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1.
Acta Neurol Scand ; 145(2): 257-259, 2022 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34725821

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The novel COVID-19 vaccines have side effects that require efficient and close monitoring. AIMS OF THE STUDY: To examine whether the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is associated with multiple cranial neuropathy. METHODS: We report the case of a 29-year-old male patient with no notable history who presented with left oculomotor, abducens, trigeminal and facial palsies 6 days after receiving the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS: Gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the brain revealed enhancement in the left facial, trigeminal and oculomotor nerves, which persisted upon repeated examination. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed no sign of inflammation, both initially and after 1 month from the start of the patient's symptoms. Other causes were excluded by laboratory tests. The patient received high doses of corticosteroids, with improvement of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In our case, the most probable etiology of the patient's multiple cranial neuropathy is the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, which highlights the need for prolonged surveillance of COVID-19 vaccine neurological complications.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cranial Nerve Diseases , Adult , BNT162 Vaccine , COVID-19 Vaccines , Cranial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Humans , Male , SARS-CoV-2 , Vaccination
2.
Neurology ; 96(6): e866-e875, 2021 02 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33318162

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the spectrum, treatment, and outcome of cranial nerve disorders associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (Cn-ICI). METHODS: This nationwide retrospective cohort study on Cn-ICI (2015-2019) was conducted using the database of the French Refence Center. In addition, a systematic review of the literature (MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science) for records published between 2010 and 2019 was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using the search terms cranial nerve or neuropathy or palsy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. RESULTS: Among 67 cases with ICI-related neurologic toxicities diagnosed in our reference center, 9 patients with Cn-ICI were identified (7 men, 78%, median age 62 years [range 26-82 years]). Patients were receiving a combination of anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (n = 5, 56%) or anti-PD-1 antibodies alone (n = 4, 44%). Cn-ICI involved optic (n = 3), vestibulocochlear (n = 3), abducens (n = 2), facial (n = 2), and oculomotor (n = 1) nerves. Two patients had involvement of 2 different cranial nerves. Treatment comprised corticosteroids (n = 8, 89%), ICI permanent discontinuation (n = 7, 78%), plasma exchange (n = 2, 22%), and IV immunoglobulin (n = 1, 11%). Median follow-up was 11 months (range 1-41 months). In 3 cases (33%), neurologic deficit persisted/worsened despite treatment: 2 optic and 1 vestibulocochlear. Among cases from the literature and the present series combined (n = 39), the most commonly affected cranial nerves were facial (n = 13, 33%), vestibulocochlear (n = 8, 21%), optic (n = 7, 18%), and abducens (n = 4, 10%). Trigeminal, oculomotor, and glossopharyngeal nerves were less frequently affected (total n = 7). CONCLUSION: Cranial nerve disorders can complicate treatment with ICIs. Approximately one-third of the patients had persisting deficits, most frequently involving hearing and vision loss.


Subject(s)
Cranial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Cranial Nerve Diseases/physiopathology , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Abducens Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Abducens Nerve Diseases/physiopathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Facial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Facial Nerve Diseases/physiopathology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/physiopathology , Optic Neuritis/chemically induced , Optic Neuritis/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies , Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases/physiopathology
3.
J Neurosurg Pediatr ; 26(6): 661-666, 2020 Sep 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32977309

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: While the safety and efficacy of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) have been studied in patients receiving single-dose drug infusions, agents for oncological therapy may require repeated or chronic infusions to maintain therapeutic drug concentrations. Repeat and chronic CED infusions have rarely been described for oncological purposes. Currently available CED devices are not approved for extended indwelling use, and the only potential at this time is for sequential treatments through multiple procedures. The authors report on the safety and experience in a group of pediatric patients who received sequential CED into the brainstem for the treatment of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. METHODS: Patients in this study were enrolled in a phase I single-center clinical trial using 124I-8H9 monoclonal antibody (124I-omburtamab) administered by CED (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01502917). A retrospective chart and imaging review were used to assess demographic data, CED infusion data, and postoperative neurological and surgical outcomes. MRI scans were analyzed using iPlan Flow software for volumetric measurements. Target and catheter coordinates as well as radial, depth, and absolute error in MRI space were calculated with the ClearPoint imaging software. RESULTS: Seven patients underwent 2 or more sequential CED infusions. No patients experienced Clinical Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 or greater deficits. One patient had a persistent grade 2 cranial nerve deficit after a second infusion. No patient experienced hemorrhage or stroke postoperatively. There was a statistically significant decrease in radial error (p = 0.005) and absolute tip error (p = 0.008) for the second infusion compared with the initial infusion. Sequential infusions did not result in significantly different distribution capacities between the first and second infusions (volume of distribution determined by the PET signal/volume of infusion ratio [mean ± SD]: 2.66 ± 0.35 vs 2.42 ± 0.75; p = 0.45). CONCLUSIONS: This series demonstrates the ability to safely perform sequential CED infusions into the pediatric brainstem. Past treatments did not negatively influence the procedural workflow, technical application of the targeting interface, or distribution capacity. This limited experience provides a foundation for using repeat CED for oncological purposes.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/therapeutic use , Brain Stem Neoplasms/surgery , Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma/surgery , Drug Delivery Systems/methods , Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/pharmacokinetics , Brain Stem Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Child , Child, Preschool , Convection , Cranial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Iodine Radioisotopes/administration & dosage , Iodine Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Retrospective Studies , Tissue Distribution , Treatment Outcome
5.
J Cell Biochem ; 120(3): 3898-3910, 2019 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30368882

