Phytochemical and biological assessment of secondary metabolites isolated from a rhizosphere strain, Sphingomonas sanguinis DM of Datura metel.

BACKGROUND: The plant roots excrete a large number of organic compounds into the soil. The rhizosphere, a thin soil zone around the roots, is a hotspot for microbial activity, making it a crucial component of the soil ecosystem. Secondary metabolites produced by rhizospheric Sphingomonas sanguinis DM have sparked significant curiosity in investigating their possible biological impacts. METHODS: A bacterial strain has been isolated from the rhizosphere of Datura metel. The bacterium's identification, fermentation, and working up have been outlined. The ethyl acetate fraction of the propagated culture media of Sphingomonas sanguinis DM was fractioned and purified using various chromatographic techniques. The characterization of the isolated compounds was accomplished through the utilization of various spectroscopic techniques, such as UV, MS, 1D, and 2D-NMR. Furthermore, the evaluation of their antimicrobial activity was conducted using the agar well diffusion method, while cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT test. RESULTS: The extract from Sphingomonas sanguinis DM provided two distinct compounds: n-dibutyl phthalic acid (1) and Bis (2-methyl heptyl) phthalate (2) within its ethyl acetate fraction. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA gene sequence of Sphingomonas sanguinis DM has been registered under the NCBI GenBank database with the accession number PP422198. The bacterial extract exhibited its effect against gram-positive bacteria, inhibiting Streptococcus mutans (12.6 ± 0.6 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (10.6 ± 0.6 mm) compared to standard antibiotics. Conversely, compound 1 showed a considerable effect against phytopathogenic fungi such as Alternaria alternate (56.3 ± 10.6 mm) and Fusarium oxysporum (21.3 ± 1.5 mm) with a MIC value of 17.5 µg/mL. However, it was slightly active against Klebsiella pneumonia (11.0 ± 1.0 mm). Furthermore, compound 2 was the most active metabolite, having a significant antimicrobial efficacy against Rhizoctonia solani (63.6 ± 1.1 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.7 ± 0.6 mm), and Alternaria alternate (20.3 ± 0.6 mm) with MIC value at 15 µg/mL. In addition, compound 2 exhibited the most potency against hepatocellular (HepG-2) and skin (A-431) carcinoma cell lines with IC50 values of 107.16 µg/mL and 111.36 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION: Sphingomonas sanguinis DM, a rhizosphere bacterium of Datura metel, was studied for its phytochemical and biological characteristics, resulting in the identification of two compounds with moderate antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.

Combined untargeted metabolomics and network pharmacology approaches to reveal the therapeutic role of withanolide B in psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a refractory inflammatory skin disorder in which keratinocyte hyperproliferation is a crucial pathogenic factor. Up to now, it is commonly acknowledged that psoriasis has a tight connection with metabolic disorders. Withanolides from Datura metel L. (DML) have been proved to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties in multiple diseases including psoriasis. Withanolide B (WB) is one of the abundant molecular components in DML. However, existing experimental studies regarding the potential effects and mechanisms of WB on psoriasis still remain lacking. Present study aimed to integrate network pharmacology and untargeted metabolomics strategies to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of WB on metabolic disorders in psoriasis. In our study, we observed that WB might effectively improve the symptoms of psoriasis and alleviate the epidermal hyperplasia in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mice. Both network pharmacology and untargeted metabolomics results suggested that arachidonic acid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism pathways were linked to the treatment of psoriasis with WB. Meanwhile, we also found that WB may affect the expression of regulated enzymes 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), 12-LOX, ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) and arginase 1 (ARG1) in the arachidonic acid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism pathways. In summary, this paper showed the potential metabolic mechanisms of WB against psoriasis and suggested that WB would have greater potential in psoriasis treatment.

Efficacy of extracts from Datura Metel L. for Psoriasis: a meta-analysis of case series and single-arm studies.

BACKGROUND: Datura Metel L. has been used to treat psoriasis in China for a long time. The effect of extracts from Datura Metel L. for Psoriasis has not been previously confirmed. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of extracts from Datura Metel L. for patients with psoriasis. METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and other databases were searched from database inception until to September 1, 2021. A quality assessment and data extraction were performed by 2 independent reviews. We used a random-effects meta-analysis model to estimate the pooled curative effect, pooled odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Nine studies were included in Meta-analysis, including a total number of 1778 patients with psoriasis. The case cure rate of Datura Metel L. intravenous therapy was 0.48 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.62) and of Datura Metel L. oral therapy was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.68), respectively. The case effective rate of Datura Metel L. intravenous therapy was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.97) and of Datura Metel L. oral therapy was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.99), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The extracts from Datura Metel L. showed the potential to treat psoriasis, and intravenous therapy might be a promising treatment to cure psoriasis, which is likely affected by selection and publication bias, still need more high quality clinical studies.

