes. Secondary data were collected from the minutes of CIB meetings held from January 2011 to December 2015. The analysis shows weaknesses in CIB governance in Santa Catarina in relation to regionalized structuring of oral healthcare from a network perspective. Structuring of oral healthcare occurs in parallel to that of other thematic networks in the state and shows the expansion of dental services, especially those with medium complexity, as an effect of the prevailing governance process. The relations established between administrators and decision-making processes allowed recognizing this network's "prescription", since there is little negotiation and local demand, limited more to following recommendations and incentives from the federal/state sphere, intermediated by staff from the State Health Secretariat. Thus, setting a policy agenda for oral healthcare for the population of Santa Catarina is weakened, with a peripheral position in relation to other health programs.

Resumen: El objetivo fue describir el sistema de gobernanza emprendido en la estructuración de la red regionalizada de atención a la salud, en el estado de Santa Catarina, basándose en la Comisión Intergestores Bipartita (CIB), cuyo propósito fue la estructuración de la atención a la salud bucal. Se trata de un estudio de cuño cualitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo, de tipo documental, teniendo como base los fundamentos de la gobernanza, como herramienta analítica, mediante la identificación de las dimensiones: actores, normas, puntos nodales y procesos. Los datos secundarios se recogieron en las actas de reuniones realizadas por la CIB, entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2015. El análisis muestra debilidades en la gobernanza emprendida por la CIB catarinense, en lo que concierne a la estructuración de la atención a la salud bucal de forma regionalizada y desde su perspectiva de red. La estructuración de la atención a la salud bucal se produce de forma paralela a otras redes temáticas en el estado y presenta la expansión de servicios odontológicos, principalmente de media complejidad, como consecuencia del proceso de gobernanza vigente. Las relaciones establecidas entre los gestores y los procesos decisorios identificados permitieron reconocer la "prescripción" de esta red, visto que existe poca negociación y demanda local, estando más restringida al seguimiento de recomendaciones e incentivos de la esfera federal/estatal, además intermediada por técnicos de la secretaría estatal. De esta forma, la definición de esta agenda, propicia a la formulación de políticas dirigidas hacia la atención a la salud bucal de los catarinenses, se debilita y presenta una posición periférica frente a las demás acciones de salud.

[An oral health care network organized by large municipalities in Santa Catarina State, Brazil]. / Rede de atenção à saúde bucal: organização em municípios de grande porte de Santa Catarina, Brasil.

This study aims to analyze the oral health care network in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, in municipalities with 100,000 inhabitants or more, focusing on the identification and integration of the network's essential elements. Primary data were obtained through a structured questionnaire applied to oral health care administrators. Secondary data were collected from official databases and provided by the Municipal and State Health Departments. The municipalities offer oral health services at all levels of care, but they are in different stages in implementation of the network. They have taken some measures to consolidate the network, such as inclusion of tools for integration of primary services to specialized care and reorientation of primary health care as the network's central coordinating element. Limitations include difficulty in defining the network's clientele based on epidemiological criteria, insufficient logistics and governance systems, and the need to expand oral health teams in the family health strategy, operating under health surveillance principles.

NHS pilots in primary care--an insight into the future?

UNLABELLED: This article looks at the background to the current changes in primary care dentistry being piloted in England. It looks at the structure of the different elements being piloted, such as the oral health assessment, interim care appointments and care pathways. It also examines advanced care pathways and how complex care will be provided when clinically feasible and beneficial to the patient. The authors have worked in a type 1 pilot practice since September 2010. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The NHS contract currently being piloted in England delivers care through care pathways and clinical risk assessments with prevention as an important building block for the delivery of services. There are new measures planned for measuring quality outcomes in primary care. This has implications for how services are delivered, who delivers them and how dentists will be remunerated in the future.

Well child care: a comprehensive strategy for Cuban children and adolescents.

The notable rise in survival rates of Cuban children has presented new challenges in the search for continued improvement of their welfare and quality of life. These advances can be achieved only to the extent that preventive care and health promotion are also improved. This article describes the design of a strategy for comprehensive care of children and adolescents based on better quality of well child visits, defining visit components, age-specific activities for each visit, and guidelines for followup based on visit findings. Complementary to the strategy, indicators and standards are identified for systematic evaluation of visit quality, enabling collection of objective and specific information about individual visits and assessment of trends over time, which in turn facilitates further improvements in this strategy over the long term.

Rede de atencao a saude bucal: organizacao em municipios de grande porte de Santa Catarina, Brasil / An oral health care network organized by large municipalities in Santa Catarina State, Brazil / Red de atencion de la salud oral: organizacion en los grandes municipios de Santa Catarina, Brasil

O estudo objetivou analisar a rede de atenção à saúde bucal em municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes de Santa Catarina, Brasil, pela identificação e integração de seus elementos constitutivos. Dados primários foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de questionário aos gestores municipais de saúde bucal. Dados secundários foram coletados em bases de dados do SUS e fornecidos pelas Secretarias Municipais e Estadual de Saúde. Os municípios ofertam serviços de saúde bucal em todos os níveis de atenção, mas encontram-se em distintos estágios de implementação da rede. Também realizam algumas ações para consolidação desta, como inserção de ferramentas para integração dos serviços de atenção básica aos especializados e reorientação da atenção básica, como coordenadora da rede. As limitações incluem dificuldade em definir a população da rede de acordo com critérios epidemiológicos, fragilidade dos sistemas logísticos e de governança, além da necessidade de ampliação das equipes de saúde bucal na Estratégia Saúde da Família, operando segundo princípios de vigilância à saúde.

