Vagalumes e biografemas: poéticas e políticas públicas no desligamento institucional por maioridade / Fireflies and biographems: poetics and public policies regarding institutional removal due to adulthood / Luciérnagas y biografemas: poéticas y políticas públicas en desconexión institucional debido a la edad adulta

Este artigo versa sobre o processo de desligamento institucional por maioridade de jovens que residem em serviços de acolhimento. Aposta-se em uma política do sensível para visibilizar os encontros e desencontros que acontecem entre as e os jovens e as políticas públicas brasileiras. Para tanto, realizaram-se encontros com jovens que já haviam passado pelo processo de desligamento e com jovens que logo completariam 18 anos e teriam de sair das instituições de acolhimento. Para tornar visíveis essas existências, investiu-se na escrita de biografemas, inspirados na obra de Roland Barthes. Os conceitos de necropolítica e vidas precárias foram fundamentais para compreender as omissões do Estado no momento do desligamento. Verificou-se que o Estado pode maximizar a precariedade de algumas vidas, especialmente daquelas marcadas por características de raça, gênero e classe culturalmente marginalizados. Contudo, é também o encontro com as políticas públicas que garante melhores condições de vida para alguns, facilitando o acesso à universidade e ao mercado de trabalho. A pesquisa aponta que, diante do abandono, as e os jovens se fazem vagalumes, produzindo luminosidades em meio à escuridão e reivindicando o direito à vida.(AU)

This article discusses the process of institutional removal of young people that reside in foster care institutions for reaching adulthood. It relies on a politics of the sensitive to make visible the encounters and mismatches that take place between young people and Brazilian public policies. To do so, meetings were held with young people who had already experienced the removal process and with young people who would soon turn 18 and would have to leave the host institutions. To make these existences visible, this study invested in the writing of biographems, inspired by the works of Roland Barthes. The concepts of necropolitics and precarious lives were fundamental to understand the omissions of the State at the time of removal. It was also found that the State can maximize the precariousness of some lives, especially those marked by culturally marginalized race, gender, and class characteristics. However, it is also the encounter with public policies that ensures better living conditions for some, facilitating access to the university and the labor market. This research points out that, in the face of abandonment, young people become fireflies, producing luminosity amid the darkness and claiming the right to life.(AU)

Este artículo aborda el proceso de desconexión institucional justificado por la edad adulta de los jóvenes que residen en los servicios de acogida. Utilizamos una política sensible para hacer visibles las reuniones y los desajustes que tienen lugar entre los jóvenes y las políticas públicas brasileñas. Con este fin, se celebraron reuniones con los jóvenes que ya habían pasado por el proceso de desconexión institucional y también con los jóvenes que pronto cumplirían los 18 años y tendrían que abandonar las instituciones de acogida. Para hacer visibles estas existencias, se redactaron biografemas, inspirados en el trabajo de Roland Barthes. Los conceptos de necropolítica y vida precaria fueron fundamentales para comprender las omisiones del Estado en el momento de la desconexión. Se encontró que el Estado puede maximizar la precariedad de algunas vidas, principalmente de aquellas marcadas por características de raza, género y clase culturalmente marginadas. Sin embargo, el encuentro con las políticas también puede garantizar mejores condiciones de vida para algunos, facilitándoles el acceso a la universidad y al mercado laboral. Esta investigación señala que, ante el abandono, los jóvenes se convierten en luciérnagas, produciendo luminosidad en medio de la oscuridad y reclamando el derecho a la vida.(AU)

Processos de subjetivação em arte e saúde mental em um manicômio judiciário / Subjectivation processes in art and mental health in a judiciary asylum / Procesos de subjetivación en el arte y salud mental en un manicomio judicial

Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa-intervenção realizada em um Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico (HCTP). Por meio da cartografia, como método e modo de fazer pesquisa qualitativa em psicologia, e da utilização de objetos relacionais da arte em rodas de conversa, tenda do conto e círculos de cultura para a produção dos dados com "pacientes", agentes penitenciários e técnicos, objetivou-se: a) cartografar processos de subjetivação em arte e saúde mental de pacientes no cotidiano do HCTP; b) mapear a produção de subjetividades custodiadas e seus efeitos nos modos de subjetivação de pacientes; c) analisar modos de sujeição e resistência frente à produção de subjetividades custodiadas. A análise cartográfica dos dados mostra que há, nos processos de subjetivação dos "pacientes": a) problematização dos modos de sujeição às instituições que agenciam a produção de subjetividades custodiadas, principalmente do poder médico que decide quem está, ou não, apto para a vida em "liberdade"; b) modos de resistência à produção de subjetividades custodiadas, principalmente à excessiva medicalização e às grandes limitações na produção em saúde que atingem o HCTP. As conclusões apontam a arte como dispositivo, principalmente, e a poesia como objeto relacional com o fora da clausura para anunciar que o HCTP é visto pelos "pacientes", pelos agentes penitenciários e (passa a ser visto) também pelos cartógrafos como prisão, manicômio judiciário, e não como hospital; sendo cada participante da pesquisa não apenas um preso que utiliza psicotrópicos, mas também sujeito que pode devir autor para testemunhar o fracasso/sucesso da psiquiatrização da loucura.(AU)

This article is part of a broader intervention research conducted at a Custody and Psychiatric Treatment Hospital (HCTP). This study aimed to (a) map the processes of subjectivation in art and mental health in the daily life of patients of the HCTP; (b) to map the production of incarcerated subjectivities and its effects on subjectivation modes; and (c) to analyze subjection and resistance modes as a result of the production of incarcerated subjectivities. Data was collected using cartography and relational art objects in conversation circles and tale tents, based on the narratives of "patients", correctional officers and technicians of the custody unit. According to the cartographic analysis, patients problematize the subjection modes of the institutions responsible for producing their incarcerated subjectivities, especially in regard to the medical power that gets to decide who is apt for life in "freedom". Patients also showed resistance towards producing incarcerated subjectivities, mainly considering the excessive medicalization and major limitations in the healthcare provided by HCTP. The results indicate that "patients", penitentiary agents, and even cartographers perceive the HCTP as a prison (Judicial Asylum) rather than as a hospital. Each participant is not only a prisoner who use psychotropic drugs, but also a subject capable of testifying the failure/success of the psychiatrization of madness.(AU)

Este artículo es parte de una investigación-acción realizada en el Hospital de Custodia y Tratamiento Psiquiátrico (HCTP). Por medio de la cartografía como método y modo de hacer investigación cualitativa en psicología, y de la utilización de objetos relacionales del arte en ruedas de conversación, tienda del cuento y círculos de narrativas de la cultura para la producción de datos con "pacientes", agentes penitenciarios y técnicos del HCTP, se tuvo por objetivo: a) cartografiar los procesos de subjetivación en el arte y en la salud mental de pacientes en el cotidiano del HCTP; b) trazar la producción de subjetividades custodiadas y sus efectos en los modos de subjetivación de pacientes; c) analizar modos de sujeción y resistencia frente a la producción de subjetividades custodiadas. El análisis de la cartografía revela que existe en los procesos de subjetivación de los "pacientes": a) problemática de los modos de sujeción a las instituciones que gerencian la producción de subjetividades custodiadas, sobre todo el poder médico que decide quién está apto o no para vivir en "libertad"; b) formas de resistencia a la producción de subjetividades custodiadas, especialmente la medicalización excesiva y las grandes limitaciones a la producción en salud que afecta el HCTP. Las conclusiones apuntan al arte como dispositivo, principalmente la poesía como objeto relacional con el fuera de la clausura para anunciar que el HCTP es visto por los "pacientes", por los agentes penitenciarios y pasa a ser visto también por los cartógrafos como una prisión, un manicomio judicial, pero no como un hospital, siendo cada participante de la investigación no solo un detenido que utiliza psicotrópicos, sino también un sujeto que puede devenir autor para testimoniar el fracaso/éxito de la psiquiatrización de la locura.(AU)

Research protocol of a multifaceted prospective mixed-method longitudinal study: Navigating Through Life - Western Australian study of transitions from out-of-home care.