ABSTRACT

Acrylamide (ACR) is a potent neurotoxin that can be produced during high-temperature food processing, but the underlying toxicological mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the detrimental effects of ACR on the striatal dopaminergic neurons and the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in ACR-induced neuronal apoptosis were investigated. Acute ACR exposure caused dopaminergic neurons loss and apoptosis as revealed by decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells and TH protein level and increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in the striatum. ACR-decreased glutathione content, increased levels of malondialdehyde, proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 6. In addition, nuclear NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathway with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 were activated by ACR. Specific inhibitors were used to explore the roles of MAPKs and NF-κB pathways in ACR-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Pretreatment with JNK-specific inhibitors SP600125 markedly upregulated the reduced B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) content and downregulated the increased Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) level and thereby eventually reduced the proportions of early and late apoptotic cells induced by ACR, while p38 suppression by SB202190 only reversed the decrease in Bcl-2 expression. Inhibition of NF-κB by BAY 11-7082 markedly upregulated Bax level and decreased Bcl-2 expression, and eventually increasing the proportions of neuronal apoptosis compared with that in ACR alone. These results suggested that JNK contributed to ACR-induced apoptosis, while NF-κB acted as a protective regulator in response to ACR-induced neuropathy. This study helps to offer a deeper insight into the mechanism of ACR-induced neuropathy.


Subject(s)
Acrylamide/toxicity , Apoptosis/drug effects , Corpus Striatum/drug effects , Cranial Nerve Diseases/genetics , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics , NF-kappa B/genetics , Animals , Anthracenes/pharmacology , Apoptosis/genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Corpus Striatum/metabolism , Corpus Striatum/pathology , Cranial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Cranial Nerve Diseases/metabolism , Cranial Nerve Diseases/pathology , Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects , Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism , Dopaminergic Neurons/pathology , Gene Expression Regulation , Humans , Injections, Intraventricular , Interleukin-6/genetics , Interleukin-6/metabolism , JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics , JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Male , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Nitriles/pharmacology , Primary Cell Culture , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Signal Transduction , Sulfones/pharmacology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/genetics , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism , bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics , bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
6.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf ; 27(8): 921-925, 2018 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29862604

ABSTRACT

In light of waning immunity to pertussis following receipt of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine, maintaining protection may require repeated Tdap vaccination. We evaluated the safety of repeated doses of tetanus-containing vaccine in 68 915 nonpregnant adolescents and adults in the Vaccine Safety Datalink population who had received an initial dose of Tdap. Compared with 7521 subjects who received a subsequent dose of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria (Td) vaccine, the 61 394 subjects who received a subsequent dose of Tdap did not have significantly elevated risk of medical visits for seizure, cranial nerve disorders, limb swelling, pain in limb, cellulitis, paralytic syndromes, or encephalopathy/encephalitis/meningitis. These results suggest that repeated Tdap vaccination has acceptable safety relative to Tdap vaccination followed by Td vaccination.


