Primer caso de Microfilariasis de ocurrencia fatal en Santa Cruz-Bolivia / The first of case microfilariasis probably fatal in Santa Cruz-Bolivia

Se presenta el primer caso de Microfilariasis patogena probable Mansonella Ozzardi, diagnosticado por estudio Histopalogico, en un nino de 12 anos de edad, procedente de la ciudad de Santa Cruz, con un cuadro clinico atipico y desenlace fatal

Mosquito species collected from a marsh in western Kenya during the long rains.

A total of 475,431 mosquitoes representing 8 genera and 43 species were collected from a marsh in the western Kenya highlands to determine species composition and succession in relation to the epidemiology of Rift Valley fever virus. Culex pipiens was the most common species, totalling 92.3% of the collection, followed by Cx. zombaensis (2.2%), Anopheles coustani (1.1%), An. squamosus (0.8%), Mansonia uniformis (0.6%), Coquillettidia microannulatus (0.5%), Uranotaenia mashonaensis (0.5%), Ma. africana (0.4%) and Cq. aurites (0.4%). Aedes quasiunivittatus was the first floodwater species to emerge from newly flooded areas and was the most abundant Aedes collected, representing 88% of all Aedes specimens. Culex guiarti and Cx. zombaensis colonized newly flooded areas soon after the areas became flooded.

Culiseta minnesotae and further notes on Aedes aegypti in Rhode Island.

Culiseta minnesotae is reported as a state record in Rhode Island. Follow-up surveys for Aedes aegypti after its initial isolation in 1985 have failed to recover additional specimens.

Field studies on the potential of butanone, carbon dioxide, honey extract, 1-octen-3-ol, L-lactic acid and phenols as attractants for mosquitoes.

Various combinations of six candidate attractants--butanone, carbon dioxide (CO2), honey, octenol, lactic acid and mixed phenols--were tested against natural populations of mosquitoes in Everglades National Park, Florida, U.S.A., using unlighted CDC-baited traps. With few exceptions, the attractancy of these candidate compounds to mosquitoes, when used alone, was less than that of CO2 alone. The exceptions were that octenol and honey extract alone attracted larger numbers of Coquillettidia perturbans (Walker). Addition of lactic acid and/or octenol to CO2 increased trap collections of Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann), Anopheles atropos D. & K., and An. crucians Wiedemann by 1.4-13.8 times. Culex nigripalpus Theobald collections were increased 2.7 times by the addition of lactic acid, while the addition of octenol produced mixed results. Whereas the addition of lactic acid reduced collections of Cx (Melanoconion) spp., the addition of octenol generally increased collections. The opposite happened for Wyeomyia mitchellii (Theobald). For the biting midge, Culicoides furens (poey), octenol (1.6-23.4 x ) and phenol (2.7 x ) alone attracted larger numbers, and lactic acid alone attracted approximately the same numbers as CO2 alone. The combinations octenol + phenol and octenol + 200 ml/min CO2 increased C. furens collections c. 100 times over CO2 alone. The combination of octenol + CO2 increased (1.6 x ) collections of the tabanid Diachlorus ferrugatus (Fabricius). Butanone appeared to decrease the trap collections of all species when combined with CO2 or octenol + CO2.

A new species of Toxorhynchites mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan.

Toxorhynchites (Toxorhynchites) okinawensis Toma, Miyagi, and Tanaka, n. sp., from Okinawajima, the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, is described and illustrated. Its taxonomy, bionomics, and zoogeography are discussed briefly.

Mosquito abundance and bionomics in residential communities in Orange and Los Angeles Counties, California.

Mosquito abundance and bionomics were studied intensively during summer and spring at two residential communities of contrasting economic status. Culex quinquefasciatus was the most abundant adult and immature mosquito collected in both communities, followed by Culiseta incidens, Culex stigmatosoma, and Culex tarsalis. Cx. stigmatosoma and Cx. tarsalis were more abundant in CO2 traps hung in tree canopy than at ground level and fed most frequently on birds. Cx. quinquefasciatus was abundant in both ground level and tree canopy CO2 traps and fed on both mammals and birds. Cs. incidens was collected most frequently by ground level CO2 traps and fed primarily on dogs. Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cs. incidens readily exploited peridomestic breeding sources, and resting adults were aggregated at houses with positive breeding sources. Although Cx. stigmatosoma and Cx. tarsalis larvae were collected primarily at peripheral breeding sources, the dispersion of resting adults was still clumped at houses within both communities. Mosquitoes were most abundant in the more affluent community due to an increased number of breeding sites created by automatic watering devices and poorly managed peripheral drainage channels. Resident opinion of recent mosquito annoyance was not related to the presence of mosquito breeding sources or the abundance of either resting or host-seeking mosquitoes.