BACKGROUND: Developing robust evidence is a challenge for researchers working with disadvantaged or vulnerable populations. For example, research shows that young people who have transitioned from out-of-home care (OOHC) to independent adulthood often experience poor long-term outcomes. However, evidence for the aetiology of those outcomes is weak due to methodological limitations such as small sample sizes and a lack of longitudinal data. This paper details the protocol for Navigating Through Life, a study that utilises novel research methods to better understand the pathways and outcomes of young people as they leave OOHC in Western Australia (WA). METHODS: Navigating Through Life is a longitudinal, mixed methods, population-based study. A prospective longitudinal study of young people aged 15-25 years will follow participants' experiences and outcomes over a two-year period. Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected from participants five times over 2 years, using standardised outcome measures and individual interviews. Outcome measures focus on key dimensions of young people's lives (e.g., social inclusion, well-being, resilience, self-determination). Interviews examine important influences and the variable contexts into which young people have transitioned from care. In addition, retrospective population-level data for young people transitioning from OOHC will be obtained from linked Western Australian government administrative records. Using a multitude of data sources, analysis will map pathways and outcomes of young people with care experience, and comparisons will be made with other population groups within WA. DISCUSSION: Navigating Through Life exemplifies a novel utilisation of multiple data sources to research outcomes for vulnerable and difficult to reach populations, and offers insights for other complex mixed-methods longitudinal studies. Results will provide new and more comprehensive data about specific pathways that may be influential to a range of post-care outcomes. Findings will extend evidence to inform better service-delivery models that improve outcomes and reduce disparities for vulnerable young people.

Control of measles in a juvenile custodial setting in the wake of the recent US outbreak.

The recent US measles outbreak is the largest since 1992. It is just a matter of time before measles is introduced into a juvenile custodial setting. Are we prepared? Should we be prepared? This short article addresses steps institutional settings should take to prevent the spread of measles in a contained setting.

Carga de cuidado de los cuidadores familiares y nivel de dependencia de su familiar / Burden of care of family caregivers and level of dependency of their family member / Carga de cuidado dos cuidadores familiares e nível de dependência do parente

Introducción: La enfermedad crónica, los procesos terminales, la vejez y la supervivencia de personas con comorbilidades, discapacidades físicas o psíquicas, además de los cambios en los sistemas de salud, han trasladado el cuidado a la familia y a los cuidadores familiares. Objetivo: Determinar la carga del cuidado en el cuidador familiar y el nivel de dependencia funcional o enfermedad crónica de su familiar. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte trasversal, desarrollado en la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia) de noviembre de 2017 a septiembre de 2019. La muestra fueron 494 personas, a conveniencia. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Zarit, Pulses y variables sociodemográficas. Los datos se analizaron con el programa SPSS versión 25. A las variables de tipo cuantitativo se les aplicaron medidas de centro y dispersión. Para las cualitativas se analizaron sus frecuencias. Resultados: El 89,7 % de la muestra son del sexo femenino, con una edad media de 53,5 años; el 39 % está soltero; el 75,6 % estudió hasta secundaria; el 83,1 % se dedica al hogar y lleva como cuidador 8,6 años, y el 87,9 % es el cuidador principal, con problemas del sistema cardiovascular, nervioso y osteomuscular. Para el 29,4 % de los participantes la carga es severa, seguida de moderada y el nivel de dependencia de la persona que cuidan es severo, en el 71 % de los casos. Conclusiones: En nuestro medio, la mayoría son cuidadoras, solteras, encargadas del hogar y cuidan a un familiar (padre-hijo). La sobrecarga del cuidado es excesiva, porque cuidan a personas con dependencia severa.

