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1.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 29(4): e290416, 2019. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056966

ABSTRACT

Resumo O artigo objetivou abordar o acolhimento à experiência da crise em saúde mental a partir da cartoetnografia dos territórios existenciais e das práticas cotidianas de cuidado de adeptos do Candomblé em processo de desinstitucionalização em saúde mental de Salvador (BA) e adjacências. Para esses fins, nos valemos da abordagem teórico-metodológica cartoetnográfica. A pesquisa envolveu entrevistas não estruturadas conjugadas à observação participante nos moldes etnográficos nos espaços da vida cotidiana dos participantes. A análise de dados baseou-se em categorias éticas voltadas para o processo de desinstitucionalização e em uma segunda leitura amparada no que propusemos como "matriz cartoetnográfica de linhas de pensamento". Verificamos que a experiência de crise se mostra bastante presente nas trajetórias dos interlocutores, cujas marcas são a interrupção do cotidiano, sua valoração moral e a convocação (por vezes tácita) da rede de apoio. Do ponto de vista narrativo, os atendimentos em pronto atendimentos e/ou emergências psiquiátricas são simbolicamente esvaziados e mesmo foracluídos, enquanto o acolhimento nos terreiros é simbolicamente rico e abre margem para outras interpretações e (re)criações da existência; isso aponta para sua importância enquanto instituições que podem contribuir para a desinstitucionalização em saúde mental daqueles que a elas recorrem.


Abstract This paper aimed to address the experience of the crisis in mental health from the cartoethnography of the existential territories and daily practices of care for candomblé followers in the process of deinstitutionalization in mental health in Salvador, Brazil, and adjacent areas. For these purposes, the cartoetnographic theoretical-methodological approach was used. The research involved unstructured interviews coupled with participant observation in the ethnographic molds in the participants' daily living spaces. Data analysis was based on ethical categories focused on the process of deinstitutionalization and on a second reading supported by what we proposed as the "cartoethnographic matrix of lines of thought". We find that the experience of crisis is very present in the trajectories of the interlocutors, which marks are the interruption of daily life, their moral value and the call (sometimes tacit) of the support network. From the narrative viewpoint, care in emergency rooms and / or psychiatric emergencies is symbolically emptied and even foracluted, while the care support in the terreiros is symbolically rich and offers an horizon for other interpretations and (re)creations of existence; this highlights their importance as institutions that can contribute to the deinstitutionalization in mental health of those who resort to them.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Health , Deinstitutionalization/ethics , User Embracement , Mental Disorders , Mental Health Services , Anthropology, Cultural , Religion and Psychology , Stress, Psychological , Qualitative Research , Existentialism , Personal Narrative
2.
Lancet Psychiatry ; 5(9): 765-768, 2018 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30026060

ABSTRACT

South Africa witnessed a national tragedy between October, 2015, and June, 2016, when the Department of Health in Gauteng province moved 1711 mental health-care users with severe mental illness or severe and profound intellectual disability out of facilities managed by a private company, Life Esidimeni, mainly into the care of non-governmental organisations. The plan was called the Gauteng Mental Health Marathon Project. In a rushed and flawed process, 144 people died, and the whereabouts of another 44 remain unknown. The report of an extensive arbitration process, released in March, 2018, raises important ethical, moral, political, legal, governance, accountability, and clinical issues. The events from the tragedy and findings that were made also serve as lessons for future deinstitutionalisation globally.


Subject(s)
Deinstitutionalization/ethics , Mental Disorders/therapy , Mental Health/ethics , Patient Transfer , Attitude of Health Personnel , Community Mental Health Services/organization & administration , Hospitals, Psychiatric/organization & administration , Humans , Mortality , Needs Assessment , Professional Role , South Africa
3.
S Afr Med J ; 108(5): 382-385, 2018 04 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29843849

ABSTRACT

The Life Esidimeni tragedy highlights several ethical transgressions. Health professionals' ethics are put to the test when their own interests are balanced against competing claims. Core values of compassion, competence and autonomy, together with respect for fundamental human rights, serve as the foundation of ethical practice in healthcare. These values are increasingly being challenged by governments and other third parties. The duties conferred on healthcare practitioners require them to act responsibly and be accountable for their actions. Codes in healthcare serve as a source of moral authority. The Gauteng health authorities exerted tremendous power and created a culture of fear and disempowerment among healthcare practitioners. When health professionals choose to support state interests instead of those of patients, problematic dual-loyalty conflicts arise.


