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1.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 31: e2024025, 2024.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38896748

ABSTRACT

This article analyzes the speeches of leading doctors in the creation of the specialty in childbirth care: gynecotology. Between 1920 and 1940, under the influence of eugenic and maternalist thinking, in a context of valuing the well-being of children, medicine built a new obstetric interventionism under the foundation of improving fetal viability. The supposed female "maternal instinct" was, thus, appealed to improve acceptance of the medical mandate. At the same time, doctors recognized their difficulties in providing adequate care. They did not wait long enough and tended to intervene in unnecessary physiological processes.


En este artículo se analizan discursos de médicos de referencia en la creación de la especialidad en la atención del parto: la ginecotocología. Entre 1920 y 1940, bajo la influencia del pensamiento eugenésico y maternalista, en un contexto de valorización del bienestar de la infancia, la medicina construyó un nuevo intervencionismo obstétrico bajo el fundamento de mejorar la viabilidad fetal. En ese marco se apeló al supuesto "instinto maternal" femenino para mejorar la aceptación del mandato médico. A la vez, los médicos reconocieron sus dificultades para asistir de forma adecuada. No esperaban el tiempo suficiente y tendían a intervenir más de lo necesario en procesos fisiológicos que no lo requerían.


Subject(s)
Obstetrics , History, 20th Century , Humans , Female , Uruguay , Pregnancy , Obstetrics/history , Eugenics/history , Parturition , Delivery, Obstetric/history
2.
Montevideo; Doble clic; 2022. 542 p. ilus.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1378239
3.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 27(4): 1169-1186, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33338182

ABSTRACT

This work uses a field survey to analyze a plenary session of the Rio de Janeiro Legislative Assembly entitled "Humanized childbirth and the right to choose." Understanding this as a political space for conflicts of knowledge pertaining to the areas of medicine, nursing, and legislature, we consider the content of this session and discourses of power/knowledge surrounding the female body and reproduction. The article explores tensions around the political struggle for "humanized childbirth" via demands made by the Regional Council of Nursing. We also address the history of the medicalization of childbirth and the role of nurses, professionals specialized in low-risk births (obstetrizes), and midwives in this process.


O trabalho analisa, por meio de pesquisa de campo, uma plenária da Assembleia Legislativa do Rio de Janeiro, "Parto humanizado e o direito da escolha". Entendendo esse como um espaço político de conflitos dos saberes da área médica, da enfermagem e do Legislativo, é ponderado o conteúdo da plenária com os discursos de saber/poder acerca do corpo feminino e de sua reprodução. O artigo explora as tensões em torno da luta política pelo "parto humanizado" a partir de demandas feitas pelo Conselho Regional de Enfermagem. É abordada também a história da medicalização do parto e o papel das enfermeiras, obstetrizes e parteiras nesse processo.


Subject(s)
Delivery, Obstetric/legislation & jurisprudence , Midwifery/history , Women's Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Brazil , Congresses as Topic , Delivery, Obstetric/education , Delivery, Obstetric/history , Doulas/legislation & jurisprudence , Female , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Midwifery/legislation & jurisprudence , Parturition , Politics , Pregnancy , Societies, Medical
4.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 27(4): 1169-1186, Oct.-Dec. 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142994

ABSTRACT

Resumo O trabalho analisa, por meio de pesquisa de campo, uma plenária da Assembleia Legislativa do Rio de Janeiro, "Parto humanizado e o direito da escolha". Entendendo esse como um espaço político de conflitos dos saberes da área médica, da enfermagem e do Legislativo, é ponderado o conteúdo da plenária com os discursos de saber/poder acerca do corpo feminino e de sua reprodução. O artigo explora as tensões em torno da luta política pelo "parto humanizado" a partir de demandas feitas pelo Conselho Regional de Enfermagem. É abordada também a história da medicalização do parto e o papel das enfermeiras, obstetrizes e parteiras nesse processo.


Abstract This work uses a field survey to analyze a plenary session of the Rio de Janeiro Legislative Assembly entitled "Humanized childbirth and the right to choose." Understanding this as a political space for conflicts of knowledge pertaining to the areas of medicine, nursing, and legislature, we consider the content of this session and discourses of power/knowledge surrounding the female body and reproduction. The article explores tensions around the political struggle for "humanized childbirth" via demands made by the Regional Council of Nursing. We also address the history of the medicalization of childbirth and the role of nurses, professionals specialized in low-risk births (obstetrizes), and midwives in this process.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Women's Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Delivery, Obstetric/legislation & jurisprudence , Midwifery/history , Politics , Societies, Medical , Brazil , Congresses as Topic , Delivery, Obstetric/education , Delivery, Obstetric/history , Parturition , Doulas/legislation & jurisprudence , Midwifery/legislation & jurisprudence
6.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 27(2): 485-502, 2020 Jun.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32667617