Introduction: Changes in healthcare systems, in addition to chronic illness, terminal processes, old age, and survival of people with comorbidities, physical or mental disabilities, have transferred care to families and family caregivers. Objective: To determine the burden of care on family caregivers and the level of functional dependency or chronic illness of their family member. Method: Quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out in the city of Medellin (Colombia) from November 2017 to September 2019. The sample was comprised of 494 people, as appropriate. The Zarit and Pulses instruments were applied, and sociodemographic variables were taken into account. Data were analyzed with the SPSS version 25 program. Measures of centrality and dispersion were applied to the quantitative variables. Frequencies were analyzed for qualitative variables. Results: 89.7% of the sample are female, with a mean age of 53.5 years; 39% are single; 75.6% studied until high school; 83.1% are in charge of household tasks and have been a caregiver for 8.6 years, and 87.9% are the main caregiver, with problems of the cardiovascular, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems. For 29.4% of the participants, the burden is severe, followed by moderate, and the level of dependency of the person they care for is severe in 71% of the cases. Conclusions: In our environment, the majority of caregivers are single women, housekeepers, and take care of a relative (father, son). The overload of care is excessive because they care for people with severe dependency.

Introdução: Doenças crônicas, processos terminais, velhice e sobrevivência de pessoas com comorbilidades, deficiências físicas ou psíquicas, além de alterações nos sistemas de saúde, trasladaram o cuidado para a família e cuidadores familiares. Objetivo: Determinar a carga de cuidado no cuidador familiar e o nível de dependência funcional ou doença crônica do familiar. Método: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo de corte transversal, realizado na cidade de Medellín (Colômbia) de novembro de 2017 a setembro de 2019. A amostra foi de 494 pessoas aleatórias. Os instrumentos Zarit, Pulses e variáveis sócio-demográficas foram aplicados. Os dados foram analisados com o programa SPSS versão 25. Medidas de centro e dispersão foram aplicadas às variáveis de tipo quantitativo. Para as qualitativas analisaram-se as frequências. Resultados: 89,7% da amostra são de sexo feminino, com idade média de 53,5 anos; 39 % são solteiros; 75,6% estudaram até secundário; 83,1% são donos da casa e cuidam há 8,6 anos, e 87,9 % são principais cuidadores, com problemas de sistema cardiovascular, nervoso e musculoesquelético. Para 29,4 % dos participantes, o ônus é grave, seguido de moderado e o nível de dependência da pessoa que cuida é grave, em 71 % dos casos. Conclusões: No nosso meio, a maioria é cuidadora, solteiras, dona da casa e cuida de parente (pai-filho). A sobrecarga do cuidado é excessiva porque elas cuidam de pessoas com dependência grave.

How do grandparents influence child health and development? A systematic review.

Grandparents are often a key source of care provision for their grandchildren, yet they are sidelined in caregiving research and policy decisions. We conducted a global, systematic review of the literature to examine the scope and quality of studies to date (PROSPERO database CRD42019133894). We screened 12,699 abstracts across 7 databases, and identified 206 studies that examined how grandparents influence child health and development. Indicators of grandparent involvement were contact, caregiving behaviors, and financial support. Our review focused on two research questions: how do grandparents influence child health and development outcomes, and what range of child outcomes is reported globally? We examined study design, sample characteristics, key findings, and outcomes pertaining to grandchildren's physical health, socio-emotional and behavioral health, and cognitive and educational development.  Our search captured studies featuring grandparent custodial care (n = 35), multigenerational care (n = 154), and both types of care (n = 17). We found substantial heterogeneity in the data provided on co-residence, caregiving roles, resources invested, outcomes, and mechanisms through which "grandparent effects" are manifested. We identified two important issues, related to operationalizing indicators of grandparent involvement and conceptualizing potential mechanisms, leading to gaps in the evidence base. Currently, our understanding of the pathways through which grandparents exert their influence is constrained by limited data on what grandparents actually do and insufficient attention given to interpersonal and structural contexts. We present a conceptual framework to explicitly measure and theorize pathways of care, with a view to inform research design and policy implementation. We underscore the need for more robust data on three indicators of caregiver involvement-contact, behavior, and support-and for careful description of structural and interpersonal contexts in caregiving research.

