Health characteristics and health care trajectory of polyhandicaped person before and after 1990.

INTRODUCTION: Polyhandicap is defined as the combination of severe mental impairment and severe motor deficit resulting in reduced mobility and an extreme reduction in autonomy. Over the last 20years, care management for these patients has become more structured, however, their care pathway is not always optimal. OBJECTIVE: To describe/compare the health characteristics, treatment and history of the care pathways of subjects who received care before and after 1990. METHOD: Multicentre cross-sectional study, population studied: patients with polyhandicap: (i) causal brain damage<3years, (ii) severe mental impairment, (iii) motor disability, (iv) reduced mobility, (v) extreme restriction of autonomy. DATA COLLECTED: clinical and medical, care procedures, treatments, history of care pathways. RESULTS: Patients are divided into 2 groups: 545 patients who received care after 1990 and 330 before 1990. Older patients present more recurrent urinary infections, slow transit, behavioural disorders and pain, and are prescribed a greater number of drugs. For those who received care before 1990, the age of admission to an establishment is lower, with one-third receiving a consultation dedicated to the transition from paediatric to adult teams. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The care sector for patients with polyhandicap makes it possible to meet their needs throughout their lives, however, there is still progress to be made in terms of formalisation and of coordinating the care pathway in order to facilitate the transition from paediatric to adult services/establishments.

To save a child's spleen: 50 years from Toronto to ATOMAC.

Pediatric surgeons brought forth non-operative treatment for children with blunt spleen injury more than 50 years ago. At the time, this proposal was deemed reckless by many adult surgeons, and debate ensued for decades. Despite criticisms, pediatric surgeons refined the clinical pathways for children with spleen injury leading to current safe and efficient outcomes. These outcomes are defined by rare splenectomies, few blood transfusions, and short length of hospital stay. This review will address the role of the spleen through historical perceptions and scientific evidence. In addition, evolution of contemporary clinical pathways will be outlined.

Irdi: um instrumento que leva a psicanálise à polis / Irdi: an instrument that takes the psychoanalysis to the polis / Irdi: un instrumento que lleva el psicoanálisis a la polis

Este artigo relata a história da proposta e da validação do instrumento Indicadores de Risco para Desenvolvimento Infantil (IRDI), composto de 31 indicadores clínicos de referência para o acompanhamento de problemas ou entraves no desenvolvimento psíquico de crianças de zero a dezoito meses. Aborda as discussões geradas no interior do campo psicanalítico em torno da criação daquele instrumento e da promulgação da Lei n.13.438, examinando criticamente as objeções a esta levantadas por psicanalistas e técnicos do Ministério da Saúde. Finaliza com propostas de reformulação de alguns pressupostos do IRDI e de manutenção de outros, passados quase vinte anos desde sua criação.

This article tells the history of the proposal and of the validation of the Indicadores de Risco para o Desenvolvimento Infantil (IRDI), an instrument composed by 31 reference clinical indicators for the monitoring of problems or impediments in the psychic development of children from zero to eighteen months. We approach the discussions generated within the psychoanalytic field on the creation of this instrument and of the promulgation of the Law no.13.438, critically examining the objections done by psychoanalysts and technicians of Ministry of Health to this law. We conclude with proposals to modify some presuppositions in IRDI and to maintain others, after almost 20 years of its creation.

El artículo relata la historia de la propuesta y de la validación del IRDI, un instrumento compuesto por 31 indicadores clínicos de referencia para el seguimiento de los problemas o de los obstáculos en el desarrollo psíquico de los niños desde cero hasta dieciocho meses de edad. El artículo se acerca a las discusiones generadas dentro del campo psicoanalítico alrededor de la creación de ese instrumento y de la divulgación de la Ley n.13.438, revisando criticamente las objeciones planteadas por psicoanalistas y por técnicos del Ministerio de la Salud al respecto de esa ley. Concluye con propuestas de reformulación de algunas presuposiciones del IRDI y con propuestas de mantenimiento de otras, casi 20 años después de su créacion.

