Multiprofessional care for delirium patients in intensive care: integrative review. / Cuidados multiprofissionais para pacientes em delirium em terapia intensiva: revisão integrativa.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the multiprofessional care for the management of critical patients in delirium in the ICU from the evidences found in the literature. METHODS: This integrative review was carried out in the period from February 1 to June 30, 2016 through searches on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL, with the following descriptors: delirium, critical care e intensive care units, which brought up 17 original papers. RESULTS: A bundle and a guideline, two systematic reviews, evidence 1a and four clinical trials, evidence 1b and 2b, cohort and observational studies were found. The multiprofessional care was presented to better understand the diagnosis of delirium, sedation pause, early mobilization, pain, agitation and delirium guidelines, psychomotor agitation, cognitive orientation, sleep promotion, environment and family participation. CONCLUSION: The care for delirium is wide and not specific, which determines its multifactorial aspect.

Cuidados multiprofissionais para pacientes em delirium em terapia intensiva: revisão integrativa / Cuidados multiprofesionales para pacientes en delirium en la terapia intensiva: revisión integrativa / Multiprofessional care for delirium patients in intensive care: integrative review

Resumo OBJETIVO Descrever os cuidados multiprofissionais para manejo de pacientes críticos em delirium na UTI a partir das evidências encontradas na literatura. MÉTODOS Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada no período de 1º de fevereiro a 30 de junho de 2016 através de busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e CINAHL com os descritores delirium, critical care e intensive care units que finalizou com 17 estudos originais. RESULTADOS Foram encontrados um bundle e uma diretriz, duas revisões sistemáticas, evidência 1a e quatro ensaios clínicos, evidência 1b e 2b, os demais estudos de coorte e observacionais. Os cuidados multiprofissionais foram apresentados para melhor entendimento em diagnóstico de delirium, pausa de sedação, mobilização precoce, diretrizes para dor, agitação e delirium, agitação psicomotora, orientação cognitiva, promoção do sono, ambiente e participação da família. CONCLUSÃO Os cuidados para delirium são abrangentes e pouco específicos, determinando seu aspecto multifatorial.

Resumen OBJETIVO Se objetivó describir los cuidados multiprofesionales para manejo de pacientes críticos en delirium en la UTI a partir de las evidencias encontradas en la literatura. MÉTODOS Se trata de una revisión integradora realizada en el período del 1 de febrero al 30 de junio de 2016 a través de búsqueda en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL con descriptores delirium, critical care e intensive care units que finalizó 17 estudios originales. RESULTADOS Fueron encontrados un bundle, una directriz, dos revisiones sistemáticos, evidencia 1a, cuatro ensayos clínicos, evidencia 1b y 2b, los demás estudios de cohorte y observacionales. Los cuidados multiprofesionales fueron presentados para mejor entenderse el diagnóstico de delirium, pausa de sedación, movilización temprana, directrices para dolor, agitación, y delirium, agitación psicomotora, orientación cognitiva, promoción de sueño, ambiente y participación de la familia. CONCLUSIÓN Los cuidados para delirium son más amplio y poco específicos, determinando su aspecto multifactorial.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe the multiprofessional care for the management of critical patients in delirium in the ICU from the evidences found in the literature. METHODS This integrative review was carried out in the period from February 1 to June 30, 2016 through searches on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL, with the following descriptors: delirium, critical care e intensive care units, which brought up 17 original papers. RESULTS A bundle and a guideline, two systematic reviews, evidence 1a and four clinical trials, evidence 1b and 2b, cohort and observational studies were found. The multiprofessional care was presented to better understand the diagnosis of delirium, sedation pause, early mobilization, pain, agitation and delirium guidelines, psychomotor agitation, cognitive orientation, sleep promotion, environment and family participation. CONCLUSION The care for delirium is wide and not specific, which determines its multifactorial aspect.

