La medicina de los niños en tiempos de Cervantes. Primeras monografías médicas pediátricas en España hace 400 años / Children's medicine in the times of Cervantes. First paediatric monographs in Spain four hundred years ago

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Produção científica da enfermagem de centro cirúrgico de 2003 a 2013 / Scientific Production in Perioperative Nursing from 2003 to 2013

Identificar a produção da enfermagem de Centro Cirúrgico em português. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura dos estudos primários indexados na base de dados Lilacs, no idioma português, utilizando o descritor ?enfermagem em Centro Cirúrgico?, publicados entre 2003 a2013, utilizando um instrumento disponível na literatura, avaliação crítica dos estudos primários incluídos, análise e síntese descritiva dos resultados da revisão. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída de 47 artigos, divididos nas categorias: assistência e segurança ao paciente (n=14), educação (n=10), gestão e administração (n=10), saúde do trabalhador (n=5), campos de atuação para o enfermeiro (n=4), comunicação e ética (n=3) e assistência aos familiares (n=1). Conclusão: As principais temáticas estudadas foram a assistência e segurança do paciente adulto, o papel de gerência e assistência do enfermeiro, o ensino da disciplina cirúrgica na graduação e os fatores que afetam a saúde da equipe de Centro Cirúrgico...

Birth defect registries: the vagaries of management- the British Columbia and Alberta case histories.

Birth defect surveillance is of increasing interest and importance, especially since the discovery that folic acid fortification or supplementation can prevent a large proportion of neural tube defects. Funding is a constant problem, but management or policy can also lead to changes in ascertainment and quality, and even to the threat of actual closure. This is a case study of 2 Canadian registries-British Columbia and Alberta-from an historical point of view. The lessons here are applicable to many registries or surveillance systems. To succeed, 4 things must be in place-stated objectives of the program, funding (preferably government, but may start with a grant or foundation), support from public health departments, and someone to champion the cause. The importance of medical consultants cannot be overstated.

Análisis bibliométrico y temático de la producción científica sobre ácidos grasos omega-3 indizada en las bases de datos internacionales sobre ciencias de la salud / Biblometric and thematic analysis on the scientific literatura about omega-3 fattty acids indexed international datebaseson health sciences

Objetivo: Evaluar mediante el análisis bibliométrico y temático la producción científica sobre ácidos grasos omega-3 indizada en las bases de datos internacionales sobre ciencias de la salud, estableciendo a su vez una base comparativa para análisis futuros. Método: Las búsquedas se realizaron, con el Descriptor (MeSH, como Major Topic) "Fatty Acids, Omega-3" desde la primera fecha disponible hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2010. Bases de datos consultadas: MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, CINAHLy LILACS. Resultados: El artículo original fue la tipología documental más frecuente. La obsolescencia se estableció en 5 años. La distribución geográfica de los autores que aparecen como primer firmante fue estadounidense, estando los artículos escritos predominantemente en inglés. La población a estudio fue el 90,98% (IC95% 89,25-92,71) adultos humanos. Los documentos se clasificaron en 59 áreas temáticas; el tema más estudiado, 16,24% (IC95% 14,4-18,04) relacionado con los ácidos grasos omega-3, fueron las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Conclusión: Este estudio indica que la literatura científica sobre ácidos grasos omega-3 se trata de un área de conocimiento de plena vigencia y actualidad, donde predominan las instituciones anglosajonas y está orientado principalmente al estudio de las enfermedades cardiovasculares (AU)

Objective: To evaluate by bibliometric and thematic analysis the scientific literature on omega-3 fatty acids indexed in international databases on health sciences and to establish a comparative base for future analysis. Method: Searches were conducted with the descriptor (MeSH, as Major Topic) "Fatty Acids, Omega-3" from the first date available until December 31, 2010. Databases consulted: MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, CINAHL and LILACS. Results: The most common type of document was originals articles. Obsolescence was set at 5 years. The geographical distribution of authors who appear as first author was EEUU and the articles were written predominantly in English. The study population was 90.98% (95% CI 89.25 to 92.71) adult humans. The documents were classified into 59 subject areas and the most studied topic 16.24% (95% CI 14.4 to 18.04) associated with omega-3, was cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: This study indicates that the scientific lite - rature on omega-3 fatty acids is a full force area of knowledge. The Anglo-Saxon institutions dominate the scientific production and it is mainly oriented to the study of cardiovascular disease (AU)

Origin and evolution of high throughput screening.

This article reviews the origin and evolution of high throughput screening (HTS) through the experience of an individual pharmaceutical company, revealing some of the mysteries of the early stages of drug discovery to the wider pharmacology audience. HTS in this company (Pfizer, Groton, USA) had its origin in natural products screening in 1986, by substituting fermentation broths with dimethyl sulphoxide solutions of synthetic compounds, using 96-well plates and reduced assay volumes of 50-100 microl. A nominal 30 mM source compound concentration provided high microM assay concentrations. Starting at 800 compounds each week, the process reached a steady state of 7200 compounds per week by 1989. Screening in the Applied Biotechnology and Screening Group was centralized with screens operating in lock-step to maximize efficiency. Initial screens were full files run in triplicate. Autoradiography and image analysis were introduced for (125)I receptor ligand screens. Reverse transcriptase (RT) coupled with quantitative PCR and multiplexing addressed several targets in a single assay. By 1992 HTS produced 'hits' as starting matter for approximately 40% of the Discovery portfolio. In 1995, the HTS methodology was expanded to include ADMET targets. ADME targets required each compound to be physically detected leading to the development of automated high throughput LC-MS. In 1996, 90 compounds/week were screened in microsomal, protein binding and serum stability assays. Subsequently, the mutagenic Ames assay was adapted to a 96-well plate liquid assay and novel algorithms permitted automated image analysis of the micronucleus assay. By 1999 ADME HTS was fully integrated into the discovery cycle.

A short history of data banking in the United States from 1974 to 2003.

There have been 4 major longitudinal data banking efforts within the United States: ARAMIS, the Western Consortium, and the individual data banks of Drs. Ted Pincus and Fred Wolfe. ARAMIS began in the 1970s, and helped to develop the language and methodology of rheumatology data banks using biannual surveys. The National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases used the ARAMIS model beginning in the late 1990s to form a very large contemporary rheumatology data bank. Hybrid models using both survey data and clinical data were put into practice by Pincus and Wolfe, and by Paulus at the Western Consortium.