Coronary Artery-Left Ventricular Fistula with Giant Right Coronary Aneurysm: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Right coronary artery-left ventricular (RCA-LV) fistula with associated giant right coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is an extremely rare cardiac condition. This case study presents a patient with a large left ventricle (LV) and a giant right CAA with a maximal inner diameter of approximately 56.6 mm and an inner diameter of approximately 22 mm at its communication with the left ventricle. The patient underwent surgical management, involving suturing of the proximal end of the CAA and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). RCA-LV fistula with a giant right CAA may involve serious complications, such as thrombosis, rupture, and heart failure. Therefore, it is necessary to establish effective management strategies for this condition. Although this case is not unique, it serves as an illustrative example of the implementation of a classic surgical treatment method.

Congenital Coronary Aneurysm: Unusual Presentation of Myocardial Ischemia in Children.

Coronary artery aneurysms in children are usually associated with inflammatory disease such as Kawasaki disease or connective tissue disease. Congenital coronary aneurysm is a rare entity with few case reports published in the literature. We report an unusual case of congenital coronary aneurysm in an 11-year-old boy presented to our center with an ischemic cardiac event. Further investigations including computed tomography scan, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and coronary angiography revealed a large aneurysm arising from the proximal segment of left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Surgical repair was done including aneurysm resection and roofing the LAD artery using autologous saphenous vein patch.

Congenital right coronary artery aneurysm with fistula to right ventricle associated with isolated pulmonary valvular stenosis.

Congenital aneurysmal dilatation of coronary artery with coronary cameral fistula is rare in childhood. We report an even rarer association of congenital right coronary artery aneurysm and right coronary artery to right ventricle fistula with bicuspid pulmonary valve stenosis and an intact ventricular septum in a 3-year-old child.

Congenital giant right coronary artery.

Giant coronary artery aneurysms are exceptionally uncommon with an incidence of 0.02%. The natural history and prognosis of giant coronary artery aneurysm are still not well known.

Congenital aneurysmal right coronary artery with a fistula to the left atrium in an adult.

BACKGROUND: Congenital coronary artery fistula in association with aneurysm of the involved coronary artery in adults is rare. Moreover, the right coronary artery- left atrial fistula is also uncommon. Most of the cases are asymptomatic. However, symptomatic patients need therapeutic interventions. The potential complications associated with this anomaly are life-threatening, therefore, there is a need to explore more on differential diagnosis, investigations, management strategies and prevention of complications. CASE PRESENTATION: We present herewith a 26-year-old male patient with symptoms of chest pain and dyspnea. He was diagnosed with aneurysmal dilatation of the right coronary artery in its entire course which terminated as a fistulous communication into the left atrium. The closure of the fistula was done using autologous pericardial patch under cardiopulmonary bypass. Currently, the patient is being followed up after surgery and receiving anticoagulants. CONCLUSION: The advancement in the diagnostic imaging modalities have made it possible to find similar abnormalities more frequently. Due to rare nature of this anomaly, there is a need to explore and discuss management strategies that include medical management, surgical intervention or percutaneous interventions for a successful outcome.

Percutaneous Closure of a Fistulous Giant Coronary Aneurysm.

Giant coronary artery aneurysms larger than 50 mm are rare and associated with important complications: namely, rupture. Its workup requires comprehensive imaging and standard treatment is surgical exclusion. We present a 60-year-old patient with previous ostium secundum atrial septal defect surgical closure diagnosed with a giant proximal right coronary artery aneurysm (70 x 62 mm) fistulizing into the right atrium. Percutaneous closure of its aortic origin with an atrial septal occluder was successfully performed, and thrombosis of the aneurysm confirmed on angiography and echocardiogram. This case depicts an innovative, minimally invasive approach to this worrisome entity.

Coronary sinus aneurysm associated with multiple venous anomalies.

BACKGROUND: Congenital anomalies of the venous system are rare, involve the inferior vena cava (IVC), a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), and the left hepatic vein (LHV), and can make cardiac diagnostic and therapeutic procedures difficult. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 67-year-old woman without heterotaxy syndrome associated with interruption of the left IVC that continued with the hemiazygos vein system, a PLSVC, and an anomalous LHV draining the into coronary sinus (CS). The venous anomalies caused a CS aneurysm. The anomalies were demonstrated by echocardiography and the diagnosis was established by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Three days later, a coronary artery bypass graft was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis. Half a month after surgery, the pain had been relieved and the patient was discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSION: Echocardiography is a useful modality to diagnose and assess anomalies of the CS, including CS aneurysms. Congenital anomalies of the venous system in this case were all due to embryonic development abnormalities. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography provides a more comprehensive view of the entire course of abnormal veins.

Large congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula between the left main coronary artery and right superior vena cava, associated with aneurysmal dilatation of the left main coronary artery: rare case report.