Schreber e a escrita: transcrição do delírio e seus efeitos de estabilização / Schreber y la escrit: transcripción del delirio y sus efectos de estabilización / Schreber and the writing: transcription of delirium and its effects in stabilization

RESUMO. A partir do paradigmático caso freudiano, baseado no livro de Schreber, o artigo destaca a importância, para o autor, da redação e sobretudo a posterior publicação do seu livro autobiográfico Memórias de um Doente dos Nervos (1905/1984). A ênfase do artigo recairá tanto na atividade de escrita do próprio autor de seu Memórias, incluindo sua repercussão no campo da psicanálise a partir da interpretação de Freud e Lacan, quanto à intenção de Schreber de torná-la pública. Ambos os trabalhos, a atividade de escrita e publicação do livro serão articulados ao conceito de suplência no ensino de Jacques Lacan. A hipótese do presente artigo é a de que tanto a escrita do delírio como a posterior publicação funcionaram como reforços na sua estabilização delirante. A primeira denominada aqui como transcrição do delírio funcionou como apoio à sua imagem pessoal e a segunda referente a tornar pública sua obra funcionou como sustento de seu nome próprio.

RESUMEN. A partir del caso freudiano paradigmático basado en el libro de Schreber, en el artículo se subraya la importancia para el autor, de la redacción y la posterior publicación de su libro auto-biográfico Memorias de un enfermo de nervios (1905/1984). El énfasis del artículo será ubicado tanto en la actividad de escribir del propio autor sus Memorias, agregando ahí la repercusión de esa obra en el campo del psicoanálisis con la interpretación de Freud y Lacan, cuanto la intención de Schreber tornarla pública. Los dos trabajos la actividad de escrita y publicación del libro serán articulados al concepto de suplencia en la enseñanza de Jacques Lacan. La hipótesis del presente artículo es la de que tanto la escrita del delirio como la publicación sirvieron como refuerzos en su estabilización delirante. La primera llamada acá de transcripción del delirio funcionó como apoyo à su imagen personal y la segunda referente a tornar publica su obra funciono como apoyo a su nombre proprio.

ABSTRACT. From the paradigmatic Freudian case based on Schreber's book, the present article highlights the importance, for the author, of the writing and especially the subsequent publication of his auto biographical book Memoirs of My Nervous Illness (1905/1984). The emphasis of this article will be on both the writing activity of the author of his Memoirs, including his repercussion in the field of psychoanalysis from the interpretation in Freud and Lacan, as well as on the intention to make it public. Both works, the activity of writing and publishing the book, will be articulated to the concept of substitution in the teaching of Jacques Lacan. Thus, the hypothesis of this article is that both the writing of delusion and its publication reinforced his delusional stabilization. The former, denominated here as transcription of delirium, worked as support to his personal image while the latter, referring to making his work public, worked as supports for his own name.

Terapia ocupacional precoz e intensiva en la prevención del delirium en adultos mayores ingresados a unidades de paciente crítico: ensayo clínico randomizado: resultados preliminares / Early and intensive occupational therapy in prevention of delirium in older adults admitted to critical patient unit: randomized clinical trial: prelimary results

Objetivo: comparar la eficacia de la prevención no farmacológica estándar (PnFE) versus la prevención no farmacológica reforzada (PnFR), consistente en prevención no farmacológica estándar más terapia ocupacional (TO) precoz e intensiva, en la incidencia del delirium en adultos mayores (AM) ingresados a unidad de pacientes críticos (UPC). Diseño: ensayo clínico randomizado, en UPC del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile (HCUCH). Sujetos: 70 pacientes de edad igual o superior a 60 años, ingresados al HCUCH entre abril y octubre del 2011, con necesidad de ingreso a UPC para monitorización, hospitalización por enfermedad aguda/crónica descompensada, con consentimiento del paciente o familiar y sin presencia de delirium al ingreso ni deterioro cognitivo previo al estudio. Materiales y métodos: PnFE (grupo control) consiste en: reorientación, movilización precoz, corrección de déficit sensoriales, manejo ambiental, protocolo de sueño y reducción de fármacos anticolinérgicos, versus PnFR (grupo experimental), que considera las siguientes áreas de intervención de TO: estimulación polisensorial, posicionamiento, estimulación cognitiva, entrenamiento en actividades de la vida diaria básica, estimulación motora de extremidades superiores y participación familiar; durante 5 días, dos veces al día. Se evaluó la presencia del delirium, con el CAM dos veces al día durante 5 días, y la severidad de éste con DRS; previo al alta se evaluó, independencia funcional con FIM, estado cognitivo con MMSE y fuerza de garra con dinamómetro de Jamar. Resultados: la PnFR de TO se asocia a menor incidencia de delirium, afectando al 16,1 por ciento del grupo con prevención no farmacológica estándar versus un 3,1 por ciento del con prevención no farmacológica reforzada, así como a menos días de hospitalización (20,6 días versus 10,4 p=.009). La independencia funcional al alta se mantiene en aspectos cognitivos (32,5 versus 32,9) mientras que en aspectos motores aumenta...