Subject(s)
Death Certificates/legislation & jurisprudence , Deinstitutionalization , Human Rights , Mental Health , Attitude of Health Personnel , Community Mental Health Services/organization & administration , Deinstitutionalization/ethics , Deinstitutionalization/legislation & jurisprudence , Deinstitutionalization/organization & administration , Forms and Records Control/legislation & jurisprudence , Forms and Records Control/standards , Hospitals, Psychiatric/organization & administration , Human Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Human Rights/standards , Humans , Mental Health/ethics , Mental Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Mental Health/standards , Needs Assessment , Professional Role , South Africa
4.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 21(1): 47-64, 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-586047

ABSTRACT

A crise, considerada a expressão da doença psíquica, refere-se a situações em que, no curso do desenvolvimento de vida, ocorrem vivências conflitivas que geram rupturas com a realidade socialmente aceita e com os laços afetivos que sustentam a pessoa. Esta pesquisa objetiva conhecer os sentidos presentes nas práticas discursivas dos profissionais acerca da atenção à crise nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Caracteriza-se por uma abordagem qualitativa que utiliza a perspectiva teórica do Construcionismo Social. Os dados utilizados fazem parte do banco de dados da pesquisa Avaliação dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial da Região Sul do Brasil (CAPSUL). No presente estudo, analisamos 27 entrevistas realizadas com profissionais do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de Alegrete e três diários de campo com o registro de 390 horas de observação. A análise dos dados identificou sentidos - periculosidade e cidadania - que foram discutidos na busca de compreender sua influência na construção de práticas de atenção à crise.


The crisis, considered the expression of mental illness, refers to situations in which, during the development of life, there are conflicting experiences that generate ruptures with the socially accepted reality and the emotional ties that sustain the person. This study aims at getting to know the meanings present in the discursive practices of professionals concerning the attention to the crisis in the Psychosocial Healthcare Centers (CAPS). It is characterized by a qualitative approach that uses the theoretical perspective of social constructionism. The data used are part of the database research Evaluation of Psychosocial Healthcare Centers in Southern part of Brazil - CAPSUL. In this study, 27 interviews with professionals from the Psychosocial Healthcare Center of Alegrete city and three field diaries with the record of 390 observation hours were analyzed. Data analysis identified the meanings - periculosity and citizenship - which were discussed in an attempt to understand their influence on the construction of attention practices to the crisis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychiatric Nursing/ethics , Hospitals, Psychiatric/ethics , Hospitals, Psychiatric , Hospitals, Psychiatric/trends , Health Personnel/ethics , Deinstitutionalization/ethics , Deinstitutionalization/history , Deinstitutionalization/trends , Social Control Policies/ethics , Social Control Policies/history , Social Control Policies/trends , Psychotropic Drugs/pharmacology , Community Mental Health Services/ethics , Community Mental Health Services , Mental Health Services/ethics , Mental Health Services , Mental Health Services/trends
5.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2009. 143 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-527048

