Atenção à crise de crianças e adolescentes: estratégias de cuidado dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenis sob a ótica de gestores e familiares / Attention to the crisis of children and adolescents: care strategies of Psychosocial Care Centers for Children and Adolescents from the perspective of managers and family members

Resumo Este estudo objetivou compreender a atenção à crise de crianças e adolescentes nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenis (CAPSij), sob a ótica de gestores e familiares, e identificar as estratégias de cuidado utilizadas pelos serviços nas situações de crise. Trata-se de estudo de abordagem qualitativa do qual participaram seis gestores e 12 familiares vinculados a seis CAPSij da cidade de São Paulo. Para a análise de dados, foram utilizados os métodos Análise de Conteúdo e Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os resultados apontam que as estratégias de cuidado se pautam no acolhimento imediato, cuidado intensivo, intervenção em equipe e articulação da rede, indicando alinhamento às diretrizes da atenção psicossocial. Os principais equipamentos acionados pelas equipes são o CAPSij III e os Hospitais Gerais. A indicação de ações médico-centradas pode revelar o processo de transição paradigmática vivenciado por esses serviços. Reflete-se que a condição peculiar de pessoa em desenvolvimento, em que crianças e adolescentes se encontram, sinaliza especificidades que devem estar presentes na atenção às situações de crise, como a intensa inclusão das famílias e dos outros atores da rede no processo de cuidado, o respeito aos direitos e a luta contra toda e qualquer forma de institucionalização.

Abstract This study aimed to understand crisis care for children and adolescents in Children and Youth Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPSij), from the perspective of managers and family members, and to identify the care strategies used by services in crisis situations. This is a study with a qualitative approach in which six managers and 12 family members linked to six CAPSij in the city of São Paulo participated. For data analysis, Content Analysis and Collective Subject Discourse were used. The results show that the care strategies are based on immediate care, intensive care, team intervention and network articulation, indicating alignment with psychosocial care guidelines. The main equipment used by the teams are the CAPSij III and general hospitals. The indication of doctor-centered actions can reveal the process of paradigm transition experienced by these services. It is reflected that the peculiar condition of the developing person, in which children and adolescents find themselves, points to specificities that must be present in the care of crisis situations, such as the intense inclusion of families and other actors in the network in the care process, respect for rights and the fight against any form of institutionalization.

Impact of Mobile Crisis Services on Emergency Department Use Among Youths With Behavioral Health Service Needs.

OBJECTIVE: Youths are using emergency departments (EDs) for behavioral health services in record numbers, even though EDs are suboptimal settings for service delivery. In this article, the authors evaluated a mobile crisis service intervention implemented in Connecticut with the aim of examining whether the intervention was associated with reduced behavioral health ED use among those in need of services. METHODS: The authors examined two cohorts of youths: 2,532 youths who used mobile crisis services and a comparison sample of 3,961 youths who used behavioral health ED services (but not mobile crisis services) during the same fiscal year. Propensity scores were created to balance the two groups, and outcome analyses were used to examine subsequent ED use (any behavioral health ED admissions and number of behavioral health ED admissions) in an 18-month follow-up period. RESULTS: A pooled odds ratio of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]=0.66-0.84) indicated that youths who received mobile crisis services had a significant reduction in odds of a subsequent behavioral health ED visit compared with youths in the comparison sample. The comparable result for the continuous outcome of number of behavioral health ED visits yielded an incidence risk ratio of 0.78 (95% CI=0.71-0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Using comparison groups, the authors provided evidence suggesting that community-based mobile crisis services, such as Mobile Crisis, reduce ED use among youths with behavioral health service needs. Replication in other years and locations is needed. Nevertheless, these results are quite promising in light of current trends in ED use.

[Open Dialogue and the Challenges for its Implementation - an analysis based on a review of the literature]. / O diálogo aberto e os desafios para sua implementação ­ análise a partir da revisão da literatura.