Objective: to compare the efficacy of standard non pharmacological prevention of delirium versus intensified prevention of delirium (standard prevention plus early and intensive occupational therapy) in the incidence of delirium in older adults (OA) admitted to critical patient unit (CPU). Desing: randomized control trial, blinded to outcome evaluator, in the CPU of Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile. Subjects: 70 patients aged 60 years or older, admitted to CPU between April and October of 2011, with need for admission to CPU for monitoring, acute or decompensated chronic illness, without cognitive impairment and consent by patient or family member. Materials and methods: standard prevention group consisted in: reorienting, early mobilization, correction of sensory deficit, environmental management, protocol of sleep and reduction of drugs, and intensified prevention based on standard measured plus early and intensive Occupational therapy: multisensory stimulation, positioning, cognitive stimulation, training in activities of daily living, motor stimulation of the upper extremities and family participation, twice a day for 5 days. Delirium was evaluated (twice a day for 5 days) with CAM and severity with DRS. Primary outcome was delirium incidence, and secondarily were functional independence (FIM), cognitive status (MMSE) and strength of grip with jamar dynamometer at leaving. Results: early intervention and intensive occupational therapy is associated with lower incidence of delirium, affecting 16.1 percent of non-pharmacological standard prevention group and 3.1 percent of intensified prevention group, as well as fewer days of hospitalization (20, 6 days versus 10,4, p= 0,009). The functional independence at leaving keeps in cognitive (32.5 versus 32.9) and is increases significantly in motor aspects (46.5 versus 58.3 l, P =. 03). Conclusion: standard prevention plus early intensive intervention of occupational therapy is effective in...

The impact of psychiatric comorbidity on length of stay of medical inpatients.

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of psychiatric comorbidity (PC) on length of hospital stay (LOS) of medical inpatients. A prospective cohort study was conducted. A series of 317 medical inpatients consecutively admitted to the general medical wards of a University Hospital composed the sample, after excluding those who refused or who could not be evaluated due to their physical illnesses or treatments (n=78). Data on demographic and medical variables were collected. A psychiatrist categorized subjects into two cohorts (with and without PC), according to DSM-IV, using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, except in patients cognitively impaired who were diagnosed by clinical interview. Mortality and length of stay during the index hospitalization were recorded. At admission, 156 (49%) inpatients had a current psychiatric comorbidity. After controlling for confounders (age and physical severity), in the multivariate analysis of covariance, the patients with cognitive impairment had a significantly prolonged LOS (F=17.8; P<.01) compared with those without cognitive impairment. No difference existed in LOS for the patients with depressive disorders (F=0.36; P=.55), Anxiety disorders (F=1.48; P=.22) or Substance related disorders (F=1.05; P=.30). These results suggest an independent effect of cognitive impairment increasing LOS of medical inpatients.

La Ergoterapia y Rehabilitación en el anciano enfermo mental / Occupational therapy and rehabilitation in aged mental patients

El trabajo hace un estudio de las características y patologías psíquicas o neurológicas más frecuentes en el anciano enfermo mental, así como la conducta a seguir con el paciente geriátrico con vistas a su adaptación y posible rehabilitación con el apoyo de la ergoterapia. Se analizan las necesidad de los ancianos, sus temores y cómo ayudarlos a superarlos. Se trazan los objetivos del tratamiento ergoterapéutico, bien sea por el trabajo o la recreación. Se delimitan claramente los propósitos físicos, psicológicos y sociales de la ergoterapia en estos enfermos, recogiéndose así la preocupación de la medicina a nivel mundial, ya que la creciente población anciana recibe cada vez más una eficiente atención médica. Los autores señalan que la meta principal es la rehabilitación de los ancianos enfermos mentales es ayudarlos a desenvolverse en la comunidad con el mayor grado posible de independencia. No deben olvidarse a los impedidos físicos(AU)