ABSTRACT
The temporal bone has the most sophisticated anatomy of the whole skeleton. Its study is a challenge for students and surgeons. An inverse model of the visually obscured cavities and canals can facilitate better three-dimensional orientation and investigation. This can be made by means of corrosion casting, which is an established technique first documented on the temporal bone at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The prepared specimens are suitable not only for teaching purposes but also for research on the fascinating topography of the osseous labyrinth and the whole temporal bone. Many important studies on temporal bone anatomy are based on this technique. An extensive review of the pertinent literature is provided in relation to each method available.
Subject(s)
Corrosion Casting/history , Corrosion Casting/methods , Temporal Bone/anatomy & histology , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , HumansABSTRACT
The concept of anatomical modelling of the internal vascular structures of organs dates back to the Middle Ages by way of corrosion casting. The first to apply this classic injection technique in the reproductive arena was John Hunter (1754), who undertook to establish the independence of the maternal and fetal circulations in the placenta. The first detailed microscopic study of the endometrial vessels was undertaken a century later. Endometrial inoculation studies in the 1930s with coloured fluids such as India ink have provided the basis of our current understanding of the complex sequence of morphological vascular changes which occur in the endometrial tissue leading up to and during the process of menstruation. Classic injection techniques were limited in that they were often associated with artefacts due to injection-induced vessel breakages and variability in size of the suspended particles in the injection material. Following this, the smallest blood vessels were better demonstrated using Gomori's alkaline phosphate method. An adaptation of this method in the early 1960s demonstrated the uterine vasculature in a more detailed way than ever before. In the early 1970s, novel microradiography studies involved the injection of warmed radio-opaque medium into both arterial and venous microvasculature of the human uterus. Early 1980s investigators also utilized corrosion casting of uterine microvessels combined with scanning electron microscopy. The last 20 years have seen the dawn of the computer age, immunohistochemistry, advanced microscopy (laser scanning confocal and multiphoton emission), and stereological methods to obtain quantitative measurements of 3-dimensional endometrial vascular structures. This review article contains a historical overview of uterine microanatomical vascular visualisation from the early beginnings to the latest computerised techniques.
Subject(s)
Anatomy/history , Blood Vessels/anatomy & histology , Models, Anatomic , Uterus/blood supply , Anatomy/methods , Animals , Blood Vessels/ultrastructure , Corrosion Casting/history , Female , History, 18th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Medieval , Humans , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , Microradiography/history , Microscopy, Confocal/history , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/history , Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton/historyABSTRACT
About 70 years ago, when the so-called polymeric science succeeded in producing synthetic materials and making it available to industrial manufacturing, August Schummer intuitively recognized and reconnoitred the use of these new materials for corrosion casting anatomy. Through the employment of this method, which was named after him, an epoch-making step was achieved in the anatomy of corrosion casting. In the year that followed there has been a very successful progress in the exploration of blood vessels right through into the capillaries of the organs. On the occasion of the 100th birthday of August Schummer (born 13th of December 1902 in Saliste near Hermannstadt, died 1st of March 1977 in Giessen), former Professor of Veterinary Anatomy at the Universität Giessen, we commemorate the life and work of this exceptionally talented and passionate anatomist.
Subject(s)
Corrosion Casting/history , Anatomy, Veterinary/history , Corrosion Casting/veterinary , Germany , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
Las proporciones anatómicas por corroción obtenidas utilizando solución de celulcido en acetoma, permiten conseguir una reproducción exacta de la forma, cituación, calibre, trayecto y modo de distribución de los vasos arteriales y venosos inyectados, hasta en sus más finos ramúsculos, con una objetividad dificilmente alcanzada de otro modo