METHOD: The Open Dialogue Method was developed in Finland in order to deal with severe psychotic crises using dialogue and social network inclusion. By means of a review of the literature on the Open Dialogue Method, this article sought to identify the principles and contributions for deinstitutionalization.The PubMed (365), PsycInfo (134), Lilacs (no articles found) databases and 2 books were consulted. Thirty-four publications that fulfilled the requirements of this review were selected. The search was conducted in October 2015. The key words used were: open dialogue, crisis, first psychotic episode, schizophrenia, family therapy, need-adapted approach. RESULTS: There were 3 reviews, 5 theoretical studies, 21 qualitative studies and 5 quantitative studies. Two of them were written in Italian, one in French and thirty-one in English. The authors were from Norway, the United States, Finland, Australia, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Canada and Poland. The publications were grouped for purposes of analysis into the following categories: Open Dialogue concepts and principles; Open Dialogue contributions; Challenges for Open Dialogue implementation in other countries, realities and contexts.

MÉTODO: O Método Diálogo Aberto foi desenvolvido na Finlândia para atender crises psíquicas graves utilizando diálogo e inclusão da rede social. Este artigo pretende, através de uma revisão da literatura sobre o Método do Diálogo Aberto, identificar seus princípios e contribuições para processos de desisntitucionalização. As bases utilizadas neste artigo de revisão foram: PubMed (365), PsycInfo (134) e Lilacs (nehuma publicação encontrada), além de 2 livros, incluídos por referência cruzada. Foram selecionadas 34 publicações que atendiam ao objetivo proposto. A busca foi realizada em outubro de 2015. Os descritores selecionados foram: open dialogue, crisis, first episode psycosis, schizophrenia, terapy family, need adapted approach. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 3 artigos de revisão, 5 estudos teóricos, 21 estudos qualitativos e 5 estudos quantitativos. Destes, 2 foram escritos em italiano, 1 em francês e 31 em inglês. Com relação ao país de origem dos autores temos: Noruega, Estados Unidos, Finlândia, Austrália, Reino Unido, Bélgica, Canadá e Polônia. As produções foram agrupadas para análise em: Concepções e princípios do Diálogo Aberto; Contribuições do diálogo Aberto; Desafios para implementação do Diálogo Aberto em outros países, realidades e contextos.

O diálogo aberto e os desafios para sua implementação - análise a partir da revisão da literatura / Open Dialogue and the Challenges for its Implementation - an analysis based on a review of the literature

Resumo O Método Diálogo Aberto foi desenvolvido na Finlândia para atender crises psíquicas graves utilizando diálogo e inclusão da rede social. Este artigo pretende, através de uma revisão da literatura sobre o Método do Diálogo Aberto, identificar seus princípios e contribuições para processos de desisntitucionalização. Método: As bases utilizadas neste artigo de revisão foram: PubMed (365), PsycInfo (134) e Lilacs (nehuma publicação encontrada), além de 2 livros, incluídos por referência cruzada. Foram selecionadas 34 publicações que atendiam ao objetivo proposto. A busca foi realizada em outubro de 2015. Os descritores selecionados foram: open dialogue, crisis, first episode psycosis, schizophrenia, terapy family, need adapted approach. Resultados: Foram encontrados 3 artigos de revisão, 5 estudos teóricos, 21 estudos qualitativos e 5 estudos quantitativos. Destes, 2 foram escritos em italiano, 1 em francês e 31 em inglês. Com relação ao país de origem dos autores temos: Noruega, Estados Unidos, Finlândia, Austrália, Reino Unido, Bélgica, Canadá e Polônia. As produções foram agrupadas para análise em: Concepções e princípios do Diálogo Aberto; Contribuições do diálogo Aberto; Desafios para implementação do Diálogo Aberto em outros países, realidades e contextos.

Abstract The Open Dialogue Method was developed in Finland in order to deal with severe psychotic crises using dialogue and social network inclusion. By means of a review of the literature on the Open Dialogue Method, this article sought to identify the principles and contributions for deinstitutionalization. Method: The PubMed (365), PsycInfo (134), Lilacs (no articles found) databases and 2 books were consulted. Thirty-four publications that fulfilled the requirements of this review were selected. The search was conducted in October 2015. The key words used were: open dialogue, crisis, first psychotic episode, schizophrenia, family therapy, need-adapted approach. Results: There were 3 reviews, 5 theoretical studies, 21 qualitative studies and 5 quantitative studies. Two of them were written in Italian, one in French and thirty-one in English. The authors were from Norway, the United States, Finland, Australia, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Canada and Poland. The publications were grouped for purposes of analysis into the following categories: Open Dialogue concepts and principles; Open Dialogue contributions; Challenges for Open Dialogue implementation in other countries, realities and contexts.

