Review of saturation decompression procedures used in commercial diving.

Introduction: This is a review of commercial heliox saturation decompression procedures. The scope does not include compression, storage depth or bell excursion dive procedures. The objectives are to: identify the sources of the procedures; trace their evolution; describe the current practice; and detect relevant trends. Methods: Eleven international commercial diving companies provided their diving manuals for review under a confidentiality agreement. Results: Modern commercial diving saturation procedures are derived from a small number of original procedures (United States Navy, Comex, and NORSOK). In the absence of relevant scientific studies since the late 80's, the companies have empirically adapted these procedures according to their needs and experience. Such adaptation has caused differences in decompression rates shallower than 60 msw, decompression rest stops and the decision to decompress linearly or stepwise. Nevertheless, the decompression procedures present a remarkable homogeneity in chamber PO2 and daily decompression rates when deeper than 60 msw. The companies have also developed common rules of good practice; no final decompression should start with an initial ascending excursion; a minimum hold is required before starting a final decompression after an excursion dive. Recommendation is made for the divers to exercise during decompression. Conclusions: We observed a trend towards harmonisation within the companies that enforce international procedures, and, between companies through cooperation inside the committees of the industry associations.

A Longitudinal Evaluation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Its Effects on Spinal Decompressions With or Without Fusion.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to (1) compare the safety of spine surgery before and after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and (2) determine whether patients with a history of COVID-19 were at increased risk of adverse events. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA: The COVID-19 pandemic had a tremendous impact on several health care services. In spine surgery, elective cases were canceled and patients received delayed care due to the uncertainty of disease transmission and surgical outcomes. As new coronavirus variants arise, health care systems require guidance on how to provide optimal patient care to all those in need of our services. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of patients undergoing spine surgery between January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2021 was performed. Patients were split into pre-COVID or post-COVID cohorts based on local government guidelines. Inpatient complications, 90-day readmission, and 90-day mortality were compared between groups. Secondary analysis included multiple logistic regression to determine independent predictors of each outcome. RESULTS: A total of 2976 patients were included for analysis with 1701 patients designated as pre-COVID and 1275 as post-COVID. The pre-COVID cohort had fewer patients undergoing revision surgery (16.8% vs 21.9%, P < 0.001) and a lower home discharge rate (84.5% vs 88.2%, P = 0.008). Inpatient complication (9.9% vs 9.2%, P = 0.562), inpatient mortality (0.1% vs 0.2%, P = 0.193), 90-day readmission (3.4% vs 3.2%, P = 0.828), and 90-day mortality rates (0.8% vs 0.8%, P = 0.902) were similar between groups. Patients with positive COVID-19 tests before surgery had similar complication rates (7.7% vs 6.1%, P = 1.000) as those without a positive test documented. CONCLUSIONS: After the emergence of COVID-19, patients undergoing spine surgery had a greater number of medical comorbidities, but similar rates of inpatient complications, readmission, and mortality. Prior COVID-19 infection was not associated with an increased risk of postsurgical complications or mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

3D-Printed Model in Preoperative Planning of Sciatic Nerve Decompression Because of Heterotopic Ossification: A Case Report.

CASE: A 31-year-old patient presented with an encapsulated sciatic nerve secondary to extensive hip heterotopic ossification (HO), which prevented visualization of a safe osteotomy site to avoid nerve damage. The 3D-printed model demonstrated an easily identifiable osseous reference point along the inferior aspect of the heterotopic mass, allowing for a vertical osteotomy to be safely performed. CONCLUSION: HO is associated with loss of normal anatomic topography. The current case report illustrates the use of a 3D-printed model to identify pertinent anatomic landmarks required for safe decompression of an encapsulated sciatic nerve within the anatomic region of the hip.

A novel method for tracking nitrogen kinetics in vivo under hyperbaric conditions using radioactive nitrogen-13 gas and positron emission tomography.

