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1.
Urologe A ; 54(12): 1806-10, 2015 Dec.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26450091

ABSTRACT

Sant'Ippazio (St. Hypatius of Gangra) is a saint, martyr, and advocate in cases of impotency, inguinal hernia, and other abdominal disorders. In Tiggiano, a small town at the southernmost point of Italy, Sant'Ippazio, bishop of Gangra, is venerated as a patron saint. According to legend, during an excited dispute on the question of the Arian heresy at the synod of Nicaea (325 AD), Bishop Ippazio was kicked in the lower abdominal region by an Arian presbyter, which caused an inguinal hernia. Therefore, his help is sought for relief and cure of hernia or impotency. Every January 19th, the day of the parish fair, particular carrots (the "pastinache") which have a reddish to violet color are sold. They are said to be similar to the saint's penis after the kick. Also described in this article are other pagan fertility rituals which have been christianized by the veneration of a saint and which are still kept alive among local populations.


Subject(s)
Daucus carota/history , Erectile Dysfunction/history , Hernia, Inguinal/history , Religion and Medicine , Saints/history , Spiritual Therapies/history , History, Medieval , Humans , Italy , Male , Religion and Sex
2.
Chemphyschem ; 15(7): 1245-50, 2014 May 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24482315

ABSTRACT

The saga of liquid crystals started with their discovery in 1888 by the botanist Friedrich Reinitzer, who unexpectedly observed "two melting points" for crystals extracted from the root of a carrot. At the end of the nineteenth century, most scientists did not believe in the existence of "liquid crystals" as promoted by the crystallographer Otto Lehmann. The controversies were very vivid; to the point that the recognition of mesomorphic states of matter by the scientific community required more than two decades. In the end, liquid crystals have changed our vision of matter by shattering the three-state paradigm. Since the mid-1970s, liquid crystals have revolutionized the worldwide information-display industry and now play a host of key roles in various technologies.


Subject(s)
Liquid Crystals/history , Colloids/analysis , Colloids/history , Crystallization/history , Daucus carota/chemistry , Daucus carota/history , Equipment Design , Germany , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Liquid Crystals/analysis , Microscopy/history , Microscopy/instrumentation , Plant Roots/chemistry
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