Internados en casa: del manicomio a la «institución doméstica total» / Caged at home: from the asylum to the «total domestic institution»

A partir de una etnografía realizada en Barcelona y Tarragona entre 2013 y 2014 se problematizan las interacciones y relaciones de personas diagnosticadas con trastorno mental grave y sus familiares en el espacio doméstico. A través de una comparación de las dinámicas y lógicas del hospital mental extraídas de las etnografías del custodialismo y las del espacio doméstico, se pone de relieve la proyección y reproducción de dinámicas manicomiales en el ámbito familiar. Desde una lectura cultural del espacio doméstico, los ejemplos etnográficos sirven para argumentar que el modelo de externalización actual perpetúa la cronificación y la hospitalización doméstica de los pacientes (AU)

Based on an ethnography carried out in Barcelona and Tarragona between 2013 and 2014, this article problematizes the interactions and relationships of people diagnosed with severe mental disorder and their relatives at home. Through a comparison of the dynamics and logics of the mental hospital as described in classic ethnographies of mental asylums and those of domestic spaces, the projection and reproduction of asylum features at home are highlighted. From a cultural perspective of the domestic space, these ethnographic examples suggest that the current externalized model of psychiatric care causes domestic hospitalization and tends to perpetuate the patient’s chronification (AU)

The Health of the Nation's Custodial Grandfathers and Older Single Fathers: Findings From the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Two important parent groups are solo grandfathers and single fathers raising children alone. The health of male caregivers raising children has received little attention by scholars. Investigating the health of single male caregivers raises awareness about their physical vulnerability. This study uses the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to compare health characteristics of 82 solo grandfathers with 396 single fathers aged 50 years and older. The findings suggest that grandfathers exhibited a high prevalence for various health conditions, including diabetes (44%), heart attack (27%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (23%), and stroke (6%). Almost half of grandfathers rated their health as fair/poor (47%), and nearly two in five had functional limitations (38%). Although older single fathers had better health characteristics than grandfathers, their health profile was poorer than population norms. Logistic regression analysis suggests that solo grandfathers are more at risk for poor health outcomes than older single fathers. Practice interventions to minimize health risks are discussed.

Habilidades funcionais e assistência do cuidador de crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down / Functional habilities and caregivers assistance of children and adolescents with Down syndrome

Introdução: A síndrome de Down (SD) é uma das cromossomopatias mais frequentes em todo o mundo e é a causa mais comum de deficiência intelectual.. Embora trabalhos disponibilizem evidências sobre as limitações em atividades e restrição na participação de pessoas com SD, informações sobre o impacto destas limitações na família e principalmente uma caracterização da assistência necessária pelo cuidador ainda é uma área pouco explorada, mas necessária para organizar um programa de reabilitação. Objetivo: Analisar as habilidades funcionais de crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Down e a assistência oferecida pelos cuidadores, o que será fundamental para organização de programas de reabilitação. Método: Trata-se de trabalho analítico, transversal em que foram entrevistados 100 pais/cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes com SD através do Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidades (PEDI). As habilidade funcionais e a assistência oferecida pelos cuidadores obtidas foram distribuídas em gráficos de dispersão. Para as análises estatísticas foram utilizados os softwares MedCalc versão 16.8.4 e GraphPad Prism versão 6.07. Resultados: Crianças e adolescentes com SD necessitam maior tempo para aquisição das habilidades de auto-cuidado, mobilidade e função social, sendo mais evidente nas duas últimas. Seus pais conseguem identificar melhor suas dificuldades antes dos 8 anos e necessitam de apoio profissional especializado a partir dessa faixa etária para auxiliar o desenvolvimento das potencialidades de seus filhos. Conclusão: Os pais conseguem identificar as dificuldades de seus filhos em idades mais precoces e oferecem mais assistência, porém não ocorre o mesmo à medida que atingem a idade escolar, indicando a necessidade de apoio profissional nesse período que não se restrinja às orientações e à escola

Introduction: Down Syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal disorders worldwide and is the most common cause of intellectual disability. Although there is evidence of limitations in activities and restriction of participation in people with DS, information about the impact of these limitations on the family and especially a characterization of the care needed by the caregiver is still an unexplored but necessary area to organize a rehabilitation program. Objective: To analyze the functional abilities of children and adolescents with Down Syndrome and the care provided by caregivers, which will be fundamental for the organization of rehabilitation programs. Method: This is an analytical, transversal work in which 100 parents / caregivers of children and adolescents with DS were interviewed through the Pediatric Assessment of Disabilities Inventory (PEDI). The functional skills and care provided by the caregivers obtained were distributed in scatter plots. Statistical analyzes were performed using MedCalc software version 16.8.4 and GraphPad Prism version 6.07. Results: Children and adolescents with DS need more time to acquire the abilities of self-care, mobility and social function, being more evident in the last two. Their parents are able to better identify their difficulties before they are 8 years old and require specialized professional support from this age group to help their children\'s development. Conclusion: Parents are able to identify the difficulties of their children at a younger age and offer more assistance, but they do not do so as they reach school age, indicating the need for professional support in this period that is not restricted to guidelines and school