Decompression sickness (DCS) is caused by gaseous nitrogen dissolved in tissues forming bubbles during decompression. To date, no method exists to identify nitrogen within tissues, but with advances in positron-emission tomography (PET) technology, it may be possible to track gaseous radionuclides into tissues. We aimed to develop a method to track nitrogen movement in vivo and under hyperbaric pressure that could then be used to further our understanding of DCS using nitrogen-13 (13N2). A single anesthetized female Sprague-Dawley rat was exposed to 625 kPa, composed of air, isoflurane, and 13N2 for 10 min. The PET scanner recorded 13N2 during the hyperbaric exposure with energy windows of 250-750 keV. The PET showed an increase in 13N2 concentration in the lung, heart, and abdominal regions, which all reached a plateau after ∼4 min. This showed that it is possible to gain noninvasive in vivo measurements of nitrogen kinetics through the body while at hyperbaric pressures. Tissue samples showed radioactivity above background levels in the blood, brain, liver, femur, and thigh muscle when assessed using a γ counter. The method can be used to evaluate an array of challenges to our understanding of decompression physiology by quantifying nitrogen load through γ counts of 13N2, and signal intensity of the PET. Further development of the method will improve the specificity of the measured outcomes, and enable it to be used with larger mammals, including humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article describes a method for the in vivo quantification and tracking of nitrogen through the mammalian body whilst exposed to hyperbaric pressure. The method has the potential to further our understanding of decompression sickness, and quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of both the treatment and prevention of decompression sickness.

Hypoglossal and Glossopharyngeal Nerve Palsy After Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion: A Case Report.

CASE: A 69-year-old man underwent a C3-4 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and developed postoperative hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal palsies that resolved with symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSION: Cranial nerve palsy is a rare and possibly under-reported injury after higher-level cervical spine surgery. Conscientious positioning and awareness of these nerves during surgical exposure are crucial to minimizing cranial nerve palsies. Proper workup to identify these palsies and differentiate them from other complications is necessary to guide proper treatment.

Evaluation of core decompression outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus with hip osteonecrosis: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Osteonecrosis is a major cause of morbidity for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although core decompression is an approved and trusted technique to prevent further joint deterioration, this surgical method seems to be less beneficial for SLE patients. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of core decompression in SLE patients with primary stages of femoral head osteonecrosis. METHODS: In this study, 23 patients (39 affected hip joints) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head with stage II of the disease, based on the Ficat-Arlet classification system, underwent core decompression. Also, patients demographic characteristics, clinical data, medication history, comorbidities, immunological findings, hip plain radiographs, history of total hip arthroplasty after core decompression, and patients satisfaction with joint function according to the Oxford hip score questionnaire were obtained. RESULTS: In the study, 53.8% of affected joints showed signs of radiographic deterioration in follow-up imaging. Sixty-one and a half percent (61.5%) of patients had unsatisfactory joint performance. A third (33.3%) of affected hip joints underwent total hip arthroplasty up to 5 years from core decompression. SLE patients with a history of receiving bisphosphonate were 83.2% less dissatisfied with their joint function than patients without a history of bisphosphonate use (P < 0.02). Of the 23 studied cases, the mean cumulative dose of prednisolone before and after core decompression surgery was 46.41 mg and 14.74 mg respectively. Besides, one case (2.6%) that had a high anti-phospholipid antibodies level during follow-up did not have any radiographic deterioration, and 9 cases (23.1%) had some degrees of radiographic deterioration. CONCLUSIONS: The patients group that used bis-phosphonate, had a higher level of satisfaction with joint function after core decompression. Patients with high-level anti-phospholipid antibodies are related to a poor prognosis after core decompression.

Endoscopic trans-anal tube placement is a safe and helpful tool for colonic decompression: final results of a standardized single-centre retrospective assessment of 125 patients.

OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic trans-anal colonic decompression (ECD) may be requested in the case of massive colon distension, but evidence regarding success and safety issues remains scarce. The aim of this analysis is to examine the technical success, complications and clinical outcome in a large series of patients undergoing an ECD in various clinical scenarios. A standardized evaluation system was used to identify the pre-interventional risk parameters that might be helpful to guide clinical decision making. METHODS: In this single-centre retrospective study, the modified Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC) was applied to assess technical success, complications and clinical outcome of 125 consecutive patients who underwent ECD between 2007 and 2020. PRIMARY ENDPOINT: post interventional 90-day mortality. Secondary endpoints: periprocedural complications (CDC event IV-V) and technical success rate. All Martin criteria for standardized reporting of complications were met. Uni- and multivariable analyses for prediction of complications were carried out. RESULTS: The overall technical success rate was 90%. The periprocedural complication rate was low with 3%. Overall 90-day mortality was 31%. Univariable analyses showed a significant correlation between 90-day mortality and ASA≥4 (p<0.001, odds ratio [OR] 15.33), general anaesthesia (p=0.05, OR 21.42) and elevated serological infection parameters (p 0.028, OR 1.004). The pre-interventional multivariable model identified ASA ≥4 (p <0.001; OR 10.94) as the only independent risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: ECD is a safe, easily available, technical feasible, inexpensive and successful tool for colonic decompression in various colonic obstruction scenarios, even in critically ill patients. ASA Score ≥IV can be helpful to identify patients at risk for complications/mortality after ECD.

Clinical application of super-low-positioned intestinal decompression tube in the treatment of intestinal obstruction: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical application and efficacy of a super-low-positioned intestinal decompression tube in the treatment of intestinal obstruction. METHODS: A total of 130 patients with postoperative small bowel obstruction were included in this study. The patients were divided into a super-low-positioned intestinal decompression group and a conventional intestinal decompression group. The clinical data, treatment outcomes, and complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The technical success rate of placing the super-low-positioned intestinal decompression tube was 100%, with no intraoperative complications. The patients in the super-low-positioned intestinal decompression group had a significantly shorter hospital stay (8.3 ± 5.2 vs 17.7 ± 13.3, P < 0.001) and a higher non-operative treatment success rate (83.6% vs 57.9%, P = 0.001) compared to the conventional intestinal decompression group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the placement of a super-low-positioned intestinal decompression tube was an independent protective factor for treatment outcomes (P = 0.001). The hospital stay was significantly shorter in the super-low-positioned intestinal decompression group compared to the conventional group in both successful non-operative treatment patients (6.9 ± 3.0 vs 11.2 ± 7.5, P < 0.001) and failed non-operative treatment patients (16.2 ± 7.4 vs 26.6 ± 14.4, P < 0.001). The super-low-positioned intestinal decompression tube effectively relieved the "Self-strangulation" phenomenon in patients with intestinal obstruction. CONCLUSION: The super-low-positioned intestinal decompression tube is a safe and effective method for the treatment of intestinal obstruction, with better treatment outcomes and shorter hospital stays compared to conventional intestinal decompression. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.

Chronic cauda equina syndrome decompression surgery recovery is very "bad"? Based on patient self-assessment.

BACKGROUND: Symptoms of cauda equina syndrome (CES) secondary to degenerative lumbar spine diseases are sometimes mild and tend to be ignored by patients, resulting in delayed treatment. In addition, the long-term efficacy of surgery is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive factors of CES and post-operative recovery in patients with symptoms lasting > 3 months. METHODS: From January 2011 to December 2020, data of 45 patients with CES secondary to lumbar disk herniation/lumbar spinal stenosis were collected from a single center. The patients had bladder, bowel or sexual dysfunction and decreased perineal sensation that lasted for > 3 months. A 2-year post-operative follow-up was conducted to evaluate recovery outcomes, which were measured by validated self-assessment questionnaires conducted by telephone and online. RESULTS: Overall, 45 CES patients (57.8% female; mean age, 56 years) were included. The duration of pre-operative CES symptoms was 79.6 weeks (range, 13-730 weeks). The incidence of saddle anesthesia before decompression was 71.1% (n = 32), bladder dysfunction 84.4% (n = 38), bowel dysfunction 62.2% (n = 28) and sexual dysfunction 64.4% (n = 29). The overall recovery rate of CES after a 2-year follow-up was 64.4%. The rates of the residual symptoms at the last follow-up were as follows: saddle anesthesia 22.2%, bladder dysfunction 33.3%, bowel dysfunction 24.4% and sexual dysfunction 48.9%. Pre-operative saddle anesthesia, overactive bladder and sexual dysfunction were risk factors for poor prognosis after decompression. CONCLUSION: CES patients with symptoms lasting > 3 months may recover after surgery. Sexual dysfunction has a high residual rate and should not be ignored during diagnosis and treatment.