A wave that comes rushing in and dunks you: representations and destinies of the crisis in adolescent users of a CAPSi. / Uma onda que vem e dá um caixote: representações e destinos da crise em adolescentes usuários de um CAPSi.

This article focuses on the inter-subjective aspects involved in the care of psychosocial crises of adolescents, their representations and developments. A qualitative research was developed from a psycho-sociological perspective by constructing life story narratives of adolescents treated at a Psychosocial Care Center for Children and Adolescents (CAPSi). It was based on the theoretical contributions of René Kaës on group and cultural aspects of the crisis, as well as its relation to adolescence. Life narratives, constructed through in-depth interviews with adolescents, close relatives, and CAPSi caretakers depict crisis as a "surprise", as violence and estrangement, an episode that must be forgotten, denied, silenced, and medicalized. We concluded that the crisis involves strong mental suffering for adolescents, for the people close to them, and for caretakers, which calls into question the possibilities and limits of care. We, therefore, highlight the importance of protected spaces in both the institution and the health network that would allow the collective construction of new meanings, representations and destinies of crisis, both by users and caretakers.

O artigo enfoca os aspectos intersubjetivos envolvidos na atenção à crise psicossocial de adolescentes, suas representações e desdobramentos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida através da perspectiva psicossociológica, através da construção de narrativas de vidas de adolescentes que se tratam num Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para Crianças e Adolescentes (CAPSi). Baseamo-nos nas contribuições teóricas de René Kaës sobre aspectos grupais e culturais da crise, assim como sua relação com a adolescência. As narrativas de vida, construídas através de entrevistas em profundidade com adolescentes, parentes próximos dos mesmos e profissionais do CAPSi, apresentam a crise como "surpresa", violência e estranhamento, momento que precisa ser esquecido, negado, silenciado e medicalizado. Concluímos que a crise envolve forte sofrimento psíquico por parte do adolescente, pessoas próximas e também profissionais, o que coloca em questão as possibilidades e os limites do cuidado. Apontamos, assim, para a importância de espaços protegidos, na instituição e na rede de saúde, que possibilitem construção coletiva de novos sentidos, representações e destinos da crise, tanto por parte de usuários quanto de profissionais.

Uma onda que vem e dá um caixote: representações e destinos da crise em adolescentes usuários de um CAPSi / A wave that comes rushing in and dunks you: representations and destinies of the crisis in adolescent users of a CAPSi

Resumo O artigo enfoca os aspectos intersubjetivos envolvidos na atenção à crise psicossocial de adolescentes, suas representações e desdobramentos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida através da perspectiva psicossociológica, através da construção de narrativas de vidas de adolescentes que se tratam num Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para Crianças e Adolescentes (CAPSi). Baseamo-nos nas contribuições teóricas de René Kaës sobre aspectos grupais e culturais da crise, assim como sua relação com a adolescência. As narrativas de vida, construídas através de entrevistas em profundidade com adolescentes, parentes próximos dos mesmos e profissionais do CAPSi, apresentam a crise como "surpresa", violência e estranhamento, momento que precisa ser esquecido, negado, silenciado e medicalizado. Concluímos que a crise envolve forte sofrimento psíquico por parte do adolescente, pessoas próximas e também profissionais, o que coloca em questão as possibilidades e os limites do cuidado. Apontamos, assim, para a importância de espaços protegidos, na instituição e na rede de saúde, que possibilitem construção coletiva de novos sentidos, representações e destinos da crise, tanto por parte de usuários quanto de profissionais.