Subject(s)
Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine/adverse effects , Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines/adverse effects , Immunization Schedule , Vaccination/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Brain Diseases/chemically induced , Brain Diseases/epidemiology , Cellulitis/chemically induced , Cellulitis/epidemiology , Child , Cranial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Cranial Nerve Diseases/epidemiology , Diphtheria/prevention & control , Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine/administration & dosage , Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines/administration & dosage , Extremities , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Musculoskeletal Pain/chemically induced , Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology , Paralysis/chemically induced , Paralysis/epidemiology , Seizures/chemically induced , Seizures/epidemiology , Tetanus/prevention & control , United States/epidemiology , Vaccination/methods , Whooping Cough/prevention & control , Young Adult
7.
Acta Biomed ; 89(1): 104-108, 2018 03 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29633752

ABSTRACT

Endodontic therapy is a routinely practised clinical procedure with few reported complications but, as a bleaching agent, inadvertent spillage of sodium hypochlorite beyond the root canal system may result in extensive soft tissue or nerve damage, and even airway compromise. Although very rare, complications arising from hypochlorite extrusion beyond the root apex are described. NaOCl causes oxidation of protein and lipid membrane and causes necrosis, hemolysis and dermal ulcerations (2-4). Neurological complication are very rare. Paraesthesia and anaesthesia may affect the mental, inferior dental and infra-orbital branches of the trigeminal nerve and normal sensation may take many months to  completely resolve (6, 7). Nerve damage (the buccal branch) was described in 2005 by Witton et al. (8) and patients exhibited a loss of the naso-labial groove and a down turning of the angle of the mouth and the motor function was regained after several months. We present a case in which the extrusion of NaOCl solution during endodontic therapy led to important destructive effects on soft tissues and nerves. The arisen medico legal issues are discussed.


Subject(s)
Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials/complications , Facial Nerve Injuries/chemically induced , Root Canal Irrigants/adverse effects , Sodium Hypochlorite/adverse effects , Adult , Blepharospasm/chemically induced , Cranial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Female , Humans , Paresthesia/chemically induced
9.
Pediatr Blood Cancer ; 64(12)2017 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28623857

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Vincristine (VCR) induced peripheral neuropathy is a common complication in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PROCEDURES: A retrospective data analysis over an interval of 10 years (2006-2016) of all children with ALL seen at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital was carried out. Electronic medical records of eligible patients were reviewed. Patients with clinical evidence of neuropathy and abnormal nerve conduction studies (NCSs) were included in the study. RESULTS: Nineteen (nine females and 10 males) out of 103 pediatric patients developed VCR-related neuropathy, and their age ranged between 2.5 and 14 years. Symptoms started after 2-11 doses of VCR. All 19 patients had documented peripheral neuropathy on NCSs. The autonomic nervous system and cranial nerves affection was relatively common in our patients; two presented with bradycardia, two patients with unexplained tachycardia, and five had abdominal pain and constipation, complicated by typhlitis in two patients. One patient developed unilateral hearing loss. Two patients developed severe life-threatening cranial nerve involvement with bilateral ptosis and recurrent laryngeal nerve involvement presented as vocal cord paralysis, hoarseness of voice, frequent chocking, and aspiration episodes. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral neuropathy was the commonest form of VCR-related neuropathy. Autonomic neuropathy was relatively common in our patients. Cranial neuropathy is a serious side effect of VCR that can be severe, involving multiple cranial nerves and needs prompt recognition and management. Concomitant administration of pyridoxine and pyridostigmine does not seem to protect against further neurological damage in some patients.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/adverse effects , Central Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced , Cranial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy , Vincristine/adverse effects , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Neural Conduction/drug effects , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies
10.
Am J Otolaryngol ; 37(3): 259-62, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27178520

ABSTRACT

There have been recent reports of sarcoid-like granulomatosis development following the administration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. To date, only four cases of neurosarcoidosis have been reported in association with TNF inhibitors, two of which were attributed to etanercept. We present the first case of etanercept-induced neurosarcoidosis involving multiple cranial neuropathies, including the trigeminal, facial, and vestibulocochlear nerves, while also highlighting the differential diagnoses of multiple cranial neuropathies and the association of TNF inhibitors and neurosarcoidosis.


Subject(s)
Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnostic imaging , Central Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Cranial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Etanercept/adverse effects , Sarcoidosis/diagnosis , Cranial Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Middle Aged
12.
Osteoporos Int ; 27(8): 2627-9, 2016 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26980457

ABSTRACT

The widespread use of bisphosphonates, especially in osteoporosis, has led to a greater number of reports of side effects. We describe for the first time a case of a 75-year-old female patient with a history of indolent sicca syndrome who developed multiple cranial neuropathies after zoledronic acid infusion. In this case, the elimination of the main causes of multiple cranial neuropathies, the chronology with zoledronic acid infusion, the absence of secondary complications of the Sjögren's syndrome, reported cases of similar peripheral nerve injuries with interferon infusions, the spontaneous remission of this multiple cranial neuropathy in parallel with the induced flu-like syndrome, argue for its iatrogenic origin, probably by a great release of inflammatory mediators in this particular background of primary Sjögren's syndrome.