ABSTRACT

Discutem-se os processos de trabalho e de produção do cuidado dos auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem do Núcleo de Atenção à Crise do Instituto Municipal de Assistência à Saúde Nise da Silveira, no contexto da desinstitucionalização, e seus efeitos na integralidade do cuidado. O foco de análise repousa sobre o cuidado cotidiano prestado por esses profissionais nas unidades de internação psiquiátrica. Buscou-se realizar uma reflexão sobre os aspectos contemporâneos do cotidiano da assistência psiquiátrica e o papel dos hospitais psiquiátricos no atendimento aos pacientes agudos. Para tal objetivou-se, especificamente: contextualizar o IMNS no cenário de saúde mental no município do Rio de Janeiro; descrever as práticas assistenciais de auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem no cuidado aos pacientes agudos internados; e discutir as práticas de cuidado no contexto da reorientação do modelo hospitalar e suas repercussões na integralidade da assistência em saúde, buscando contradições e aproximações com o discurso da política de saúde mental vigente. Foram abordadas na fundamentação teórica: as questões da prática da equipe de saúde sob o eixo da integralidade, em especial da equipe de enfermagem, e a relação trabalho/saúde/cotidiano na construção dos processos de trabalho e de produção do cuidado da assistência prestada. Como abordagem teórico- metodológica que possibilitou alcançar o objetivo proposto, realizou-se estudo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, na perspectiva da cartografia, tendo na observação participante seu principal elemento de coleta de dados. O mapeamento das práticas rotineiras de cuidado evidenciou que estas são predominantemente pautadas no modelo asilar, no qual auxiliares e técnicos desempenham suas atividades diárias de modo distanciado dos pacientes e de suas necessidades...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Deinstitutionalization/ethics , Deinstitutionalization/organization & administration , Deinstitutionalization , Psychiatric Nursing/history , Psychiatric Nursing , Health Facilities/history , Health Facilities/organization & administration , Health Personnel/history , Nursing Staff/history , Mental Health/history , Mental Health Assistance , Nursing Assistants/history , Nursing Assistants/organization & administration , Nursing Assistants/psychology , Brazil/ethnology , Personnel Management , Hospital Care , Ancillary Services, Hospital , Hospitals, Municipal/organization & administration , Hospitals, Municipal , Mental Health Services/history , Mental Health Services/organization & administration , Psychiatric Department, Hospital/history , Psychiatric Department, Hospital/organization & administration , Psychiatric Department, Hospital
6.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2009. 150 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-527050

ABSTRACT

Este estudo trata da saúde mental do adolescente a partir da formulação das políticas de Saúde do Adolescente (PROSAD) e de Saúde Mental, buscando compreender os debates que então se travaram em torno das questões relativas à adolescência, especialmente em relação à assistência à saúde mental, e identificando as concepções e interpretações que se apresentavam no posicionamento dos formuladores no processo de implementação das políticas no período entre 1989 e 2005. Para tal, analisamos documentos oficiais e discursos produzidos pelas políticas e realizamos entrevistas com coordenadores, gestores, ex-gestores e atores-chaves implicados em suas formulações e processos. Destacamos que, apesar de encontrarem condições de possibilidades como Políticas Nacionais no mesmo período –marcado por profundas mudanças no país, onde destacamos a instituição do SUS –, elas assumem modelos de intervenção e recortam seu objeto diferentemente e em momentos distintos, o que resulta em descompassos e hiatos que guardam certa relação com as formas de inserção nesse processo de mudança na saúde. Quando a análise se volta para a aparente intercessão das políticas no que diz respeito à saúde mental do adolescente, percebemos que dentro da perspectiva de responder ao conjunto das necessidades de cuidado da população adolescente no país, a maioria das situações que dizem respeito à saúde mental não se situa em uma e nem em outra, mas num entre as duas políticas. O entre, como lugar construído e político, aponta para uma realidade que é mais complexa do que os recortes que as políticas operam. Isso não quer dizer que as políticas públicas analisadas não se encontrem; no entanto, os encontros ou as parcerias estabelecidas acontecem, em determinados momentos, voltados para ações e projeto específicos...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Adolescent Health , Comprehensive Health Care/ethics , Comprehensive Health Care/history , Health Policy , Health Policy/economics , Health Policy/history , Delivery of Health Care/history , Brazil/ethnology , Deinstitutionalization/ethics , Deinstitutionalization/history , Psychology, Adolescent/history , Mental Health/history , Mental Health Services/ethics , Mental Health Services/history , Adolescent Health Services/ethics , Adolescent Health Services/history
7.
J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv ; 46(2): 33-41, 2008 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18293782

ABSTRACT

Research on the effectiveness of mandatory outpatient treatment, which is court-ordered mental health follow up, supports its use with individuals who have serious mental illness. Many states already have some kind of mandatory outpatient treatment in place, but it is often underused. Much of the criticism of mandatory outpatient treatment is based on the fact that research demonstrating its efficacy is limited and that its implementation infringes on individuals' rights. However, sufficient evidence can be found in the literature to support its use for some individuals with chronic mental illness living in the community. In addition, the ethical principles of beneficence, utilitarianism, and communitarianism support its use in some situations. Mandatory outpatient treatment is an ethical and effective method shown to be helpful with individuals who have mental illness and are nonadherent to treatment. Expanding its use in appropriate situations is in the best interest of those with serious mental illness and society in general.


