ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and expeditiously spread across the globe causing a global pandemic. Research on SARS-CoV-2, as well as the closely related SARS-CoV-1 and MERS coronaviruses, is restricted to BSL-3 facilities. Such BSL-3 classification makes SARS-CoV-2 research inaccessible to the majority of functioning research laboratories in the United States; this becomes problematic when the collective scientific effort needs to be focused on such in the face of a pandemic. However, a minimal system capable of recapitulating different steps of the viral life cycle without using the virus' genetic material could increase accessibility. In this work, we assessed the four structural proteins from SARS-CoV-2 for their ability to form virus-like particles (VLPs) from human cells to form a competent system for BSL-2 studies of SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we provide methods and resources of producing, purifying, fluorescently and APEX2-labeling of SARS-CoV-2 VLPs for the evaluation of mechanisms of viral budding and entry as well as assessment of drug inhibitors under BSL-2 conditions. These systems should be useful to those looking to circumvent BSL-3 work with SARS-CoV-2 yet study the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 enters and exits human cells.
Subject(s)
Coronavirus Envelope Proteins/genetics , Nucleocapsid Proteins/genetics , SARS-CoV-2/growth & development , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics , Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics , Virion/growth & development , Biomimetic Materials/chemistry , Biomimetic Materials/metabolism , Containment of Biohazards/classification , Coronavirus Envelope Proteins/metabolism , Gene Expression , Genes, Reporter , Government Regulation , Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics , Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Luminescent Proteins/genetics , Luminescent Proteins/metabolism , Microscopy, Electron , Nucleocapsid Proteins/metabolism , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , SARS-CoV-2/metabolism , SARS-CoV-2/ultrastructure , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism , Viral Matrix Proteins/metabolism , Virion/genetics , Virion/metabolism , Virion/ultrastructure , Virus Assembly/physiology , Virus Internalization , Virus Release/physiology , Red Fluorescent ProteinABSTRACT
Scrub typhus is an important arthropod-borne disease causing significant acute febrile illness by infection with Orientia spp.Using a risk-based approach, this review examines current practice, the evidence base and regulatory requirements regarding matters of biosafety and biosecurity, and presents the case for reclassification from Risk Group 3 to Risk Group 2 along with recommendations for safe working practices of risk-based activities during the manipulation of Orientia spp. in the laboratory.We recommend to reclassify Orientia spp. to Risk Group 2 based on the classification for RG2 pathogens as being moderate individual risk, low community risk. We recommend that low risk activities, can be performed within a biological safety cabinet located in a Biosafety Level (BSL) 2 core laboratory using standard personal protective equipment. But when the risk assessment indicates, such as high concentration and volume, or aerosol generation, then a higher biocontainment level is warranted. For, the majority of animal activities involving Orientia spp., Animal BSL 2 (ABSL2) is recommended however where high risk activities are performed including necropsies, Animal BSL (ABSL3) is recommended.
Subject(s)
Containment of Biohazards/classification , Orientia tsutsugamushi/pathogenicity , Scrub Typhus/transmission , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Research , Risk Assessment , Scrub Typhus/diagnosis , WorkplaceABSTRACT
Com intenção de ajudar os profissionais a praticar uma Odontologia mais abrangente, este trabalho teve o objetivo de aplicar conceitos de marketing de serviços na elaboração de uma ferramenta digital para medir a qualidade do serviço oferecido no quesito biossegurança, sob a perspectiva dos próprios clientes. Para isso, a pesquisa foi dividida em 4 etapas: i) identificação dos atributos de biossegurança percebidos pelos clientes; ii) elaboração e validação de um questionário; iii) desenvolvimento da ferramenta; iv) experimentação em uma clínica-escola, consultório particular e em uma franquia de clínicas odontológicas. A adoção desta ferramenta, será um diferencial para o cirurgião dentista/gestor perante seus concorrentes e sobretudo, trará benefícios diretos aos seus clientes(AU)
Com intenção de ajudar os profissionais a praticar uma Odontologia mais abrangente, este trabalho teve o objetivo de aplicar conceitos de marketing de serviços na elaboração de uma ferramenta digital para medir a qualidade do serviço oferecido no quesito biossegurança, sob a perspectiva dos próprios clientes. Para isso, a pesquisa foi dividida em 4 etapas: i) identificação dos atributos de biossegurança percebidos pelos clientes; ii) elaboração e validação de um questionário; iii) desenvolvimento da ferramenta; iv) experimentação em uma clínica-escola, consultório particular e em uma franquia de clínicas odontológicas. A adoção desta ferramenta, será um diferencial para o cirurgião dentista/gestor perante seus concorrentes e sobretudo, trará benefícios diretos aos seus clientes(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Marketing of Health Services , Containment of Biohazards/classification , Patient SatisfactionABSTRACT
A review is made on Biosecurity at both local and global level in relationship with Bioterrorism as a real threat and its control and prevention. The function of the network of High Security Laboratories around the world able to make immediate diagnosis, research on vaccines, fundamental and urgent epidemiological studies, conform a steady basis to control natural infections and also the possible bioterrorism attacks.
Subject(s)
Biological Warfare/prevention & control , Bioterrorism/prevention & control , Animals , Anthrax , Biological Warfare/classification , Biological Warfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Bioterrorism/classification , Bioterrorism/legislation & jurisprudence , Communicable Diseases/diagnosis , Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Communicable Diseases/etiology , Containment of Biohazards/classification , Disease Outbreaks/classification , Disease Outbreaks/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Laboratories/classification , Laboratories/legislation & jurisprudence , Smallpox , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
Se analiza la Norma IRAM 80059 cuyo objeto es determinar las características de los niveles de bioseguridad necesarios para operar con distintos microorganismos. Se fijan cuatro niveles de bioseguridad, describiendo las características de los mismos, estableciendo la correspondencia no sólo con el nivel de riesgo individual y comunitario inherente al microorganismo (de acuerdo a la conocida clasificación de la OMS), sino también con el tipo de operación que se realiza con ellos. Se concluye que ésta Norma constituye un aporte que permitirá clarificar numerosas situaciones en el trabajo microbiológico, que hasta ahora eran motivo de discusión
Subject(s)
Containment of Biohazards/standards , Laboratory Infection/prevention & control , Laboratories , Microbiology , Argentina , Communicable Diseases , Containment of Biohazards/classification , Laboratory Infection/etiology , Public Health Laboratory Services , Occupational Health , Occupational RisksABSTRACT
Se analiza la Norma IRAM 80059 cuyo objeto es determinar las características de los niveles de bioseguridad necesarios para operar con distintos microorganismos. Se fijan cuatro niveles de bioseguridad, describiendo las características de los mismos, estableciendo la correspondencia no sólo con el nivel de riesgo individual y comunitario inherente al microorganismo (de acuerdo a la conocida clasificación de la OMS), sino también con el tipo de operación que se realiza con ellos. Se concluye que ésta Norma constituye un aporte que permitirá clarificar numerosas situaciones en el trabajo microbiológico, que hasta ahora eran motivo de discusión (AU)
