Comparison of national and international standards of good egg production practices

Egg production is an important economic activity in Brazil, with about 697 million eggs produced annually. The conventional cage system is commonly used for egg production. However, there has been a growing concern for the welfare of laying hens around the world. In this context, many countries have issued laws, protocols, and other normative technical specifications to ensure the welfare of layers. This study aims at identifying similarities and differences between international standards and Brazilian protocols using the Comparative Law perspective. This article reports an analytical study of selected protocols, performing three analyses using the Comparative Law method. The research concludes that some items of the Brazilian protocols of good egg production practices, such as farm inspection, treatment of diseases, temperature, ventilation, beak trimming, feed and water supply, correspond to international specifications, whereas others, such as housing, freedom movement, use of equipment, and transport, are less strict.

Comparison of national and international standards of good egg production practices

Egg production is an important economic activity in Brazil, with about 697 million eggs produced annually. The conventional cage system is commonly used for egg production. However, there has been a growing concern for the welfare of laying hens around the world. In this context, many countries have issued laws, protocols, and other normative technical specifications to ensure the welfare of layers. This study aims at identifying similarities and differences between international standards and Brazilian protocols using the Comparative Law perspective. This article reports an analytical study of selected protocols, performing three analyses using the Comparative Law method. The research concludes that some items of the Brazilian protocols of good egg production practices, such as farm inspection, treatment of diseases, temperature, ventilation, beak trimming, feed and water supply, correspond to international specifications, whereas others, such as housing, freedom movement, use of equipment, and transport, are less strict.(AU)

Perspectiva da flora sob a opticidade forense no Brasil / Perspective of the vegetation under forensic perspective in Brazil

A tutela jurídico-penal do meio ambiente, mormente da flora tem a extrema premência protetiva por estar intrinsecamente correlacionada a negentropia ecossistêmica. Este reconhecimento é embasado na constitucionalização da tutela jurídico-ambiental e no mandato expresso de criminalização que eleva a tutela ambiental como incumbência não exclusiva do direito penal, mas por meio do Estado nas implicações atinentes às sanções. Sua utilização far-se-á na forma das legislações correlatas preventivas, bem como sanções repressivas e de reparação de danos causados. O Código Florestal Brasileiro reúne um conjunto de leis que visam à preservação das florestas delimitando sua explorabilidade. O primeiro Código data de 1934, o segundo de 1965 foi revogado em 2012, todavia é polêmico, haja vista que está inserido numa equacionalização desafiadora entre a necessidade de aumento da produção agrícola e o de preservação ambiental ou dos mecanismos homeostáticos dos ecossistemas.

The protection of environmental laws, especially of the vegetation has extreme urgency protective to be intrinsically related to negentropy ecosystem. This recognition is based in the constitutionalization of environmental laws and express mandate of criminalization that elevates environmental protection as non-exclusive assignment of criminal law, but through the state the implications linked to the sanctions. Its use will be made in the form of preventive related laws and repressive sanctions and the damage repair. The Brazilian Forest Codebrings together a set of law saimed at preserving forests delimiting their exploitability. The first code is 1934, the second 1965 was repealed in 2012, but is controversial, given that is housed in a challenging equation between the need for increased agricultural production and environmental preservation or homeostatic mechanisms of ecosystems.

Perspectiva da flora sob a opticidade forense no Brasil / Perspective of the vegetation under forensic perspective in Brazil

A tutela jurídico-penal do meio ambiente, mormente da flora tem a extrema premência protetiva por estar intrinsecamente correlacionada a negentropia ecossistêmica. Este reconhecimento é embasado na constitucionalização da tutela jurídico-ambiental e no mandato expresso de criminalização que eleva a tutela ambiental como incumbência não exclusiva do direito penal, mas por meio do Estado nas implicações atinentes às sanções. Sua utilização far-se-á na forma das legislações correlatas preventivas, bem como sanções repressivas e de reparação de danos causados. O Código Florestal Brasileiro reúne um conjunto de leis que visam à preservação das florestas delimitando sua explorabilidade. O primeiro Código data de 1934, o segundo de 1965 foi revogado em 2012, todavia é polêmico, haja vista que está inserido numa equacionalização desafiadora entre a necessidade de aumento da produção agrícola e o de preservação ambiental ou dos mecanismos homeostáticos dos ecossistemas.(AU)

The protection of environmental laws, especially of the vegetation has extreme urgency protective to be intrinsically related to negentropy ecosystem. This recognition is based in the constitutionalization of environmental laws and express mandate of criminalization that elevates environmental protection as non-exclusive assignment of criminal law, but through the state the implications linked to the sanctions. Its use will be made in the form of preventive related laws and repressive sanctions and the damage repair. The Brazilian Forest Codebrings together a set of law saimed at preserving forests delimiting their exploitability. The first code is 1934, the second 1965 was repealed in 2012, but is controversial, given that is housed in a challenging equation between the need for increased agricultural production and environmental preservation or homeostatic mechanisms of ecosystems.(AU)