Subject(s)
Ambulatory Care/organization & administration , Mandatory Programs/organization & administration , Mental Disorders/therapy , Patient Advocacy , Ambulatory Care/ethics , Chronic Disease , Codes of Ethics , Coercion , Deinstitutionalization/ethics , Evidence-Based Medicine , Female , Humans , Informed Consent/ethics , Mandatory Programs/ethics , Mental Disorders/psychology , Middle Aged , Nurse's Role , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Patient Advocacy/ethics , Patient Compliance/psychology , Patient Readmission , Patient Selection/ethics , Principle-Based Ethics , Program Evaluation , Psychiatric Nursing/ethics , Psychiatric Nursing/organization & administration , Severity of Illness Index
8.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2008. 179 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-510711

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo é uma pesquisa qualitativa que emprega técnicas do trabalho de campo etnográfico, realizada nos serviços residenciais terapêuticos do Instituto Municipalde Assistência à Saúde Juliano Moreira, com o objetivo de estudar indivíduos idosos portadores de transtornos mentais crônicos que passaram pelo processo de desinstitucionalização. Procura conhecer de que forma estes idosos reconstroem suas relações com o novo território onde passam a circular e com o contexto social aonde vão seinserir, enquanto envelhecem e recriam a vida fora do asilo. De forma a atingi-lo, foram escolhidos, dentre os dispositivos que compõem o programa, 14 residências onde residem idosos. Os 30 indivíduos estudados representam 81 por cento do total de idosos e 36 por cento da clientela do programa, tendo sido observados em seu cotidiano dentro e fora das moradias, em suas relações entre si, com os membros da equipe e com o território, onde re-estabelecem suas redes sociais e recuperam sua capacidade de agir segundo a lógica da reciprocidade nas trocas com outras pessoas. Os dados foram coletados pela observação participante dentro efora das residências, assim como pelas entrevistas abertas, semi-estruturadas, as quais foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas. Observou-se que os idosos apresentam ganhos em diversos aspectos de suas vidas com relação às trocas sociais e ao domínio sobre o território, mas ainda guardam resquíciosde seu período de institucionalização presentes nas suas rotinas diárias. Notou-se dentro das moradias, a existência de laços sociais baseados na reciprocidade e na ajuda mútua,possibilitando o cuidado e o apoio às necessidades dos idosos mais dependentes...


This work is a qualitative research which employs techniques of ethnographic field work carried out at residential facilities of Instituto Municipal de Assistência à Saúde Juliano Moreira, focusing on elder subjects who have undergone psychiatric deinstitutionalization in search of how they rebuild their relationships in the territory and with their social context in which they live, while they get old and recreate life outside the mental asylum. In order to achieve it, 14 facilities where old people live were chosen among the other residential devices. The 30 elders represent 81% of the total of old people and 36% of the total amount of residents, having been observed in their daily activities inside and outside their houses in their relationships among themselves, other people and with the territory, where they reconstruct their social ties and recover their ability of acting according to the logic of reciprocity and gift. The data were collected by participant observation and open, half-structured interviews, which were recorded, transcribed and analyzed. Observations have shown that elders show improvements in several aspects of their lives but the internment period remains in their daily routines. There are social bonds based on reciprocity and mutual help providing care and social support, especially for the more dependent ones. The stimulus of gift and reciprocity plays a pivotal role on planning residential facilities for elders with mental disorders. Their social networks develop in theneighborhood, accomplishing their roommates and other deinstitutionalized individuals, although neighbors and friends with no connections to the psychiatric institution are increasing their participation. They visit the asylum and circulate well in their surroundings,demanding support from the staff to go to more distant places. Their relation with the territory is an ongoing process, based on each one’s ability...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Deinstitutionalization/ethics , Deinstitutionalization/history , Deinstitutionalization/methods , Deinstitutionalization , Health of the Elderly , Mental Health , Assisted Living Facilities/ethics , Assisted Living Facilities/methods , Geriatrics/ethics , Geriatrics/history , Geriatrics/methods , Geriatrics/trends , Health Care Reform/ethics , Health Care Reform/methods , Health Care Reform/organization & administration , Health Care Reform/trends , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/prevention & control , Mental Disorders/therapy
9.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 17(2): 265-287, 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467855