Datura metel L. leaf extract mediated sodium alginate polymer membrane for supercapacitor and food packaging applications.

Datura metel L. leaf extract mediated sodium alginate polymer membrane was successfully made using the solution casting technique. Electric, electrochemical, physicochemical and antimicrobial analyses of the prepared film were investigated. Functional groups of polysaccharides are identified in FTIR analysis and crystallinity/amorphous of the prepared samples was studied using XRD analysis. The prepared polymer membrane (DmMSA2) exhibits the ionic conductivity of 2.18 × 10-4 Scm-1, maximum specific capacitance of 131 F/g at a current density of 0.2 A/g and also exhibits a significant effect of antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. Hence, Datura metel L. leaf extract mediated polymer membranes are promising candidates for solid-electrolyte in supercapacitor devices and antimicrobial agents in food packaging applications.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Datura metel Flower Extract Assisted by Ultrasound Method and Its Antibacterial Activity.

BACKGROUND: Green synthesis method of nanoparticles has been developed for several years. Besides providing environmental-friendly process, green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extract provides synergistic effect of the secondary metabolite in such antibiotic activity. The study with an intensification process in nanoparticles formation is also gaining great attention. This research deals with the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Datura metel flower extract for the antibacterial agent. The use of ultrasound-assisted method for the synthesis was investigated. METHODS: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Datura metel flower extract under ultrasound- assisted method has been conducted. Evaluation of the successful synthesis was done using UV-visible spectrophotometry, particle size analyzer, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The prepared AgNPs were tested as an antibacterial against S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and E. coli. RESULTS: The ultrasound-assisted synthesis of AgNPs produces particles ranging from 25-70 nm in size; meanwhile, the reflux method demonstrated the size of 50-170 nm. These particles size represents the effect on the antibacterial activity as the ultrasound-assisted synthesized Ag NPs have higher inhibition zone towards all tested bacteria. Subsequently, these data presented the applicability of Ag NPs synthesis using an ultrasound method as a potential candidate for biomedical applications. CONCLUSION: The profile of UV-Visible spectra and particle size analyses demonstrated the applicability of the ultrasound technique to produce a smaller size of the nanoparticles with higher antibacterial activity.

Phytoconstituents of Datura metel extract improved motor coordination in haloperidol-induced cataleptic mice: Dual-target molecular docking and behavioural studies.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prominent health challenge characterized by complex aetiology and limited therapeutic breakthroughs. Datura metel (DM) is a medicinal plant containing active phytoconstituents with neuropharmacological potentials. In traditional medicine, it exerts anticholinergic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and protection from organophosphate poisoning inclusively involved in the pharmacotherapy of PD. Its other PD-related medicinal potency includes treatment of motor sickness and bradycardia. However, the exact mechanisms of anti-PD effects of its phytoconstituents remain underexplored. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, methanolic extract of DM was evaluated for anti-PD behavioural effects in vivo haloperidol-induced cataleptic mice. The GC-MS-identified phytochemicals were studied for one-drug-multi-target inhibitory mechanisms against some key targets for PD treatment, alpha-synuclein (ASN) and dopa decarboxylase (DDC) using molecular docking. RESULTS: and discussion: Chronic administration of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of DM extract improved the 14-s latency time induced by haloperidol to 54, 54 and 57 s respectively, whereas levodopa (30 mg/kg) produced 47 s in rotarod tests. Similarly, the descending times for haloperidol-induced cataleptic mice were significantly reduced from 110 s to 17.7, 17.7 and 12.5 s by the respective chronic doses of DM extract, whereas levodopa-administered mice spent 17.5 s descending the same 30 cm pole. The interesting motor coordination enhancements are suggestively due to synergistic inhibition of ASN and DCC by the phytoconstituents of DM, especially, atropine and scopolamine. From the docking analysis, the two phytochemicals interacted more potently with the active therapeutic sites of the dual targets than levodopa and carbidopa. CONCLUSION: Methanolic extract of DM contains active phytochemicals for multi-target-directed antiparkinsonian mechanisms amenable for further studies.

Four new withanolides with anti-inflammatory activity from Datura inoxia Mill. leaves.