The frailty-driven predictive model for failure to rescue among patients who experienced a major complication following cervical decompression and fusion: an ACS-NSQIP analysis of 3,632 cases (2011-2020).

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Preoperative risk stratification for patients considering cervical decompression and fusion (CDF) relies on established independent risk factors to predict the probability of complications and outcomes in order to help guide pre and perioperative decision-making. PURPOSE: This study aims to determine frailty's impact on failure to rescue (FTR), or when a mortality occurs within 30 days following a major complication. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Cross-sectional retrospective analysis of retrospective and nationally-representative data. PATIENT SAMPLE: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried for all CDF cases from 2011-2020. OUTCOME MEASURES: CDF patients who experienced a major complication were identified and FTR was calculated as death or hospice disposition within 30 days of a major complication. METHODS: Frailty was measured by the Risk Analysis Index-Revised (RAI-Rev). Baseline patient demographics and characteristics were compared for all FTR patients. Significant factors were assessed by univariate and multivariable regression for the development of a frailty-driven predictive model for FTR. The discriminative ability of the predictive model was assessed using a receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: There were 3632 CDF patients who suffered a major complication and 7.6% (277 patients) subsequently expired or dispositioned to hospice, the definition of FTR. Independent predictors of FTR were nonelective surgery, frailty, preoperative intubation, thrombosis or embolic complication, unplanned intubation, on ventilator for >48 hours, cardiac arrest, and septic shock. Frailty, and a combination of preoperative and postoperative risk factors in a predictive model for FTR, achieved outstanding discriminatory accuracy (C-statistic = 0.901, CI: 0.883-0.919). CONCLUSION: Preoperative and postoperative risk factors, combined with frailty, yield a highly accurate predictive model for FTR in CDF patients. Our model may guide surgical management and/or prognostication regarding the likelihood of FTR after a major complication postoperatively with CDF patients. Future studies may determine the predictive ability of this model in other neurosurgical patient populations.

Long-Term Outcomes of Decompression and Grafting in Acute Pathological Proximal Femur Fractures in Children with Unicameral Bone Cysts: A Retrospective Study Utilizing a 120° Fixed-Angle Low-Contact Locking Pediatric Hip Plate.

BACKGROUND Unicameral bone cysts (UBCs) are benign tumor-like lesions that are the most common cause of pathological proximal femur fracture in children. This study aimed to present the outcomes of acute, unstable, pathological proximal femur fractures secondary to UBCs in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data on 12 patients with a mean age of 9.3 years (7-12 years) who were initially treated with decompression and grafting, followed by stabilization using a 120° fixed-angle low-contact locking pediatric plate (LCLPP). The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scores, Capanna classification of cyst repair, time to union, collodiaphyseal angle (CDA), and limb length discrepancy (LLD) were evaluated. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 33.1 months (range, 13-96 months). The mean union time was 9.5 weeks (8-14 weeks). The mean time for reparation of the cyst was 6.9 months (range 3-9 months). Four patients had Dormans type IB, while the remaining had type IIB fractures. According to the Capanna classification, repairs in 10 cases were grade I and in 2 cases grade II. At the last follow-up, the mean 120.8° of preoperative CDA was corrected to 140.9° (P<0.001) and there was no difference compared to the healthy side (P=0.214). The mean postoperative MSTS score was 97.1% (29.1 points). Two patients experienced LLD at the affected extremities, while the other 10 patients healed without any complications. CONCLUSIONS Fixation of acute unstable fractures secondary to UBCs with a 120° fixed-angle LCLPP is a reliable and successful option after decompression and grafting of the lesion.

[Neurovascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia: Functional outcome]. / Descompresión neurovascular en neuralgia trigeminal: resultado funcional.

INTRODUCTION: The most frequent pathology of the fifth cranial nerve is trigeminal neuralgia (TN), characterized by unilateral orofacial pain, of a paroxysmal nature, with distribution in one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of neurovascular decompressive surgery (NVD). METHODS: Retrospective analytical study, patients operated on for NVD by TN (n: 155), from January 2006 - 2022, using a retrosigmoid approach and clinicalradiological follow-up, whose intraoperative recording was in 3D system (n: 42). RESULTS: 83.3% (n=35) presented classic NT and 16.7% (n = 7) idiopathic. The right side prevailed with 59.5% (n = 25) and paroxysmal pain with 81% (n=34) of representation in the entire series. Compression of arterial origin represented 76.2% (n: 32) of the cases, the superior cerebellar artery represented the first cause of neurovascular compression (NVC) in 52.4% (n: 22) in the exit zone of the trigeminal nerve. The validity of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol selected for this series was analyzed; evidencing a high sensitivity of MRI with 97%, and a specificity of 86%. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity and specificity of highdefinition MRI studies and with special protocols for the evaluation of TN, as gold standard paraclinical, were presented. The DNV offered safe results, a high percentage of the patients were described as successful. The 3D recording allowed retrospective analysis with a vision identical to that of the surgeon during the intraoperative period, the type of NVC.

Introducción: La afección más frecuente del V nervio craneal es la neuralgia del trigémino (NT), se caracteriza por dolor orofacial unilateral, paroxístico, distribuyéndose en una o más divisiones del nervio trigémino. El objetivo de presente trabajo es demostrar la eficacia y seguridad de la cirugía descompresiva neurovascular (DNV). Métodos: Estudio analítico retrospectivo, pacientes intervenidos para DNV por NT (n: 155), desde enero de 2006 - 2022, mediante un abordaje retrosigmoideo y seguimiento clínico-radiológico, cuyo registro intraoperatorio fue en sistema 3D (n: 42). Resultados: 83.3% (n=35) presentó NT clásica y 16.7% (n = 7) idiopática. La mayoría con afectación del lado derecho 59.5% (n = 25) y el dolor paroxístico con 81% (n = 34). La compresión de origen arterial representó 76.2% (n: 32) de los casos, la arteria cerebelosa superior representó la primera causa de compresión neurovascular (CNV) en un 52.4% (n:22) en la zona de salida del nervio trigémino. Se analizó la validez del protocolo de resonancia magnética (RM) seleccionado para esta serie; evidenciando una alta sensibilidad de la RM con 97%, y una especificidad del 86%. Conclusión: Se demostró la sensibilidad y especificidad de los estudios de resonancia magnética (RM) de alta definición y con protocolos especiales para la evaluación de la NT, como paraclínico estándar de oro. La DNV ofreció resultados seguros, un alto porcentaje de los pacientes se calificaron como exitosos. El registro 3D permitió analizar en retrospectiva con una visión idéntica a la del cirujano durante el intraoperatorio, el tipo de CNV.