[Management of wet AMD in France in 2015]. / Prise en charge de la DMLA exsudative en France en 2015.

PURPOSE AND CONTEXT: Intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF agents, available in France since 2007, allows stabilization and improvement in visual acuity in wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In the past few years, the management of this disease has evolved in terms of both diagnostic methods and treatment schedules, which have been adapted to the pathophysiology of AMD. The goal of this survey, performed in a representative sample of French ophthalmologists, was to describe the evolution of medical practices one year after a similar survey (Massé et al., J Fr Ophtalmol 2016; 39: 40-7). METHOD: The survey was performed from December, 2014 to March, 2015 in 191 ophthalmologists (53 general ophthalmologists and 98 retina specialists) with an on-line questionnaire. This questionnaire was designed by a committee of ophthalmologists to describe practices concerning screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of wet AMD. RESULTS: An initial intravitreal injection of an anti-VEGF agent was usually performed within 10 days after the diagnosis of wet AMD by 98% of ophthalmologists and within 5 days by 63%. The treatment protocols favored by retina specialists were pro re nata (PRN) for 58%, Observe and Plan for 25% and Treat and Extend for 17%. Bilateral intravitreal injections were performed on the same day by 46% of retina specialists, mostly for the convenience of the patient and because of the low infectious risk. The initial protocol was maintained by one third of retina specialists throughout the course of treatment, while two thirds of them reported that they reassessed the protocol on average after 5 months. CONCLUSION: This survey on the practices of the ophthalmologists in wet AMD highlights an improvement in the time course of patient management and an evolution of treatment schedules toward individualized protocols.

Translating new knowledge into practices: reconceptualising stroke as an emergency condition.

OBJECTIVES To examine how the new concept of stroke as an emergency condition led to the development of new clinical pathways for stroke patients in Newcastle Upon Tyne, implemented through protocols which were then rapidly adopted across the UK and further afield. METHODS Historical analysis using health policy documents, published papers and correspondence on stroke alongside 17 interviews with stroke clinicians and managers in the UK and the US. RESULTS The challenges of implementation stemmed from organisational and professional barriers rather than scientific or technological difficulties. Stroke's historical status as a non-treatable illness was a barrier to the adoption of acute treatments. Building new pathways for stroke patients by developing protocols for paramedics and emergency room staff originated as a local solution to a local problem but were taken up widely. DISCUSSION Understanding the clinical response to the reconceptualisation of stroke as a treatable disease contributes to our understandings of the relations between clinical research and practice. These findings have implications for how we understand the translation of new knowledge into practice and its transfer across different clinical communities and settings. Protocols are shown to be a particularly valuable tool, bridging knowledge between communities and manifesting a new identity for stroke.

Cancer survivorship: history, quality-of-life issues, and the evolving multidisciplinary approach to implementation of cancer survivorship care plans.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To discuss the history of cancer survivorship, related quality-of-life issues, and cancer survivorship care plans (CSCPs). DATA SOURCES: CINAHL, PubMed, published articles, and Web sites. DATA SYNTHESIS: A cancer survivor is an individual who has been diagnosed with cancer, regardless of when that diagnosis was received, who is still living. Cancer survivorship is complex and involves many aspects of care. Major areas of concern for survivors are recurrence, secondary malignancies, and long-term treatment sequelae that affect quality of life. Four essential components of survivorship care are prevention, surveillance, intervention, and coordination. A CSCP should address the survivor's long-term care, such as type of cancer, treatments received, potential side effects, and recommendations for follow-up. It should include preventive practices, how to maintain health and well-being, information on legal protections regarding employment and health insurance, and psychosocial services in the community. CONCLUSIONS: Survivorship care for patients with cancer requires a multidisciplinary effort and team approach. Enhanced knowledge of long-term complications of survivorship is needed for healthcare providers. Further research on evidence-based practice for cancer survivorship care also is necessary. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses can review CSCPs with patients, instruct them when to seek treatment, promote recommended surveillance protocols, and encourage behaviors that lead to cancer prevention and promote well-being for cancer survivors.