Four previously undescribed withanolides, datinolides A-D (1-4) and eight known withanolides (5-12), were separated from the 70% ethyl alcohol extract of Datura inoxia Mill. leaves. All structures were clarified by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. Furthermore, all withanolides were assessed for their anti-inflammatory activity and results showed that 1 exhibited a fairly good suppression against nitric oxide generation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells (IC50 = 10.33 ± 1.53 µM).

GC-MS analysis & antifungal activity of Datura metel L. against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.

The current study was designed to evaluate the antifungal properties of Datura metel L. against Rizoctonia solani Kuhn. To achieve this objective, six concentrations of leaves & stem methanol extract of D. metel viz. 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3% & 3.5% were tested against R. solani in vitro. Leaf extract of D. metel was found more effective as its 3.5% concentration caused 75% retardation in test fungal growth as compared to the stem extract. D. metel methanolic leaf extract was fractioned between n-butanol, n-hexane, chloroform & ethyl acetate & bioactivities of isolated fractions were tested against R. solani. The chloroform fraction was found highly effective, as its concentrations 0.1% & 0.01% caused 27% & 21% growth inhibition respectively. So, this particular chloroform fraction was further analyzed to identify various chemical constituents through GC-MS (Gas chromatography mass spectroscopic) analysis. Twelve phyto-constituents viz. eugenol, 2-pentadecanone 6,10,14 trimethyl, pentadecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, 1 4-methyl- methyl ester, phytol, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, heptacosane, n-hexadecanoic, 6-octadecanoic acid, 9, 12 octadecanoic acid, dodecanoic & tetradecanoic acids were identified. So, the present study concluded that the presence of these bioactive constituents make D. metel as an effective antifungal agent against R. solani.

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Green Synthesized Cu2O Nanoparticles Using Datura Metel L.

In biomedical applications, Cu2O nanoparticles are of great interest. The bioengineered route is eco-friendly for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Therefore, in the present study, there is an attempt to synthesis Cu2O nanoparticles using Datura metel L. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, and FT-IR. UV-Vis results suggest the presence of hyoscyamine, atropine in Datura metel L, and also, nanoparticles formation has been confirmed by the presence of absorption peak at 790 nm. The average crystallite size (19.56 nm) was obtained by XRD. FT-IR was also used to confirm the different functional groups. Fourier Power Spectrum was also employed to examine the synthesized nanomaterials spectrum data to emphasize the peak of the prominent frequencies. Density functional theory (DFT) was also utilized to assess the energy of the substance over time, which appears to indicate a stable molecule. Furthermore, calculated energies, thermodynamic properties (such as enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs-free energies), modeled structures of complexes, crystals, and clusters, and predicted yields, rates, and regio- and stereospecificity of reactions were all in good agreement with experimental results. Overall, the results show that the successful production of Cu2O nanoparticles with Datura metel L. corresponds to theoretical research.

Seven new glycosides from the leaves of Datura metel L.

Seven new glycosides (1-7) and seventeen known analogues (8-24) were isolated from the leaves of Datura metel L. The structures of these compounds were all elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses and comparison with literature values. All isolates were evaluated for cytotoxicity against Hela, MGC-803, Ishikawa cell lines and compounds 6, 7, 14-17 and 24 exhibited different degrees of antiproliferative effects.

A new ent-kaurane diterpenoid from the pericarps of Datura metel.

A new ent-kaurane diterpenoid, named kaurane daturoside A (1), was isolated from the 70%-EtOH extract of dried pericarps of Datura metel L., along with six known terpenoids, 16α,17-dihydroxy-ent-kauran-19-diglycoside (2), cyclosieversioside F (3), astragaloside II (4), ginsenoside Rg1 (5), astrojanoside A (6), celerioside E (7). The isolated structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analyses, and the compounds 2, 3, 7 were separated from Solanaceae for the first time. Meanwhile, among isolates, compounds 2 and 5 exhibited anti-inflammatory activities against LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells (IC50<11.00 µM).