Percutaneous Radiofrequency Disc Decompression: A Study of 27 Patients.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous radiofrequency nucleoplasty is a true minimally invasive technique for treatment for radiculopathy caused by contained disc protrusions. This minimally invasive procedure uses controlled thermoablation for reducing the intervertebral disc and decompressing the lumbar nerve root. Material and Methods: Our study is a prospective analysis of 27 patients aged from 30 to 64 years with lumbar disc protrusion who were treated with percutaneous radiofrequency disc decompression (PRFD) between May 2018 and May 2019. Clinical follow-up was reported at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The outcomes were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and MacNab score. RESULTS: Of the 27 patients, 14 were female and 13 were male. Their mean age was 53 ± 2 years. In all 27 patients, percutaneous radiofrequency nucleotomy was performed. An excellent outcome as reflected by MacNab score was observed in 17 patients (63%), a good outcome in 8 patients (29.7%), and a poor outcome in 2 patients (7.3%). Prior to treatment, the average back and leg VAS scores were 7.95 and 7.82, respectively. At sixth month follow-up, the back and leg VAS scores were reduced to 3.17 and 3.04, respectively. Patients with a poor outcome developed early recurrent disc prolapse and required endoscopic discectomy. CONCLUSION: PRFD is a safe and effective treatment of contained disc protrusion. PRFD is a good alternative to surgery. These procedures significantly increase quality of life in patients with lumbar radiculopathy.

Needle Decompression Causing Pericardial and Pulmonary Artery Injuries in Patients With Blunt Trauma: Two Case Reports and Literature Review.

Tension pneumothorax (TPX) is a severe chest complication of blunt or penetrating trauma. Immediate decompression is the lifesaving action in patients with TPX. Needle decompression (ND) is frequently used for this purpose, particularly in limited resources setting such as the prehospital arena. Despite the safe profile, the blind nature of the procedure can result in a serious range of complications, including injury to the vital intrathoracic structures such as the lungs, great vessels, and heart. Here, we reported 2 cases of blunt chest trauma resulting in TPX demanding immediate ND; however, nonintentional pericardial and pulmonary artery injuries occurred. The first case was a 42-year-old man with a needle-related pulmonary artery injury that required surgery. The second case was a 19-year-old man in whom a needle-related pneumopericardium occurred and was treated conservatively. In both cases, trained personnel performed the ND. Although ND in the field is a lifesaving intervention, it may further complicate the patient condition. Therefore, it should be performed in adherence to the universal guidelines.

Self-expanding metal stents versus decompression tubes as a bridge to surgery for patients with obstruction caused by colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Using self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) and decompression tubes (DT) as a bridge-to-surgery (BTS) treatment may avoid emergency operations for patients with colorectal cancer-caused obstructions. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the two approaches. METHODS: We systematically retrieved literature from January 1, 2000, to May 30, 2023, from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SinoMed, Wanfang Data, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies of SEMS versus DT as BTS in colorectal cancer obstruction were selected. Risks of bias were assessed for RCTs and cohort studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2 and Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions. Certainty of evidence was determined using the Graded Recommendation Assessment. Odds ratio (OR), mean difference (MD), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to analyze measurement data. RESULTS: We included eight RCTs and eighteen cohort studies involving 2,061 patients (SEMS, 1,044; DT, 1,017). Pooled RCT and cohort data indicated the SEMS group had a significantly higher clinical success rate than the DT group (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.04, 3.81, P = 0.04), but no significant difference regarding technical success (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 0.56, 2.96, P = 0.55). SEMS had a shorter postoperative length of hospital stays (MD = - 4.47, 95% CI - 6.26, - 2.69, P < 0.00001), a lower rates of operation-related abdominal pain (OR = 0.16, 95% CI 0.05, 0.50, P = 0.002), intraoperative bleeding (MD = - 37.67, 95% CI - 62.73, - 12.60, P = 0.003), stoma creation (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.23, 0.73, P = 0.002) and long-term tumor recurrence rate than DT (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.22, 0.99, P = 0.05). CONCLUSION: SEMS and DT are both safe as BTS to avoid emergency surgery for patients with colorectal cancer obstruction. SEMS is preferable because of higher clinical success rates, lower rates of operation-related abdominal pain, intraoperative bleeding, stoma creation, and long-term tumor recurrence, as well as a shorter postoperative length of hospital stays. Trial registration CRD42022365951 .