ABSTRACT

This qualitative research analyzes the trajectories of researchers who have produced master's and doctoral dissertations and theses on the humanization of childbirth in Brazil. The questions guiding the investigation are: How did the researchers detect the emergence of the conception of humanization of childbirth in their professional trajectories? How do these trajectories interrelate with the movement for the humanization of childbirth in Brazil? The Foucauldian theoretical framework adopted helps identify the positions occupied by the researchers in the discourse in favor of humanization, their places of utterance, and relations of knowledge and power that permeated the construction of the movement for the humanization of childbirth in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Delivery, Obstetric/history , Historiography , Parturition , Physician-Patient Relations , Brazil , Delivery, Obstetric/methods , Empathy , Female , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Parturition/psychology , Pregnancy , Qualitative Research
7.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 27(2): 485-502, abr.-jun. 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134066

ABSTRACT

Resumo Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa que analisou as trajetórias de pesquisadoras que produziram teses e/ou dissertações sobre humanização do parto e nascimento em programas de pós-graduação brasileiros. As questões que nortearam a investigação foram: como as pesquisadoras detectam a emersão da concepção de humanização para o parto e nascimento em suas trajetórias profissionais? Como essas trajetórias se relacionam com a história do movimento de humanização do parto e nascimento no Brasil? O referencial teórico foucaultiano contribuiu para identificar as posições ocupadas pelas pesquisadoras no discurso em prol da humanização, seus lugares de enunciação, bem como relações de saber e poder que permeiam a construção do movimento pela humanização do parto e nascimento no Brasil.


Abstract This qualitative research analyzes the trajectories of researchers who have produced master's and doctoral dissertations and theses on the humanization of childbirth in Brazil. The questions guiding the investigation are: How did the researchers detect the emergence of the conception of humanization of childbirth in their professional trajectories? How do these trajectories interrelate with the movement for the humanization of childbirth in Brazil? The Foucauldian theoretical framework adopted helps identify the positions occupied by the researchers in the discourse in favor of humanization, their places of utterance, and relations of knowledge and power that permeated the construction of the movement for the humanization of childbirth in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Physician-Patient Relations , Delivery, Obstetric/history , Parturition/psychology , Historiography , Brazil , Delivery, Obstetric/methods , Qualitative Research , Empathy
8.
Technol Cult ; 61(2): 559-580, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33416778

ABSTRACT

This article explores the changing institutional and technological frameworks of childbirth practices in Japan, highlighting the historical dynamism and the normative dimensions of women's experiences. This article shows how childbirth in Japan was subject to a very powerful and far-reaching process of medicalization going back to the mid-nineteenth century. In present-day Japan, the drive towards high-tech medicalization remains strong, but there is also an emphasis on the need to be "natural" and "healthy" and to avoid unnecessary medical interventions in the body. These two seemingly contradictory sets of demands are an important feature of contemporary Japanese society. Their coexistence is only possible due to the continuing hold of a system of moral responsibility that emphasizes the duty of mothers to do whatever is necessary in terms of medical care to protect the safety and the well-being of their babies.


Subject(s)
Medicalization , Parturition , Delivery, Obstetric/history , Female , Humans , Japan , Medicalization/history , Politics , Pregnancy
10.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 26(1): 53-70, 2019.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30942303

ABSTRACT

The article explores the dissemination of natural childbirth practices through an analysis of the books Parto natural: guia para os futuros pais, written by U.S. obstetrician Frederick Goodrich Jr. in 1950, under the title Natural Childbirth: a manual for expectant parents, and first published in Brazil in 1955, and of Parto natural sem dor, written by Brazilian obstetrician Beutner in 1962. Both books found a place in Brazilian culture and influenced thinking about childbirth and delivery in the field of Brazilian obstetrics and in representations of women. Based on Roger Chartier's contributions and on concepts of medicalization, we conclude that these new practices for childbirth preparation shared the period's prevalent medical views of childbirth and delivery.


Discute-se a difusão das práticas de parto natural por meio da análise dos livros Parto natural: guia para os futuros pais, escrito pelo obstetra americano Frederick Goodrich Jr. em 1950 e publicado no Brasil a partir de 1955, e Parto natural sem dor, escrito pelo obstetra brasileiro George Beutner, em 1962. Ambos tiveram boa entrada na cultura brasileira e influenciaram a forma de pensar o parto e de parir, tanto no âmbito da obstetrícia brasileira como no que concerne às representações das mulheres. A partir das contribuições de Roger Chartier e das concepções sobre medicalização, concluímos que essas novas práticas de preparação do parto compartilhavam as visões médicas sobre o parto e o nascimento predominantes no período.