Abstract This article focuses on the inter-subjective aspects involved in the care of psychosocial crises of adolescents, their representations and developments. A qualitative research was developed from a psycho-sociological perspective by constructing life story narratives of adolescents treated at a Psychosocial Care Center for Children and Adolescents (CAPSi). It was based on the theoretical contributions of René Kaës on group and cultural aspects of the crisis, as well as its relation to adolescence. Life narratives, constructed through in-depth interviews with adolescents, close relatives, and CAPSi caretakers depict crisis as a "surprise", as violence and estrangement, an episode that must be forgotten, denied, silenced, and medicalized. We concluded that the crisis involves strong mental suffering for adolescents, for the people close to them, and for caretakers, which calls into question the possibilities and limits of care. We, therefore, highlight the importance of protected spaces in both the institution and the health network that would allow the collective construction of new meanings, representations and destinies of crisis, both by users and caretakers.

Crisis interventions in online psychological counseling.

INTRODUCTION: The world's population is often assailed by crises of various orders. Disasters caused by nature and by humans themselves also impact on people's mental health. Psychological crises, such as suicide attempts, represent a growing problem in mental health. When faced with such scenarios, specific strategies of crisis intervention are both appropriate and necessary. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of the literature dealing with online psychological crisis intervention, describing and discussing their operational design, specific characteristics and applications. METHOD: A systematic review of literature indexed on the PubMed, PsycINFO, and SciELO databases identified by searches conducted from January to June of 2014. RESULTS: The searches identified 17 empirical studies about online crisis interventions which were reviewed. Three crisis contexts emerged: 1) disasters, 2) risk/prevention of suicide, and 3) trauma. Eleven different intervention programs were described and the predominant treatment approach was cognitive behavioral therapy. The results showed that research into online psychological crisis intervention has been conducted in several different countries, especially the Netherlands and Australia, and that the users of these tools benefit from them. CONCLUSION: Online crisis interventions have been developed and researched in many countries around the world. In Brazil, there is still a lack of investment and research in this area.

Crisis interventions in online psychological counseling / Intervenções em crise nos atendimentos psicológicos online

Introduction: The world's population is often assailed by crises of various orders. Disasters caused by nature and by humans themselves also impact on people's mental health. Psychological crises, such as suicide attempts, represent a growing problem in mental health. When faced with such scenarios, specific strategies of crisis intervention are both appropriate and necessary. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature dealing with online psychological crisis intervention, describing and discussing their operational design, specific characteristics and applications. Method: A systematic review of literature indexed on the PubMed, PsycINFO, and SciELO databases identified by searches conducted from January to June of 2014. Results: The searches identified 17 empirical studies about online crisis interventions which were reviewed. Three crisis contexts emerged: 1) disasters, 2) risk/prevention of suicide, and 3) trauma. Eleven different intervention programs were described and the predominant treatment approach was cognitive behavioral therapy. The results showed that research into online psychological crisis intervention has been conducted in several different countries, especially the Netherlands and Australia, and that the users of these tools benefit from them. Conclusion: Online crisis interventions have been developed and researched in many countries around the world. In Brazil, there is still a lack of investment and research in this area.

Introdução: Frequentemente a população mundial tem sido atingida por crises de diversas ordens. Desastres provocados pela natureza e também pelo homem têm impactado na saúde mental das pessoas. Crises de ordem psicológica, como tentativas de suicídio, têm representado um problema crescente em termos de saúde mental. Frente a esse panorama, estratégias diferenciadas de intervenção em crises são oportunas e necessárias. Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente a literatura existente sobre intervenções psicológicas em crises no contexto online, e com isso descrever seu funcionamento e discutir suas particularidades e possibilidades. Método: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura, através das bases de dados PubMed, PsycINFO e SciELO, no período de janeiro a junho de 2014. Resultados: A presente revisão resultou em 17 estudos empíricos que tratam sobre intervenções em crise no contexto online. Destes, três contextos de crise emergiram: 1) desastres, 2) risco/prevenção de suicídio e 3) trauma. Foram localizados 11 programas de intervenção, nos quais a abordagem de tratamento predominante foi a terapia cognitivo-comportamental. Os resultados mostraram que vários países têm desenvolvido pesquisas sobre intervenções psicológicas em crise no contexto virtual, em especial a Holanda e a Austrália, apresentando benefícios para quem se favorece dessa ferramenta. Conclusão: Intervenções em crise no contexto online existem e têm sido vastamente desenvolvidas ao redor do mundo. No Brasil, este tema ainda necessita investimento.