[Entomological results of the malaria program of the Pasteur Institute in the Malagasy Highland Plateaux in 1987-1988]. / Résultats entomologiques du programme paludisme de l'Institut Pasteur,sur les hauts-plateaux malgaches, en 1987-1988.

An entomological survey carried out between october 1987 and july 1988 in Manarintsoa, a village 30 Km West of Antananarivo, shows that An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus are both vectors of malaria. The sporozoite rate was estimated at 0.71%, and the annual risk about 2 infectious bites per person. In all, more than 16,000 mosquitoes, belonging to at least 15 species, were caught over a period of 294 nights.

Research on parasitic arthropods of the Lake Zarnowieckie environs carried out in 1981-1985. Part II. Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae).

In the years 1981-1985 a total of 19,651 specimens mosquitoes were collected in the area of investigation--Lake Zarnowieckie environs. In that amount 15,072 specimens were identified. There were found 26 species belonging to 4 genera: Anopheles, Aedes, Culex and Culiseta. Some of the species found, such as Aedes cantans, Aedes punctor or Culex pipiens are troublesome pests and particularly aggressive to man, possible vectors of many diseases. In the cowsheds there were found 12 species, the most numerous were the specimens of Anopheles genera (92.1% of the collection). The species captured in the open area by means of the man bait were 17 in number. The highest aggressiveness to man was shown by Ae. punctor, Ae. cinereus, Ae. cantans and Ae. annulipes. In the water bodies among the preimaginal forms caught there identified were 22 species. The majority of them were: Culex pipiens and Aedes punctor. A seasonal activity of the Culicidae preimaginal forms was also observed. The considerable environmental changes caused by the construction of the nuclear power plant, and the work of the pump-storage power plant are, as it seems, the main cause of the changes in the species domination observed in this region. Any finau conclusions, however, can be drawn after the further investigations are completed.

[Mosquito net barriers for sample collection of zoophilic Culicidae]. / Barrière de tulle moustiquaire pour l'échantillonnage des Culicidés zoophiles.

Mosquito net fences 2.30-2.50 m high placed around cowsheds at their night resting sites have been successfully utilized to obtain large samples of malaria vectors of the Anopheles gambiae complex and of other mosquito species. Collections of blood-fed mosquitoes were carried out during the night by inspecting regularly the net side facing the animal enclosure. This sampling procedure has important advantages over alternative procedures based on direct collection on animal or on the use of animal-baited traps.

An evaluation of the hypothesis of transovarial transmission of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus by Culiseta melanura.

Evidence for and against the hypothesis of transovarial transmission by Culiseta melanura was obtained during an ongoing eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) surveillance and control program. Evidence inconsistent with transovarial transmission included failure to isolated virus from 1,047 larvae, from 2,140 first-brood adults, or from 8,919 males collected at the same time as 3,977 nonblooded females which yielded 12 EEE isolates. Evidence supporting the hypothesis was the isolation of virus from both blooded and nonblooded adults simultaneously and also from a population with a parity rate so low that the infection rate for parous specimens would have been 1:8. Two alternative hypotheses which assume transovarial transmission are advanced to explain these results, but they seem so unlikely that the data are interpreted as opposing the concept.

Distribution and density of mosquitoes in two endemic areas for bancroftian filariasis in Sorsogon, Philippines.

Mosquito density in Rangas where abaca is in abundance is much higher, almost twice, than that of Putiao where abaca is absent. The adult density of Aedes poecilus over Aedes ananae in the two areas combined is 3 to 4 times whereas the larval density of the former is much lower than Aedes ananae. The banana axils is a favorite breeding place for Aedes poecilus but may also utilize the abaca axils. This finding is very favorable in the transmission of bancroftian filariasis because this species of banana is planted around houses even closer to human dwelling than the abaca plants. Aedes poecilus being more anthropophylic than zoophylic can be domesticated as Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti which again is a factor in favor of ideal transmission of the disease. The fact that bananas are planted around houses both in villages and towns, transmission of the disease could easily occur in both places, which should be borne in mind when planning a control program. The number of dissected mosquitoes is too small to be of significance in vector determination.