ABSTRACT

O artigo discute os modos de subjetivação dos trabalhadores de saúde mental no contexto da Reforma Psiquiátrica. A partir da revisão da literatura, da análise de documentos e de 40 entrevistas com trabalhadores de serviços de saúde mental, busca analisar, por meio da utilização das ferramentas teóricas construídas por Michel Foucault, os jogos de verdades e os desafios e dificuldades presentes na implementação dos princípios da Reforma Psiquiátrica. Aponta para o jogo político e a disputa em torno das verdades sobre as formas de atenção, assim como para a necessidade de reflexão permanente com relação às formas de implicação com o trabalho como forma de evitar o adoecimento dos trabalhadores.


The article discusses the modes of subjectification of mental health workers in the context of the Psychiatric Reform. Based on the scientific literature review, document analysis and 40 interviews with mental health services workers, we intended to analyze, using the theoretical tools constructed by Michel Foucault, the truth games, challenges and difficulties present in the implementation of Psychiatric Reform's principles. We describe the political games and the dispute around the truth about the forms of health attention, as well as the need of permanent reflexive attitude towards work implication in order to avoid occupational diseases on workers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Community Psychiatry/ethics , Community Psychiatry , Community Psychiatry/trends , Psychiatry/ethics , Psychiatry/history , Psychiatry , Mental Health/history , Deinstitutionalization/ethics , Deinstitutionalization/methods , Deinstitutionalization , Deinstitutionalization/trends , Hospitals, Psychiatric/ethics , Hospitals, Psychiatric , Hospitals, Psychiatric/trends , Health Care Reform/economics , Health Care Reform/ethics , Health Care Reform/trends , Mental Health Services/ethics , Mental Health Services/organization & administration
10.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 17(2): 289-299, 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467856

ABSTRACT

Este artigo trata das premissas éticas da Reforma Psiquiátrica, mais especificamente, da desinstitucionalização enquanto desconstrução, a partir do pensamento de Emmanuel Lévinas, e a concepção de alteridade postulada a partir da proposta de uma ética radical. O resgate dos pressupostos éticos da Reforma Psiquiátrica, considerados sob novos enfoques teóricos, pode contribuir para desvelar e compreender os diversos caminhos que esse processo vem tomando com a diversidade de práticas em construção e a disseminação de serviços substitutivos em saúde mental.


This paper deals with some ethic premises of the Psychiatric Reform, more specifically, with desinstitutionalization as deconstruction, establishing a dialogue with the ideas of Emmanuel Lévinas. The concept of alterity is considered at the interface of radical ethic included in this approach. The discussion points out that the incorporation of ethical premises from the Psychiatric Reform can help understand the different possibilities and social consequences of this process, considering the diversity of practices being constructed and the growing of substitutive services in the Mental Health field.


Subject(s)
Humans , Deinstitutionalization/ethics , Deinstitutionalization/history , Deinstitutionalization , Deinstitutionalization/trends , Health Care Reform/ethics , Health Care Reform/history , Health Care Reform/trends , Mental Health Assistance , Brazil , Ethics/history , Community Psychiatry/ethics , Mental Health/history , Mental Health Services/ethics , Mental Health Services/history , Mental Health Services
11.
Arch. psiquiatr ; 69(1): 1-20, ene.-mar. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-045404