Development of psychiatric risk evaluation checklist and routine for nurses in a general hospital: ethnographic qualitative study / Desenvolvimento de check-list e rotina de avaliação de risco psiquiátrico para enfermeiras num hospital geral: pesquisa qualitativa etnográfica

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:There is high prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders in general hospitals, thus triggering psychiatric risk situations. This study aimed to develop a psychiatric risk assessment checklist and routine for nurses, the Psychiatric Risk Evaluation Check-List (PRE-CL), as an alternative model for early identification and management of these situations in general hospitals.DESIGN AND SETTING:Ethnographic qualitative study in a tertiary-level private hospital.METHOD:Three hundred general-unit nurses participated in the study. Reports were gathered through open groups conducted by a trained nurse, at shift changes for two months. The questions used were: "Would you consider it helpful to discuss daily practice situations with a psychiatrist? Which situations?" The data were qualitatively analyzed through an ethnographic approach.RESULTS:The nurses considered it useful to discuss daily practice situations relating to mental and behavioral disorders with a psychiatrist. Their reports were used to develop PRE-CL, within the patient overall risk assessment routine for all inpatients within 24 hours after admission and every 48 hours thereafter. Whenever one item was present, the psychosomatic medicine team was notified. They went to the unit, gathered data from the nurses, patient files and, if necessary, attending doctors, and decided on the risk management: guidance, safety measures or mental health consultation.CONCLUSION:It is possible to develop a model for detecting and intervening in psychiatric and behavioral disorders at general hospitals based on nursing team observations, through a checklist that takes these observations into account and a routine inserted into daily practice.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO:Existe alta prevalência de transtornos mentais e comportamentais em hospitais gerais, propiciando situações de risco psiquiátrico. Este estudo objetivou desenvolver uma rotina e um check-list para enfermeiras, a Avaliação de Risco Psiquiátrico (ARP-CL), como modelo alternativo de identificação e manejo precoce destas situações no hospital geral.TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL:Pesquisa qualitativa etnográfica, em hospital particular terciário.MÉTODO:Trezentas enfermeiras de unidades gerais participaram do estudo. Os relatos foram coletados em grupos abertos, conduzidos por enfermeira treinada, durante passagens de plantão, por dois meses, através das questões: "Você consideraria útil discutir com um psiquiatra situações da sua prática diária? Quais situações?" Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente através do método etnográfico.RESULTADOS:Enfermeiras consideraram útil poder discutir rotineiramente com um psiquiatra situações relacionadas a transtornos mentais e de comportamento da sua prática diária. Seus relatos foram utilizados no desenvolvimento da ARP-CL, na rotina da avaliação de risco global do paciente, para todos os internados nas primeiras 24 horas e posteriormente a cada 48 horas. Quando um item era presente, a equipe de medicina psicossomática era notificada, indo à ala e coletando dados com a enfermagem, no prontuário do paciente, ou com o médico assistente, se necessário, decidindo conduta no risco: orientação, medidas de segurança ou consulta em saúde mental.CONCLUSÃO:É possível desenvolver um modelo de detecção e intervenção precoces para transtornos psiquiátricos e de comportamento num hospital geral baseado na observação de enfermeiras, através de check-list que leve em conta essas observações e de uma rotina inserida na prática diária.