Diseño, planificación y organización de la Unidad de Custodia Hospitalaria del Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón / Design, planning and management of the hospital custody unit at Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón

Objetivo: Diseñar y organizar la Unidad de Custodia Hospitalaria (UCH) en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón (HUFA), adecuada a los objetivos para la atención sanitaria especializada extrapenitenciaria de los internos que sufren una enfermedad, creando un entorno que facilita la vida diaria asistencial en el hospital y que responde a la doble función de lugar de custodia y espacio favorecedor de la rehabilitación de la salud. Material y método: Se realizó una búsqueda en la literatura científica en las bases de datos internacionales, así como nacionales sobre unidades de acceso restringido O unidades de custodia. Resultados: Diseño, planificación y organización de la Unidad de Custodia Hospitalaria del HUFA. Realización del Protocolo de Actuación de la Unidad de Custodia Hospitalaria del HUFA así como la Guía Rápida de Actuación para dicha Unidad. Discusión: La UCH va a permitir compatibilizar la actividad asistencial, la seguridad de los profesionales y la custodia de los pacientes privados de libertad. Para ello se requiere consensuar protocolos con los Cuerpos y Fuerzas de Seguridad del Estado y de asistencia entre los equipos sanitarios de los centros penitenciarios y del hospital de referencia, así como reforzar los cuidados especializados en salud mental e impulsar la telemedicina y las nuevas tecnologías para agilizar y acercar la prestación sanitaria y coordinar eficazmente el trabajo de los profesionales (AU)

Objective: The design and management of a Hospital Custody Unit at Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, to focus the aim of this study on specialized medical care for extra-penitentiary patients who have suffered from a disease. We are building a new space to facilitate their daily lives at hospital and we want to offer a double function to the patients that consists of a custody space and a health rehabilitation space. Material and methods: We carried out a scientific literature search on the international and national databases, about Hospital Custody Units or Restricted Access Units. The language of the reviews that we checked was English and Spanish. Results: We wrote the Action Guide of the Hospital Custody Unit for the design, planning and management of the Hospital Custody Unit at Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón. (We included complementary bibliographic material and the Quick Guide in the Unit). Discussion: The Hospital Custody Unit will be compatible with medical activity, occupational safety and the custody of patients that are in prison. We thus require consensus with police departments about custody protocols along with assistance from the clinicians’ teams at penitentiary centers and referral hospitals. Furthermore, it is important to step up special care for mental health and to promote telemedicine and new technologies to streamline medical care along with coordination with healthcare professionals (AU)

Indian Child Welfare Act Proceedings. Final rule.

This final rule adds a new subpart to the Department of the Interior's (Department) regulations implementing the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), to improve ICWA implementation. The final rule addresses requirements for State courts in ensuring implementation of ICWA in Indian child-welfare proceedings and requirements for States to maintain records under ICWA.

Modelo de intervención y retos en el acogimiento familiar: la experiencia de la Fundación Márgenes y Vínculos / No disponible

En este trabajo se realiza una aproximación a la intervención profesional en acogimiento familiar en Andalucía, exponiendo información relevante acerca de las Instituciones Colaboradoras de Integración Familiar (ICIF) habilitadas en nuestra comunidad autónoma y deteniéndonos particularmente en la práctica profesional de la Fundación Márgenes y Vínculos de Sevilla. Dicha práctica profesional está regulada en un marco jurídico al cual se hace referencia. Se define la diversa tipología del recurso de acogimiento familiar y se lleva a cabo un acercamiento a la población con quienes se desarrolla el quehacer profesional en el día a día. En el presente artículo también se presenta un recorrido a través de las diferentes fases del trabajo profesional en acogimiento familiar y las funciones que desempeña el equipo multidisciplinar. Finalmente, se recogen los retos actuales en el acogimiento familiar, tratando mirar hacia el futuro en una medida que cada vez adquiere una mayor relevancia en el sistema de protección de menores