Subject(s)
Delivery, Obstetric/history , Natural Childbirth/history , Prenatal Care/history , Brazil , Female , History, 20th Century , Humans , Medicalization/history , Obstetrics/history , Parturition , Pregnancy , Reference Books, Medical
11.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 26(1): 53-70, Jan.-Mar. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-989873

ABSTRACT

Resumo Discute-se a difusão das práticas de parto natural por meio da análise dos livros Parto natural: guia para os futuros pais, escrito pelo obstetra americano Frederick Goodrich Jr. em 1950 e publicado no Brasil a partir de 1955, e Parto natural sem dor, escrito pelo obstetra brasileiro George Beutner, em 1962. Ambos tiveram boa entrada na cultura brasileira e influenciaram a forma de pensar o parto e de parir, tanto no âmbito da obstetrícia brasileira como no que concerne às representações das mulheres. A partir das contribuições de Roger Chartier e das concepções sobre medicalização, concluímos que essas novas práticas de preparação do parto compartilhavam as visões médicas sobre o parto e o nascimento predominantes no período.


Abstract The article explores the dissemination of natural childbirth practices through an analysis of the books Parto natural: guia para os futuros pais, written by U.S. obstetrician Frederick Goodrich Jr. in 1950, under the title Natural Childbirth: a manual for expectant parents, and first published in Brazil in 1955, and of Parto natural sem dor, written by Brazilian obstetrician Beutner in 1962. Both books found a place in Brazilian culture and influenced thinking about childbirth and delivery in the field of Brazilian obstetrics and in representations of women. Based on Roger Chartier's contributions and on concepts of medicalization, we conclude that these new practices for childbirth preparation shared the period's prevalent medical views of childbirth and delivery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , History, 20th Century , Prenatal Care , Delivery, Obstetric/history , Natural Childbirth/history , Reference Books, Medical , Brazil , Parturition , Medicalization/history , Obstetrics/history
13.
Women Health ; 59(7): 760-774, 2019 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30615591

ABSTRACT

Episiotomy is an enlargement of the vaginal orifice made by a surgical incision of the perineum. This review aimed to provide a socio-historical retrospective on the practice or episiotomy. Using the criteria from the PRISMA guidelines, the authors conducted a literature review, browsing twenty databases and several papers available in the gray literature. Sixty-four articles, seven reports, and fifteen books were selected. Through this study, four eras with different approaches to episiotomy practice could be identified: 1792-1920, 1920-1980, 1980-1996, and 1996-2018. This review shows that institutionalization and medicalization of birth lead to a systematic practice of episiotomy in many westernized countries until 1996. Lay questioning and evidence-based medicine may have reversed this trend into a restrictive practice. After making an inventory of the factors associated with the evolution of change in the rate of episiotomies, the review finally revealed that evolution of the practice of episiotomy has also been influenced by ideological, political, and social factors.


Subject(s)
Delivery, Obstetric/history , Episiotomy/history , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/history , Female , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans
14.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 25(4): 959-977, Oct.-Dec. 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-975451

ABSTRACT

Resumo Discute-se o papel da revista feminina Claudia como dispositivo pedagógico no processo de medicalização da gestação e do parto no Brasil. A análise de edições das três primeiras décadas da revista revela como foram apresentadas e ensinadas informações nesse campo, articulando elementos de biomedicina, tecnologia e consumo. Sob a égide da supremacia da racionalidade científica e da política de risco, gestação e parto foram ressignificados e incorporados aos novos regimes médicos e tecnológicos, que incluíam a necessidade de internalização, por parte das mulheres, do desejo e obrigação de ser saudável durante a gravidez e gerar filhos sadios. Claudia traduziu para suas leitoras os novos conhecimentos médico-científicos e as novas normas da maternidade, repercutindo a complexidade e a múltipla agência da medicalização.