Estratégias terapêuticas no tratamento da dor crônica: uma genealogia da clínica da dor / Therapeutic strategies in the treatment of chronic pain: a genealogy of the pain clinic

O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar a singularidade das estratégias terapêuticas introduzidas pelo modelo das Clínicas da Dor, através de um estudo genealógico desse projetoterapêutico e sua contextualização no âmbito da racionalidade científica moderna. Mais especificamente, pretende-se analisar as transformações na racionalidade médica que permitiram, sucessivamente, a apreensão da dor pelo discurso médico, a concepção da dorcomo uma doença e a construção e a consolidação do modelo terapêutico das Clínicas da Dor. Para tal, inicialmente, analisamos o modelo terapêutico desenvolvido pelo médico anestesista John Bonica, idealizador do modelo das Clínicas da Dor, destacando as ferramentas conceituais que possibilitaram a compreensão da dor crônica como doença e como fenômenobiopsicossocial. Num segundo momento, realizamos uma descrição e análise dos principais eventos que permitiram a consolidação da medicina da dor como uma prática específica e multidisciplinar, dando destaque à inserção deste modelo no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde Brasileiro. Finalmente, a partir de uma experiência clínico-institucional buscamos refletir sobre os limites e possibilidades da aplicação prática deste modelo, lançando luz sobre os impasses da clínica e tensões oriundas da problematização do dualismo mente e corpo e das práticas terapêuticas interdisciplinares.

Case management: a heritage more than a century old.

The roots of case management are more than a century deep. This innovative approach to managing, coordinating, expediting, and facilitating patient care is neither new nor exclusively limited to nursing practice. A review of the historic literature reveals that the evolution of case management is a byproduct of creative healthcare efforts associated with different disciplines, including nursing, medicine, mental health, public health, and social work. This article presents a historical review of significant milestones in the evolution of the field of case management and its related tools (i.e., clinical pathways).

Resultados do tratamento de osteossarcoma no Hospital do Câncer de Pernambuco / Results on the treatment de osteosarcoma at the \"Hospital do Câncer\" in Pernambuco-brasil

Os autores apresentam os resultados do tratamento de osteossarcoma em 51 pacientes no Hospital do Câncer de Pernambuco (HCPE), no intervalo de 5 anos. A análise, parte de protocolo para acompanhamento de pacientes com osteossarcoma, consistiu da localizaçÝo do tumor, número de ciclos de quimioterapia pré e pós-operátorio e tratamento cirúrgico. Houve prevalência de sexo masculino com 29 casos (56,9por cento), e a idade média de 12,8 anos. No sexo feminino foi de 14,1 anos. O tumor localizou-se mais frequentemente no fêmur em 28 casos (54,9por cento), dos quais 21 (75por cento) comprometiam a metáfise distal, seguido da tíbia 17 casos (33,3por cento) entre os quais 10 (58,8por cento) se localizavam na metáfise proximal. O úmero, com 5 casos em metáfise proximal representou 9,8por cento dos casos de rádio distal com 1 paciente significou 2,0por cento. Em relaçÝo ao tratamento quimioterápico houve uma média de 4,8 ciclos pré-operatórios e de 4,7 ciclos pós-operatórios. O tratamento cirúrgico mais frequente foi a amputaçÝo com 29 casos (56,9por cento), a cirurgia com preservaçÝo de membro foi realizada em 14 pacientes (27,4por cento)e a preservaçÝo seguida de amputaçÝo, por causa de recidiva local, foi necessária em 5 pacientes (9,8por cento). No intervalo estudado 12 pacientes foram a óbito pela doença (23,5por cento), permaneceram vivos com doença 19 pacientes (37,2por cento) e 20 pacientes (39,2por cento) continuaram vivos sem doença