Subject(s)
Cranial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Diphosphonates/adverse effects , Imidazoles/adverse effects , Sjogren's Syndrome/drug therapy , Aged , Female , Humans , Zoledronic Acid
13.
Am Orthopt J ; 65: 109-14, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26564936

ABSTRACT

We report a patient who suffered consecutive cranial neuropathies where each event was immediately preceded by the use of oral PDE-5 inhibitors. A discussion of the etiology of the events including possible interaction with other medications is included.


Subject(s)
Cranial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/adverse effects , Aged , Cranial Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Erectile Dysfunction/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Sildenafil Citrate/adverse effects , Sildenafil Citrate/therapeutic use , Tadalafil/adverse effects , Tadalafil/therapeutic use
14.
Rev Neurol ; 60(2): 91-2, 2015 Jan 16.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25583593
15.
Exp Eye Res ; 113: 148-50, 2013 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23769950

ABSTRACT

The cornea receives the densest sensory innervation of the body, which is exclusively from small-fiber nociceptive (pain-sensing) neurons. These are similar to those in the skin of the legs, the standard location for neurodiagnostic skin biopsies used to diagnose small-fiber peripheral polyneuropathies. Many cancer chemotherapy agents cause dose-related, therapy-limiting, sensory-predominant polyneuropathy. Because corneal innervation can be detected non-invasively, it is a potential surrogate biomarker for skin biopsy measurements. Therefore, we compared hindpaw-skin and cornea innervation in mice treated with neurotoxic chemotherapy. Paclitaxel (0, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) was administered to C57/Bl6 mice and peri-mortem cornea and skin biopsies were immunolabeled to reveal and permit quantitation of innervation. Both tissues demonstrated dose-dependent, highly correlated (r = 0.66) nerve fiber damage. These findings suggest that the quantification of corneal nerves may provide a useful surrogate marker for skin peripheral innervation.


Subject(s)
Axons/pathology , Cornea/innervation , Cranial Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Ophthalmic Nerve/pathology , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Skin/innervation , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity , Axons/drug effects , Biopsy , Cornea/pathology , Cranial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Microscopy, Confocal , Ophthalmic Nerve/drug effects , Paclitaxel/toxicity , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced , Skin/pathology
16.
Cancer ; 119(12): 2230-8, 2013 Jun 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23576020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term survival and late toxicities of concurrent-adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage III through IVB nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) from endemic regions of China. METHODS: Patients with stage III to IVB NPC were assigned randomly to receive radiotherapy (RT) alone (the RT group) or RT plus concurrent adjuvant chemotherapy (the CRT group). CRT patients received concurrent cisplatin (40 mg/m2) weekly during RT followed by cisplatin (80 mg/m2) and fluorouracil (800 mg/m(2) daily for 5 days) every 4 weeks for 3 cycles. The primary endpoint was overall survival. RESULTS: In total, 316 patients underwent randomization, with 158 to each group. At a median follow-up of 70 months, the 5-year overall survival rate was 72% for the CRT group and 62% for the RT group (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.99; P = .043). Failure-free survival was significantly higher in the CRT group (P = .020). Most late toxicities were similar (33% vs. 26%; P = .089), except for cranial neuropathy (P = .042), peripheral neuropathy (P = .041), and ear damage (P = .048), which were significantly increased in the CRT group. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of concurrent adjuvant chemotherapy to RT provides survival benefits to patients with stage III through IVB NPC in endemic regions of China, and it does not increase most late toxicities apart from cranial neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, and ear damage.


Subject(s)
Chemoradiotherapy/adverse effects , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/mortality , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/therapy , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Carcinoma , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , China , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Cisplatin/adverse effects , Cisplatin/therapeutic use , Cranial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Female , Fluorouracil/administration & dosage , Fluorouracil/adverse effects , Fluorouracil/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
18.
Ophthalmologe ; 110(9): 869-71, 2013 Sep.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23288315

ABSTRACT

A 10-year-old child presented after accidental exposure of the left eye to a blue hair dye containing methylene blue. Mild ocular surface changes and a selective blue staining of the usually invisible corneal nerve fibre bundles were present. Corneal sensitivity was reduced. Despite copious lubrication a transient neurotrophic keratitis developed which did not resolve until corneal sensitivity became normal 2 weeks later. Association of mild chemical burns with neurotrophic keratitis is unusual but is of high clinical relevance as keratitis is a vision-threatening complication.