Mechanism of Datura metel on sinus bradycardia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of action of Datura metel in the treatment of sinus bradycardia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS: The active ingredients and targets of Datura metel were collected by TCMSP database, and the Cytoscape software was used to map to show the interrelationship. Use 5 databases: GeneCards, PharmGKB, OMIM, DisGeNET, and Drugbank to obtain targets related to sinus bradycardia; establish a protein-to-protein interaction network with the help of the STRING platform; GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of the selected core targets using the Metascape platform; Finally, the AutoDock platform was used for molecular docking and the results were displayed through Pymol. RESULTS: 27 kinds of active ingredients of the drug were screened, including 10 kinds of main ingredients; 198 drug targets and 1059 disease targets. There are 54 targets of action in the treatment of sinus bradycardia, of which 19 targets such as AKT1, IL6, TNF, and VEGFA are the core targets of Datura metel in the treatment of sinus bradycardia. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes obtained 18 results suggesting that AGE-RAGE, hepatitis C, relaxin, and JAK-STAT may be key signaling pathways. Molecular docking shows that most components of the drug have good docking ability with the core target, indicating that the prediction results have certain reliability. CONCLUSION: This study preliminarily explores the potential active ingredients and possible mechanisms of action of Datura metel in the treatment of sinus bradycardia and provides a basis for in-depth investigation of its medicinal material basis and mechanism of action.

Evaluation of hepatoprotective effects of crude methanolic extract of Datura metel L. in mice.

Datura metel has been recommended in several human disorders including a remedy for liver toxicity. The current study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of D. metel in animal model. Acute toxicity of methanolic crude extract of Datura metel (MEDM) was studied in animals in various doses 500-2000 mg/kg. Mice of either sex were divided into groups (n=6). One group received normal saline intraperitonially as negative control, while other gentamicin 100mg/kg for 8 days as positive control. 3rd group received 50mg/kg silymarin as standard, 4th group received 100mg/kg of MEDM, 5th group received 200mg/kg MEDM while 6th group received 300mg/kg MEDM and gentamicin 100mg/kg for 8 days. The blood samples were collected on 9th day and the animals were then dissected and the liver of all the animals were isolated. MEDM was found safe in acute toxicity test at various doses up to 2000 mg/kg. The levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were elevated significantly with gentamicin treatment which significantly down-regulated by MEDM (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) in a dose dependent manner.. The histological examination showed that the MEDM has markedly treated the inflammatory infiltrate, fatty changes and congested blood vessels which were induced by gentamicin.  The findings of our study thus proved the absolute of MEDM in acute toxicity test; followed by significant hepatoprotective effect in gentamicin induced hepatotoxic mice.

Discovery of Active Ingredients Targeted TREM2 by SPR Biosensor-UPLC/MS Recognition System, and Investigating the Mechanism of Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity on the Lignin-Amides from Datura metel Seeds.

As a new target protein for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) was expressed on the surface of microglia, which was shown to regulate neuroinflammation, be associated with a variety of neuropathologic, and regarded as a potential indicator for monitoring AD. In this study, a novel recognition system based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for the TREM2 target spot was established coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), in order to screen the active ingredients targeting TREM2 from Datura metel seeds. The results showed that four lignan-amides were discovered as candidate compounds by SPR biosensor-UPLC/MS recognition analysis. According to the guidance of the active ingredients discovered by the system, the lignin-amides from Datura metel seeds (LDS) were preliminarily identified as containing 27 lignan-amides, which were enriched compositions by the HP-20 of Datura metel seeds. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory activity of LDS was evaluated in BV2 microglia induced by LPS. Our experimental results demonstrated that LDS could reduce NO release in LPS-treated BV2 microglia cells and significantly reduce the expression of the proteins of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), microtubule-associated protein tau (Tau), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1). Accordingly, LDS might increase the expression of TREM2/DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) and suppress the Toll-like receptor SX4 (TLR4) pathway and Recombinant NLR Family, Pyrin Domain Containing Protein 3 (NLRP3)/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1) inflammasome expression by LDS in LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells. Then, the inhibitory release of inflammatory factors Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) inflammatory cytokines were detected to inhibit neuroinflammatory responses. The present results propose that LDS has potential as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent against microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory disorders.

In Vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Potential of Amyrin-Type Triterpenoid Isolated from Datura metel Linnaeus.

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of the combined crude extract, fractions, and compound 1 isolated from the fruits of Datura metel against selected microbial (bacteria and fungi) strains. Results of antibacterial screening indicated marked susceptibility of the extract and its fractions against tested bacterial strains. Among the extract and various fractions, the chloroform fraction exhibited a significant effect against different bacterial strains including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis with an inhibitory zone ranging from 18 to 24 mm. Similarly, results of antifungal activity revealed that the chloroform fraction displays a promising effect against various fungal strains. The chloroform fraction was subjected to repeated chromatography analysis, which yielded compound 1 (daturaolone). Daturaolone exhibited potent activity against selected bacterial strains including Klebsiella pneumoniae, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus with an inhibitory zone ranging from 12 to 30 mm. In addition, the extracts and daturaolone exhibited significant sensitivity against T. longifusus, C. albicans, A. flavus, M. canis, F. solani, and C. glabrata. Taken all together, it is concluded that our findings validated the traditional use of D. metel to treat various infectious diseases, which is supported by daturaolone.