This study aims to analyze the oral health care network in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, in municipalities with 100,000 inhabitants or more, focusing on the identification and integration of the network’s essential elements. Primary data were obtained through a structured questionnaire applied to oral health care administrators. Secondary data were collected from official databases and provided by the Municipal and State Health Departments. The municipalities offer oral health services at all levels of care, but they are in different stages in implementation of the network. They have taken some measures to consolidate the network, such as inclusion of tools for integration of primary services to specialized care and reorientation of primary health care as the network’s central coordinating element. Limitations include difficulty in defining the network’s clientele based on epidemiological criteria, insufficient logistics and governance systems, and the need to expand oral health teams in the family health strategy, operating under health surveillance principles.

Se objetivó analizar la red de servicios de salud bucal en municipios de Santa Catarina, Brasil, con más de 100 mil habitantes a través de la identificación e integración de sus elementos constitutivos. Los datos primarios se obtuvieron vía cuestionario, aplicado a los gerentes de la salud oral municipal. Los datos secundarios fueron recogidos en bases de datos oficiales y proporcionados por las Secretarías Municipales de Salud y del Estado. Los municipios ofrecen servicios de salud oral en todos los niveles de atención, pero se encuentran en diferentes etapas de implementación de red. Efectúan algunas acciones para consolidar la red como: la inclusión de herramientas para la integración de los servicios de atención primaria con los servicios especializados y la reorientación de la atención primaria como coordinadora de la red. Las limitaciones incluyen la dificultad en la definición de su población, según criterios epidemiológicos, la fragilidad de los sistemas logísticos y de gobernanza y la necesidad de ampliación de los equipos de salud oral en la estrategia de salud de la familia.

A comprehensive school-based/linked dental program: an essential piece of the California access to care puzzle.

California children suffer more from dental disease than any other chronic childhood disease. Disparities in access and oral health are disproportionately represented among children from minority and low-income families. A comprehensive school-based/linked dental program is one essential ingredient in addressing these problems. Described here are the goals, program elements, and challenges of building a seamless dental services system that could reduce barriers care, maximize resources, and employ best practices to improve oral health.

Does a case completion curriculum influence dental students' clinical productivity?

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a new clinical curriculum on dental student productivity as measured by number of procedures performed in the student teaching practice. Harvard School of Dental Medicine adopted a new clinical education model for the predoctoral program in summer 2009 based upon a Case Completion Curriculum (CCC) rather than a discipline-based numeric threshold system. The two study groups (threshold group and case completion group) consisted of students who graduated in 2009 and 2010. Clinical performance was assessed by clinical productivity across five major discipline areas: periodontics, operative dentistry, removable prosthodontics, fixed prosthodontics, and endodontics. The relationships between the two study groups with regard to number of procedures performed by category revealed that the case completion group performed a significantly higher number of operative and removable prosthodontic procedures, but fewer periodontal and endodontic procedures (p≤0.03). No statistically significant difference in number of procedures was observed with fixed prosthodontic procedures between the two groups. Clinical productivity as a result of redesigning the clinical component of the curriculum varied in selected disciplines. The CCC, in which the comprehensive management of the patient was the priority, contributed to achieving a patient-based comprehensive care practice.

Community-based dental education and community clinic finances.

To develop a long-term, sustainable partnership with dental schools, federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) need to assess the financial impact of dental students on their financial operations. Primary concerns are that students will not cover their marginal costs and will reduce the productivity of clinic dentists. This study uses data from Asian Health Services, an FQHC in Oakland, California, to examine revenues generated by senior dental students and by FQHC dentists when students are and are not present. The analysis of ten months of electronic record data showed that two full-time equivalent students generated $420,549 in gross revenues and reduced dentist output by only $29,000. While the results are from just one FQHC, they strongly suggest that students make a significant contribution to clinic productivity and finances.

Comprehensive dental services for an underserved and medically compromised population provided through a community partnership and service learning.

The University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry in San Francisco established a comprehensive dental care program at Laguna Honda Hospital, a public, skilled nursing facility. The program had three goals: (1) to provide dental students and residents an opportunity to provide oral health care for adults who were frail and medically compromised who could not come into the clinics, (2) to increase students' access to patients who needed removable prosthodontics, and (3) to fulfill Pacific's commitment to public service. Laguna Honda and Pacific pooled their resources to bring comprehensive dental care to patients who were not able to access the dental school clinics. The long-term goals are to restore and maintain the oral health of those who reside in the facility, and to educate future dentists to provide oral health care for similar populations.

A 5-year follow-up of older adults residing in long-term care facilities: utilisation of a comprehensive dental programme.

OBJECTIVE: This study will compare the clinical outcomes of 139 elders residing in long-term care (LTC) who received dental treatment with those who did not receive care under a comprehensive dental programme over 5 years. BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have documented very poor oral health and limited access to dental care among frail older adults residing in LTC facilities. The University of British Columbia and Providence Healthcare developed a comprehensive dental programme to serve elderly LTC residents within seven Vancouver hospitals. Since 2002, the Geriatric Dentistry Programme has provided annual oral health assessments and access to comprehensive dental care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comprehensive oral health assessment was provided using CODE (an index of Clinical Oral Disorders in Elders). A change in oral health status (improvement or worsening) was evaluated by measuring CODE scores including caries and periodontal condition, and other aspects of the dentition. RESULTS: Eighty-three residents received dental treatment of some form over the 5 years, while 56 did not receive any treatment beyond an annual examination. The percentage of residents initially recommended for treatment in 2002 was 97%, which declined to 70-73% after the 3rd year. The percentage of residents treated increased after the first year and remained at 56-72% thereafter. The comparison between CODE scores from baseline and 5 years later showed an improvement for those receiving care (p = 0.02, chi(2) = 7.9, df = 2). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, residents who did consent and receive care showed an improvement in their oral health status after 5 years.