Subject(s)
Burns, Chemical/etiology , Cranial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Eye Burns/chemically induced , Keratitis/chemically induced , Methylene Blue/poisoning , Ophthalmic Nerve/drug effects , Burns, Chemical/diagnosis , Burns, Chemical/therapy , Child , Cornea/drug effects , Cornea/innervation , Cranial Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Cranial Nerve Diseases/therapy , Eye Burns/diagnosis , Eye Burns/therapy , Hair Dyes/chemistry , Hair Dyes/poisoning , Humans , Keratitis/diagnosis , Keratitis/therapy , Male , Treatment Outcome
19.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci ; 53(13): 8280-7, 2012 Dec 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23154458

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the nerve growth factor (NGF) pathway and its influence on corneal healing mechanisms in normal conditions and in an animal model of corneal denervation induced by capsaicin. METHODS: Peripheral sensory damage was induced in rat pups by subcutaneous injection of capsaicin and the effects evaluated by hot-plate test, corneal nerve count, and tear secretion. Corneal damage was induced in capsaicin-treated and -untreated rats by epithelial scraping. Healing rate; NGF pathway (NGF, tyrosine kinase A [TrkA], p75); and the stem cell marker p63 were evaluated by RT-PCR, ELISA, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The effects of exogenous NGF administration as eye drop formulation were also tested. RESULTS: Capsaicin treatment induced a significant reduction of peripheral sensitivity, corneal innervation, tear secretion, and corneal healing rate. The ocular effects of capsaicin treatment were associated with an NGF pathway alteration. NGF eye drop treatment aided corneal healing mechanisms through a significant increase in the NGF receptors TrkA and p75, and in the stem cell marker p63. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we show that an alteration in the NGF pathway is responsible for a delay in corneal healing in an animal model of sensory denervation. Moreover, we show that NGF eye drop administration modulates corneal innervation, epithelial cell healing, and corneal stem cells. These findings may trigger further research on the role of the NGF pathway in limbal stem cell deficiency.


Subject(s)
Capsaicin/toxicity , Cornea/innervation , Cranial Nerve Diseases/drug therapy , Disease Models, Animal , Nerve Growth Factor/therapeutic use , Ophthalmic Nerve/drug effects , Wound Healing/drug effects , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Blotting, Western , Corneal Injuries , Cranial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Cranial Nerve Diseases/metabolism , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases , Eye Injuries/drug therapy , Eye Injuries/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Nerve Tissue Proteins , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptor, trkA/metabolism , Receptors, Growth Factor , Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensory System Agents/toxicity , Sympathectomy, Chemical , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/drug therapy , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/metabolism
20.
Int J Hematol ; 96(3): 383-5, 2012 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22767142

ABSTRACT

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces complete remission in 64-100 % of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and is considered to be a safe agent. Pseudotumor cerebri is a neurological side effect of ATRA reported in pediatric patients, and which is characterized by raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the absence of any intracranial pathology or secondary causes of intracranial hypertension. Involvement of cranial nerves other than II and VI is very uncommon in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH); peripheral facial nerve palsy is exceptional and has rarely been described in the context of treatment with ATRA. We describe the case of a 15-year-old female patient with APL who developed an IIH and involvement of cranial nerves (bilateral papilledema, left facial and right sixth nerves) after receiving induction therapy including ATRA. Viral infections and other causes of secondary cranial nerve lesions were excluded. Symptoms completely subsided with the temporary withdrawal of ATRA and did not recur after reintroducing the drug. To date, the patient has managed to receive the treatment as per protocol. In conclusion, we report an atypical presentation of IIH that merits consideration, especially with respect to young patients with APL receiving ATRA; our most important observation is that the drug could be safely reintroduced once the symptoms had resolved.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Cranial Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Intracranial Hypertension/chemically induced , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/complications , Tretinoin/adverse effects , Adolescent , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Cranial Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Cranial Nerve Diseases/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Intracranial Hypertension/diagnosis , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy , Remission Induction , Treatment Outcome , Tretinoin/therapeutic use
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