Induction of Haploid Embryos in Datura metel by Anther Culture.

Microspores, with a haploid number of chromosomes, are destined to produce the male gametophyte, which hosts the male gametes that fertilize the female egg cell. During microsporogenesis, a particular stage of development is amenable to be switched to undergo embryogenesis and developed into a haploid plant. By doubling the chromosomes, a doubled haploid plant, homozygous for all the gene loci, is produced. These plants are useful to study the expression of recessive genes and in plant breeding as a rapid pathway to achieve homozygosity.

Seven undescribed steroids from the leaves of Datura metel L.

Extraction of Datura metel L. leaves with ethanol as a solvent gave a group of steroids, including two unique 1,10-seco-withanolides (1, 4), an unusual nitrogen-containing withanolides (2), one undescribed saponin (3), two withanolides with a carbohydrate (5, 6), and one C21 steroid (7). These compounds' structures were identified based on HR-ESI-MS and 1H, 13C NMR data analyses, also compared with data from the document. Some compounds showed moderate inhibition on NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

UPLC-orbitrap-MS-based metabolic profiling of HaCaT cells exposed to withanolides extracted from Datura metel.L: Insights from an untargeted metabolomics.

In recent decades, more and more attention to the withanolides extracted from Datura metel.L has been paid due to their anti-psoriatic effects. Withanolides have also been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. Thus, withanolides have been considered as a promising candidate of anti-psoriatic drug. The aim of this study was to investigated the metabolic network of HaCaT cells after exposure to withanolides to identify anti-psoriatic mechanism induced by withanolides on skin cells. In this experiment, our results demonstrated that exposure to withanolides at concentrations beyond 50 µg/mL inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, withanolides-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial depolarization in HaCaT cells. In this research, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-orbitrap-MS) method was applied to profile metabolite changes in HaCaT cells exposed to withanolides. In total, significant variations in 38 differential metabolites were identified between withanolides exposure and untreated groups. The exposure of HaCaT cells to withanolides at the dose of 200 µg/mL for 24 h was revealed by the disturbance of energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism. UPLC-orbitrap-MS-based cell metabolomics provided a comprehensive method for the identification of withanolides' anti-psoriasis mechanisms in vitro. And above metabolic disorders also reflected potential therapeutic targets for treating psoriasis.

Daturataturin A, a withanolide in Datura metel L., induces HaCaT autophagy through the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.

Daturataturin A (DTA), a withanolide compound in Datura metel L., exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. Here, we report the study of DTA-induced proliferation and inflammation in human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaTs) and the associated molecular mechanisms. HaCaTs are a model of the epidermal proliferative state of cells. The pharmacodynamics and mechanism of DTA were studied by western blot, immunofluorescence, apoptosis and proliferation detection, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We confirmed that DTA induced HaCaT autophagy, which, in turn, induced HaCaT senescence and, ultimately, led to cell cycle arrest. DTA also negatively regulated inflammation through the activation of autophagy. This may be one of the mechanisms underlying the action of Datura metel L. preparation used for the treatment of psoriasis.

Datura metel: A Review on Chemical Constituents, Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Activities.

Datura metel (Solanaceae) which is commonly known as thorn's apple, Indian apple or devil's trumpet isan annual herb of temperate zones which is distributed all over the world. D. metel belongs to the family solanaceae. From a longer period of time (37 A.D), species of this family had therapeutic uses. This article is based on the review of different scientific backgrounds and studies regarding the traditional uses, phytochemistry, biochemical constituents and pharmacological uses of D. metel. This review is based on the facts of the available literature review. Different researchers conducted researches and studies on D. metel and confirmed the presence of enormous chemical compounds like flavonoids, tropane alkaloids, tannins, saponins and withanolides. D. metel has been found to be pharmacologically important species because of its different pharmacological and traditional uses, such as hepatoprotective, antiviral effect, antibacterial effect, anti-asthmatic, analgesic, antipyretic and nephroprotective effect, anticancer and antifungal effect. However, further in vivo and in vitro advanced studies are required to carried out for the exact pharmacological mechanisms and for basis of clinical utility.