In this paper, we provide insight into professional intervention in foster care in Andalusia. We expose further information about the Family Integration Collaborating Institutions (ICIF in Spanish) enabled in Andalucía and we particularly focus on the professional practice of Fundación Márgenes y Vínculos in Seville. This professional practice is regulated by a legal framework which we also reference in the paper. At the same time, we define the typology of fostering and we approach the foster population on which our daily professional practice is based. In the paper, we present several phases of professional work in foster care and tasks relevant to multidisciplinary team. Finally, the current challenges of fostering are explained in order to look to the future of foster care, a measure that is becoming increasingly relevant in child protection system

La investigación en acogimiento familiar: de la descripción a los procesos de adaptación y desarrollo / No disponible

Este artículo presenta una revisión de algunas líneas de investigación centradas en el acogimiento familiar sobre las que sería conveniente ampliar nuestro conocimiento, particularmente en España. Para que la medida de acogimiento familiar se ajuste mejor a las necesidades de los menores es fundamental dar el salto de los estudios descriptivos al análisis de los procesos relacionados con una mejor adaptación. Con motivo de una investigación actualmente en marcha por los autores, en este artículo se repasan algunas de las áreas más relevantes para el desarrollo de los menores en acogimiento familiar que aún están escasamente estudiadas. Concretamente, las áreas revisadas son la auto-regulación, las representaciones mentales de apego, la salud mental y la familia acogedora como contexto de recuperación. En cada una de ellas se subraya su importancia en el acogimiento familiar y se repasan los estudios más relevantes. El artículo finaliza con algunas conclusiones derivadas de la revisión

The current paper is a review of some research lines on foster care in which we need a greater knowledge, particularly in Spain. If we want foster care to be better adjusted to children needs, it is essential to move beyond descriptive studies to tackle processes and mechanisms that lead to a better adjustment. This article reviews some of these relevant areas for children development that are still scarcely studied in foster care, in line with a current research project by the authors. The areas reviewed are self-regulation, mental representations of attachment, mental health and the foster family as a context for recovery. In each area, it’s emphasized its relevance for foster care, and the major studies are reviewed. The article ends with some conclusions derived from the literature review

Socio-cultural profile of Bapedi traditional healers as indigenous knowledge custodians and conservation partners in the Blouberg area, Limpopo Province, South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Bapedi traditional healers of Blouberg are custodians of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants of this region. They provide primary health care to a large number of people in the Blouberg area of South Africa. There is concern that this profession is dying out, which may be detrimental to the Blouberg community and to biodiversity conservation in the area. METHODS: Thirty two healers and 30 community members were interviewed between March 2011 and July 2013 around Blouberg Mountain in the Blouberg Municipality. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to elucidate socio-cultural and demographic variables and healing customs of practicing healers. Attitudes to sustainable management of medicinal plants were captured. A second semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather information on community members' views of traditional healers and their practices. RESULTS: Sixty seven percent of interviewed community members visited traditional healers. Female traditional healers dominated (80%) the profession. Sixty four percent of the healers have no formal education, with only 4% having secondary school education. Seventy nine percent of healers see between 15 and 20 patients per month. Clinics and a hospital in the vicinity have resulted in a shift by the community from using tradition-based healing to that of allopathic health care. Most interviewed traditional healers (71%) are in favour of conservation actions to prevent over-harvesting, as 86% believe that indiscriminate collecting is compromising the flora of the area. Most (93%) are willing to use cultivated plants. CONCLUSIONS: State health care has negatively influenced the practice of traditional healing as patients now first consult government health centres before turning to traditional healers. In the past, traditional healing has been ignored because, as an oral history, it could not be included in school curricula or government policy documents. Those traditional healers who learn to write will have the skills to document and safeguard their own knowledge. This can help to prevent the erosion of knowledge around Blouberg's medicinal plants and support the conservation of natural resources in the area. Adult learning programmes might therefore be worth implementing amongst healers.