Coronary arteriovenous fistula is an uncommon clinical entity. The right coronary artery is the most common site of origin, and the fistula commonly drains into the right-sided cardiac chambers. Very rarely it can arise from the left main coronary artery, and fistulas draining into the superior vena cavity are extremely rare. We report a 12-year-old asymptomatic boy with a large coronary arteriovenous fistula between the left main coronary artery and superior vena cava, with aneurysmal dilatation of the left main coronary artery. As the fistula was very large and to prevent its complications, it was planned to close the fistula percutaneously.

[Off-pump surgery for coronary-pulmonary artery fistula with giant coronary aneurysm; report of a case].

A 60-year-old male was referred to our hospital due to suspected chronic heart failure. He also had a symptom of ischemic heart disease. The multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) demonstrated the coronary-pulmonary artery fistula with a giant coronary aneurysm, which was partly thrombosed. Two abnormal arteries to the aneurysm and the outflow to the pulmonary artery were clearly detected. Intraoperative epicardial echocardiography revealed the complete interruption of blood flow and the thrombus formation in the coronary aneurysm, that was achieved just by ligation of 2 arteries under off-pump surgery. Generally, congenital coronary-pulmonary artery fistula has complex morphological variations. In this case, MDCT and epicardial echocardiography were useful for the surgical decision-making to avoid the residual and/or the recurrent fistula.

Successful transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus occluder embolization of a congenital left coronary artery aneurysm and fistulas draining into the right atrium.

Coronary artery aneurysms and fistulas are very rare congenital anomalies. They occur in 0.2%-0.4% of all congenital heart diseases. In this article, we report a case of a 39-year-old girl with a left coronary artery aneurysm and fistula draining into the right atrium. An intervention is successfully achieved by transcatheter occluder embolization using a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occluder.

Huge arteriovenous fistula between a giant aneurismal right coronary artery and coronary sinus.

Coronary arteriovenous fistulas are rare and may be congenital, traumatic, or iatrogenic. We report one of these rare congenital anomalies with a giant aneurismal right coronary artery (RCA) in a middle-aged lady who was asymptomatic for a long time.

Congenital left main coronary artery aneurysm.

We report a rare case of a congenital left main coronary artery aneurysm in a 2-year-old patient with concomitant intimal hyperplasia and strong intimal apolipoprotein B expression.

Congenital left main coronary artery aneurysm.

Left main coronary artery aneurysm (LMCAA) is an uncommon coronary abnormality seen in 0.1% of patients during routine diagnostic coronary angiographies. The most common etiology is atherosclerosis in acquired cases. However, it can also be a congenital malformation. We present the case of a 26 year-old female with a large LMCAA. She was diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot initially.

Congenital giant aneurysm of the left coronary artery.

We report an unusual case of congenital giant coronary aneurysm. A 23 year-old male with a history of acute myocardial infarction presented an abnormal shadow in the left cardiac border on routine X-ray. Electrocardiogram and physical examination were normal without any clinical signs of inflammation, but computed tomography (CT) scan and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a giant (>50mm) coronary aneurysm. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) resection resolved the CAA. Coronary artery aneurysms are entities of localised dilation and can be common events in chronic infectious disease as a result of the systemic inflammatory state; however, giant coronary aneurysms (measuring more than 50mm) are rare. This is especially true where the pathological aetiology was not clearly defined or was believed to be of congenital origin. To date only a few published case reports exist for this type of pathological entity.

Successful correction of congenital giant right coronary artery aneurysm with fistula to left ventricle.

A 26-year-old male presented with radiographical evidence of enlargement of the right side of the heart. Echocardiography and computed tomography-scan revealed a diffuse, hugely enlarged right coronary artery (RCA) aneurysm, with the distal portion flowing directly into the left ventricle (LV). A radical correction operation was performed successfully. The RCA was reconstructed with an autograft of a greater saphenous vein after the aneurysm was removed and the RCA-to-LV fistula was closed. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on 12th day after operation.

Giant congenital coronary aneurysm of the left anterior descending artery.

Coronary artery aneurysms are uncommon, especially in young patients. Most aneurysms in young patients are congenital, traumatic or due to Kawasaki disease. Giant coronary aneurysms warrant surgical management due to their propensity for complications. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with suture closure of the involved coronary artery seems to be an appropriate management strategy. We describe a giant coronary artery aneurysm of the left descending coronary artery, 15 x 18 cm in size, occurring in a 27-year-old male patient. This report underscores the need for further investigation to find the primary pathological defect causing giant coronary aneurysms, which often eludes us. Our experience suggests that this entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any young patient with chest pain.

Giant congenital coronary artery aneurysm in pulmonary atresia with intact septum.

Congenital coronary artery fistula is frequently associated with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS). Aneurysmal dilatation is rare, and can be complicated by rupture, distal thrombi and myocardial ischaemia.