Development of psychiatric risk evaluation checklist and routine for nurses in a general hospital: ethnographic qualitative study.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: There is high prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders in general hospitals, thus triggering psychiatric risk situations. This study aimed to develop a psychiatric risk assessment checklist and routine for nurses, the Psychiatric Risk Evaluation Check-List (PRE-CL), as an alternative model for early identification and management of these situations in general hospitals. DESIGN AND SETTING: Ethnographic qualitative study in a tertiary-level private hospital. METHOD: Three hundred general-unit nurses participated in the study. Reports were gathered through open groups conducted by a trained nurse, at shift changes for two months. The questions used were: "Would you consider it helpful to discuss daily practice situations with a psychiatrist? Which situations?" The data were qualitatively analyzed through an ethnographic approach. RESULTS: The nurses considered it useful to discuss daily practice situations relating to mental and behavioral disorders with a psychiatrist. Their reports were used to develop PRE-CL, within the patient overall risk assessment routine for all inpatients within 24 hours after admission and every 48 hours thereafter. Whenever one item was present, the psychosomatic medicine team was notified. They went to the unit, gathered data from the nurses, patient files and, if necessary, attending doctors, and decided on the risk management: guidance, safety measures or mental health consultation. CONCLUSION: It is possible to develop a model for detecting and intervening in psychiatric and behavioral disorders at general hospitals based on nursing team observations, through a checklist that takes these observations into account and a routine inserted into daily practice.

[Intervention in situations of psychic crisis: challenges and suggestions of a prehospital care staff]. / Intervenção nas situações de crise psíquica: dificuldades e sugestões de uma equipe de atenção pré-hospitalar.

A qualitative and descriptive research, aimed at knowing how the pre-hospital care professionals perceive the interventions towards people in mental crisis. The study was developed in Santa Catarina with four teams of basic life support units of the Department of Mobile Emergency Care, during April to June 2011. The Collective Subject Discourse was used as the method of analysis. Two themes emerged: Awareness of the difficulties in meeting a person in mental crisis and Suggestions in the search for a closer attention to the person in mental crisis. The difficulties mentioned were related to the lack of training and a local to forward the patients, suggesting a better training and systematization of care. We conclude that it is necessary to invest in the educational process, based on new care strategies guided by the principles of SUS and of the psychosocial paradigm, and revisit the strategy of protocols as guidelines and not as standardizing systems.

A complexity-based approach to batterer intervention programmes.

This paper was aimed at providing opinion by adopting a complexity-based approach to coordinating nursing science and psychology concerning psycho-educational intervention for batterers regarding their partner or ex-partner. Improving both disciplines' interrelationship should facilitate implementing relevant action, thereby engendering motivation for change in participants and modifying sexist attitudes and beliefs. The document has analyzed the importance of coordinating scientific disciplines' action and defined guidelines for an approach involving intervention as well as highlighting implications for practice and research.

Programas de intervenção na adolescência: considerações sobre o desenvolvimento positivo do jovem / Adolescent intervention programs: considerations on positive youth development / Programas de intervención en la adolescencia: consideraciones sobre el desarrollo positivo de la juventud

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir fundamentos teórico-conceituais e empíricos que embasam programas preventivos e de promoção em saúde mental na adolescência, com enfoque no desenvolvimento positivo. Constata-se que o Brasil apresenta progressos no que tange ao desenvolvimento e implementação de programas interventivos tendo avançado no campo da promoção de competências e do bem-estar dos jovens, ampliando sua ação para além da prevenção de comportamentos de risco. São tecidas considerações sobre contribuições da psicologia positiva para os programas interventivos frente à necessidade de reavaliar potencialidades e virtudes humanas. São também destacados os avanços nos estudos empíricos da adolescência, apontando as tendências da ciência e a emergência de investigações oriundas da aplicação das teorias sob a visão positiva do jovem. Por fim, apresenta-se uma breve contextualização dos programas nacionais com foco na psicologia positiva. Conclui-se pela pertinência e interesse do desenvolvimento de intervenções baseadas nesta vertente teórico-prática, ressalta-se contudo, a necessidade de buscar o desenvolvimento positivo do jovem de modo efetivo nos programas interventivos nacionais, tal como ocorre no cenário internacional.