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La integración del enfenno mental crónico en su comunidad no puede planificarse sin un profundo conocimiento de la jerarquía de las necesidades individuales. Sabemos que en la población con esquizofrenia, el nivel educativo es el factor sociodemográfico alrededor del cual se acumulan un mayor número de necesidades. La formación básica constituye un factor protector en el modelo de vulnerabilidad al estrés en la medida en que mejora las capacidades de afrontamiento y de relación con el entorno de la persona. Métodos y resultados: Presentamos el proceso de articulación entre la atención sociosanitaria, la educación de adultos y la iniciación profesional de enfermas mentales que residen en el Area de Larga Estancia del Complejo Asistencial Benito Menni de Madrid (CABM). En el desarrollo de este proyecto han colaborado la Consejería de Educación (Dirección General de Promoción Educativa), la Consejería de Trabajo (Dirección General de la Mujer) y la Fundación Tomillo a instancias del CABM. Discusión y conclusiones: Esta experiencia abre una lmea de investigación y es pionera en el campo de la gestión clínica ya que ha conseguido articular el espacio sanitario y el educativo de adultos en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid dentro del proceso de la rehabilitación de enfennos mentales crónicos. Surge así un modelo de rehabilitación que nos pennite articular el espacio educativo con el sanitario de forma conjunta y que integra los tres esquemas teóricos mejor consensuados en la bibliografía actual sobre rehabilitación, gestión y política para la atención sociosanitaria del enfermo esquizofrénico: el de vulnerabilidad-estrés-afrontamiento, el modelo de gestión basado en la evaluación de la satisfacción de necesidades y la búsqueda de recursos sostenida en un modelo de discriminación positiva


Introduction: The integration of the chronically ill mental patient in his or her community cannot be planned without an in-depth knowledge of the hierarchy of individual needs. It is well known that among schizophrenia sufferers, the individual's level of educational attainment is the sociodemographic factor around which the greatest number of needs are clustered. Basic educational training constitutes a protecting factor in the model of stress vulnerability because it improves the patient's confrontational ability as well as the ability to relate to his or her environment. Methodology and results: An account is presented of the process of co-ordination between sociosanitary care, adult education and the professional initiation of mentally ill residents in the long-stay area of the Complejo Asistencial Benito Menni of Madrid (CABM). The following institutions collaborated in the project at the request of the C.A.B.M.: the Consejería de Educación (Dirección General de Promoción Educativa), Consejería de Trabajo (Dirección General de la Mujer) and the Fundación Tomillo. Discussion and conclusions: This project opens up a new line of research and is pioneering in the clinical management field, since it has succeeded in co-ordinating the spaces of sanitary care and adult education in the autonomous community of Madrid in arder to rehabilitate its chronically ill mental patients. The process has provided a model of rehabilitation which makes it possible to co-ordinate the educational and sanitary spaces, and which integrales the three best-regarded theoretical schemas in current studies of rehabilitation, management and politics in the socio-sanitary care of schizophrenic patients: that of stress vulnerability confrontation, a management model based on the evaluation of needs satisfaction and a search for sustained resources within a model of positive discrimination


Subject(s)
Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/psychology , Mental Disorders/rehabilitation , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Deinstitutionalization/methods , Education/methods , Education/organization & administration , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Hospitals, Psychiatric/supply & distribution , Mentally Ill Persons/psychology , Mentally Ill Persons/statistics & numerical data , Deinstitutionalization/ethics , Deinstitutionalization/organization & administration , Patient Care/methods , Patient Advocacy/education , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Patient Education as Topic/organization & administration , Cohort Studies
13.
Psychiatr Serv ; 54(6): 866-70, 2003 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12773602

ABSTRACT

Although there have been critiques about the application of the "least restrictive alternative" to mental health policies in the past three decades, no critical analysis of the ethical logic of this principle has been put forward. The author explores three main ethical theories-liberalism, utilitarianism, and communitarianism-and explains how liberalism and subjective utilitarianism, which evidently uphold the least restrictive alternative in the name of individual rights and preference for liberty, effectively disenfranchise patients and members of their family. Contrarily, objective utilitarianism, with its highlight on cost-effectiveness analysis, would actually lay solid ground for mental health policies that attend not simply to ideological belief but rather to the question of which treatments can most cost-effectively meet the complex needs of patients. In addition, under communitarianism the evidence derived from cost-effectiveness analysis can be used to reinterpret the traditional value in mental health policies and thereby lead to the policy in favor of the most cost-effective alternative.


Subject(s)
Deinstitutionalization/ethics , Ethics , Health Policy , Mental Disorders , Continuity of Patient Care/ethics , Freedom , Humans , Mental Health Services/ethics , Patient Rights , Politics
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