Proceso de atención de enfermería en el fomento deactividad física de adultos mayores institucionalizados / Nursing care process in promoting physical activity in institutionalized elderly

Medir la eficacia del proceso de atención de enfermería (PAE) en el fomento de la actividadfísica de adultos mayores, internados en cinco centros de bienestar del anciano del ÁreaMetropolitana Centro-Occidente de Colombia.MetodologíaIntervención comunitaria, con selección aleatoria y grupo control. 30 participantes en cadagrupo. En ambos grupos se aplicó PAE (excepto intervención) con taxonomía NANDANIC-NOC. Se valoraron los 13 dominios, el déficit cognitivo, la capacidad funcional y ladependencia. Se priorizaron tres diagnósticos y por cada uno se planearon tres resultadoscon escalas NOC de 4 indicadores cada una. Un grupo fue intervenido según diagnósticorelevante durante 10 sesiones, el otro siguió la rutina del CBA. Análisis comparativo depuntajes NOC. El incremento promedio de un punto por participante en cada NOC indicóeficacia.ResultadosGrupos similares excepto en género (p=0,017), predominio de mujeres (60,0%). Adultosmayores de 75 años (72,0%), con algún grado de demencia senil (63,0%) y alteracionesfuncionales marcadas en flexibilidad y agilidad. En puntajes NOC no hubo diferenciassignificativas entre grupos. Intervención eficaz en cuatro NOC: Deambulación: caminata,tolerancia a la actividad, forma física y resistencia. Ganaron independencia 10 personasdel grupo intervenido y 3 del grupo control (p=0,0004).ConclusionesSe reafirma el uso del PAE para la gestión del cuidado. Se aporta un esquema práctico demedición de eficacia del cuidado, adaptado a la condición del adulto mayor...

To measure the effectiveness of the implementation of the nursing care process (NCP) inpromoting physical activity for older adults hospitalized in five wellness centers elder ofMetropolitan Center-West of Colombia.MethodologyStudy of community Intervention, randomly selecting and control group. 30 participantsin each group. In both groups PAE was applied (except for intervention) with taxonomyNANDA-NIC-NOC. The three domains were assessed: cognitive impairment, functionalcapacity and dependence. Three diagnoses were prioritized and three outcomes wereplanned with stops NOC 4 indicators for each diagnose. One group was operated as relevantdiagnosis during 10 sessions, the other followed the routine of the CBA. Comparativeanalysis of scores NOC. The average increase of one point for each participant indicatedNOC efficiency.ResultsSimilar groups except gender (p = 0,017), predominance of women (60,0%). Adults over75 years (72,0%), with some degree of senile dementia (63,0%) and functional alterationsmarked in flexibility and agility. In scores NOC there was no significant difference betweengroups. There was effective intervention in four NOC: Wandering: walk; activity tolerance;fitness and strength. 10 people in the intervention group gained independence and 3 in thecontrol group (p = 0,0004).ConclusionsThe use of NCP to manage care is reaffirmed. A practical scheme for measuring effectivenessof care, adapted to the condition of the elderly is provided...

Results From Three Performance Validity Tests (PVTs) in Adults With Intellectual Deficits.

Previous studies of performance on the Word Memory Test (WMT; Green, 2003 ; Green & Astner, 1995 ) in adults with very low intelligence have provided conflicting evidence. Most studies suggest that a Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) less than 70 cannot explain failure on the WMT, but Shandera et al. ( 2010 ) suggest that many adults with mental retardation (MR) cannot pass the WMT. If so, we would expect adults with such low intelligence to fail the WMT at a high rate, even if they were motivated to perform well. In the current study, parents with an FSIQ of 70 or less, who were seeking custody of their children, rarely failed the WMT or the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT; Green, 2004 ). They did not fail the WMT or MSVT any more often than adults of higher intelligence. On the other hand, adults with an external incentive to appear impaired scored significantly lower on the WMT and MSVT than did parents with an incentive to look good. The data strongly suggest that MR with an FSIQ in the range of 46 to 70 is not sufficient to explain failure on these performance validity tests by adults.