This article aims to discuss theoretical, conceptual and empirical foundations that support prevention and promotion programs in mental health in adolescence, focusing on the positive development. It appears that Brazil exhibits progress regarding the development and implementation of interventional programs, having advanced in the field of promoting skills and well-being of young people, and expanding its reach beyond the prevention of risk behaviors. The paper makes considerations on the contributions of positive psychology to interventional programs regarding the need to reassess potential and human virtues. It also highlights the advances in empirical studies of adolescence that indicate trends in science, and the emergence of investigations arising from the application of the young's positive outlook theories. Finally, we briefly discuss the background of the national programs focused on positive psychology. The paper agrees with the pertinence and interest of the development of interventions based on this theoretical and practical approach, we emphasize however, the need to seek the positive youth development effectively in national interventional programs, such as occurs in the international scene.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir los fundamentos teóricos, conceptuales y empíricas que apoyan los programas de prevención y promoción de la salud mental en la adolescencia, centrándose en el desarrollo positivo. Parece que Brasil exhibe los avances en cuanto a la elaboración y aplicación de programas de intervención, después de haber avanzado en el campo de la promoción de las habilidades y el bienestar de los jóvenes, y ampliar su alcance más allá de la prevención de conductas de riesgo. En el artículo se hace consideraciones sobre las contribuciones de la psicología positiva a los programas de intervención con respecto a la necesidad de reevaluar las virtudes posibles y humanos. También se destacan los avances en los estudios empíricos sobre la adolescencia que indican las tendencias de la ciencia, y la aparición de las investigaciones derivadas de la aplicación de las teorías de las perspectivas positivas de la juventud. Finalmente, se discuten brevemente los antecedentes de los programas nacionales centrados en la psicología positiva. En el artículo está de acuerdo con la pertinencia y el interés del desarrollo de las intervenciones basadas en este enfoque teórico y práctico, insistimos sin embargo, la necesidad de buscar el desarrollo positivo de los jóvenes de manera efectiva en los programas de intervención nacionales, como ocurre en la escena internacional.

[Example of an emergency intervention]. / Un exemple de prise en charge en urgence.

A hospital healthcare manager, Guénaëlle Jegu also works within the Val-de-Marne and Paris medical-psychological emergency units. Through her account, presented here, of the care provided to people repatriated from Haiti after the earthquake of January 2010, she describes the key stages of an intervention. The availability of caregivers and the close collaboration of the teams are necessary in order to provide high quality care to the victims.

A complexity-based approach to batterer intervention programmes / Programas de intervención con agresores por violencia doméstica desde la perspectiva de la complejidad

This paper was aimed at providing opinion by adopting a complexity-based approach to coordinating nursing science and psychology concerning psycho-educational intervention for batterers regarding their partner or ex-partner. Improving both disciplines' interrelationship should facilitate implementing relevant action, thereby engendering motivation for change in participants and modifying sexist attitudes and beliefs. The document has analyzed the importance of coordinating scientific disciplines' action and defined guidelines for an approach involving intervention as well as highlighting implications for practice and research.

Con este ensayo pretendemos brindar nuestras reflexiones sobre las coordinaciones que podrían generarse en la enfermería y la psicología durante la intervención psicoeducativa a hombres que ejercen violencia hacia su pareja o ex pareja, desde la perspectiva de la complejidad. La tesis que aquí defendemos es que al optimizar la interrelación entre ambas disciplinas, se facilita la puesta en práctica de acciones que impactan positivamente la motivación al cambio en estos hombres, y en consecuencia, la modificación de actitudes y creencias sexistas. En el escrito se estiman dos fases: la primera plantea un análisis sobre la importancia de la articulación de acciones entre disciplinas científicas; la segunda fase delimita las pautas de actuación de cada disciplina en los procesos de intervención así como las implicaciones para la práctica profesional y la investigación.

Psychological first aid: Guide for field workers

Los primeros auxilios psicológicos, en lugar de interrogatorio psicológico, se debe ofrecer a personas en peligro grave después de haber sido expuestos recientemente a un evento traumático. La misma fue desarrollada con el fin de un amplio acuerdo sobre los primeros auxilios psicológicos materiales para su uso en países de bajos y medianos ingresos. La información que hemos dado aquí es sólo un modelo. Usted tendrá que adaptarse adecuadamente al contexto local y la cultura de la gente va a ayudar. Esta directriz aprobada por muchos organismos internacionales - refleja la ciencia emergente y el consenso internacional sobre la manera de apoyar a las personas en el período inmediatamente posterior a eventos extremadamente estresantes.