Short- and long-term outcomes of transanal decompression tube and self-expandable metallic stent for obstructive colorectal cancer based on a multicenter database (KYCC2110).

AIM: There are well-known methods for decompressing the colorectal tract before surgery, including transanal decompression tubes (TDT) and self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS). This study aimed to compare the short and long-term results in patients with malignant large bowel obstruction in whom TDT or SEMS were placed before surgery. METHODS: This retrospective observational study enrolled 225 patients with malignant large bowel obstruction in whom TDT or SEMS were placed preoperatively and underwent R0 resection between 2008 and 2020. One-to-two propensity score matching was performed according to patient characteristics. Short- and long-term outcomes were compared. The primary endpoint was relapse-free survival (RFS). The secondary endpoints were the overall survival (OS) and postoperative complication rate. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients in the TDT group and 114 in the SEMS group were matched. The 3-year RFS rates were 66.7% in the TDT group and 69.9% in the SEMS group (p = 0.54), and the 3-year OS rates were 90.5% in the TDT group and 87.1% in the SEMS group (p = 0.52). No significant differences in the long-term results were observed between the two groups. Regarding short-term results, the SEMS group had significantly fewer stoma construction (p = 0.007) and shorter postoperative hospitalization (p < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative complications (grade ≥ 2) was significantly lower in the SEMS group (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: No significant differences in the long-term results were observed between the TDT and SEMS group. The SEMS showed significant usefulness in terms of improving short-term outcomes.

Decompression Illness in Divers With or Without Patent Foramen Ovale : A Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: In previous studies, the prevalence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been reported to be higher in scuba divers who experienced decompression illness (DCI) than in those who did not. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between PFO and DCI in scuba divers. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary cardiac center in South Korea. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred experienced divers from 13 diving organizations who did more than 50 dives per year. MEASUREMENTS: Participants had transesophageal echocardiography with a saline bubble test to determine the presence of a PFO and were subsequently divided into high- and low-risk groups. They were followed using a self-reported questionnaire while blinded to their PFO status. All of the reported symptoms were adjudicated in a blinded manner. The primary end point of this study was PFO-related DCI. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine the odds ratio of PFO-related DCI. RESULTS: Patent foramen ovale was seen in 68 divers (37 at high risk and 31 at low risk). Patent foramen ovale-related DCI occurred in 12 divers in the PFO group (non-PFO vs. high-risk PFO vs. low-risk PFO: 0 vs. 8.4 vs. 2.0 incidences per 10 000 person-dives; P = 0.001) during a mean follow-up of 28.7 months. Multivariable analysis showed that high-risk PFO was independently associated with an increased risk for PFO-related DCI (odds ratio, 9.34 [95% CI, 1.95 to 44.88]). LIMITATION: The sample size was insufficient to assess the association between low-risk PFO and DCI. CONCLUSION: High-risk PFO was associated with an increased risk for DCI in scuba divers. This finding indicates that divers with high-risk PFO are more susceptible to DCI than what has been previously reported and should consider either refraining from diving or adhering to a conservative diving protocol. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Sejong Medical Research Institute.

Anterior Cervical Hybrid Decompression and Fusion Surgery to Treat Multilevel Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy.

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common disease resulting from intervertebral disc herniation, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, and other pathological changes that cause spinal cord compression. CSM progresses insidiously with mild upper-limb numbness, which patients tend to ignore. As the condition worsens, the patients may experience a limp, limited fine motor activity, and eventually, a loss of daily activity. Conservative treatments, such as physical therapy and medication, are frequently ineffective for CSM. Once surgery is deemed to be required, decompression surgery is the best option. So far, both anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) have been commonly used to treat CSM. In addition, a type of hybrid procedure that combines ACDF with ACCF has been used to treat some CSM cases and achieved satisfying results. Thus, this study aims to introduce this hybrid surgical technique and advocate for it based on its patient success.