Abstract The role of the women's magazine Claudia as a pedagogic device in the medicalization of pregnancy and childbirth in Brazil is discussed. The analysis of issues from the magazine's first three decades shows how information in this field was presented and taught, articulating elements of biomedicine, technology, and consumption. Under the aegis of the supremacy of scientific rationality and politics of risk, pregnancy and childbirth were resignified and incorporated into new medical and technological regimes, which included the need for women to internalize the desire and obligation to be healthy during pregnancy and produce healthy children. Claudia translated new scientific and medical knowledge for its readers, along with new norms of motherhood, reflecting the complexity and multiple agency of medicalization.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , History, 19th Century , Periodicals as Topic/history , Delivery, Obstetric/history , Parturition , Medicalization/history , Prenatal Care/methods , Self Care , Brazil
15.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 25(4): 1063-1082, Oct.-Dec. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-975443

ABSTRACT

Resumo Nos últimos anos têm ocorrido mudanças no sistema obstétrico brasileiro, em função da distância entre o cenário nacional e recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde e da atuação de movimentos sociais. Isso evidencia a necessidade de considerar tanto o contexto nacional como o internacional. A fim de compreender a influência da transnacionalização no parto normal no Brasil, conduziu-se uma pesquisa documental para rastrear a evolução do sistema obstétrico no país. Como resultado, observou-se que a trajetória histórica do parto normal não se restringiu às fronteiras nacionais, tendo padrões e recomendações transnacionais impactado localmente, direcionando a criação de novas regulamentações.


Abstract In recent years, changes have taken place in Brazilian obstetrics in response to the distance between the national scenario and World Health Organization recommendations and the work of organized civil society. This indicates the need for the national and international contexts to be considered. As such, the aim here is to understand the influence of transnationalism on normal childbirth in Brazil. Documental research was conducted to trace out the development of obstetrics in the country. It was found that the historical trajectory of normal childbirth in Brazil has not necessarily been restricted to national borders, but has been influenced by transnational recommendations and standards, orienting the creation of new regulations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , History, 20th Century , Delivery, Obstetric/history , Parturition , Social Change , Brazil , Internationality , Humanism
16.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 25(4): 1039-1061, Oct.-Dec. 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-975439

ABSTRACT

Resumo Com a institucionalização da medicina no parto ocorre um deslocamento de gênero. No final do século XIX, ao mesmo tempo que as parteiras sofrem a marginalização e desqualificação de seu ofício, as mulheres lutam para conquistar acesso ao ensino superior nos cursos de medicina. Ainda na primeira metade do século XX, a escassez de mulheres nas faculdades de medicina é grande, assim como é relevante a atuação das parteiras, inclusive em contextos hospitalares. Parte dessa história está materializada na exposição "Mulheres e práticas de saúde", do Museu de História da Medicina do Rio Grande do Sul. Nosso objetivo é destacar a valorização desses saberes e práticas no Brasil junto à população por meio da educação não formal em museus.


Abstract With the institutionalization of medicine in childbirth there came about a shift in gender roles. In the late nineteenth century, at the same time as midwives' work was being marginalized and discredited, women were fighting to gain access to university-level medical education. In the first half of the twentieth century, there was a marked scarcity of women at medical faculties, and the work of midwives was important, especially in hospital settings. Part of this history is contained in the exhibition "Women and Health Practices" at the Museum of the History of Medicine of Rio Grande do Sul. We highlight the value given to this knowledge and these practices amongst the Brazilian population by means of informal education at museums.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , History, 20th Century , Delivery, Obstetric/history , Parturition , Medicalization/history , Brazil , Exhibitions as Topic , Gender Identity , Museums
17.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 25(4): 921-941, Oct.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-975433

ABSTRACT

Abstract This article explores women's reproductive health in early twentieth-century Rio de Janeiro, showing that elevated and sustained stillbirth and maternal mortality rates marked women's reproductive years. Syphilis and obstetric complications during childbirth were the main causes of stillbirths, while puerperal fever led maternal death rates. Utilizing traditional sources such as medical dissertations and lesser-used sources including criminal investigations, this article argues that despite official efforts to medicalize childbirth and increase access to clinical healthcare, no real improvements were made to women's reproductive health in the first half of the twentieth century. This, of course, did not make pregnancy and childbirth any easier for the women who embodied these statistics in their reproductive lives.


Resumo O artigo aborda a saúde reprodutiva das mulheres no Rio de Janeiro do início do século XX, mostrando que taxas elevadas de mortalidade materna e de contínua natimortalidade marcavam os anos reprodutivos das mulheres. As principais causas de natimortalidade eram sífilis e complicações obstétricas, enquanto febre puerperal encabeçava as taxas de morte materna. Utilizando fontes tradicionais como teses doutorais e fontes como investigações criminais, o artigo discute que, apesar dos esforços oficiais para medicalizar o parto e aumentar o acesso aos serviços de saúde, nenhuma melhoria real foi feita na saúde reprodutiva das mulheres na primeira metade do século XX. Isso, certamente, não facilitou a gravidez e o parto das mulheres que compunham as estatísticas em suas vidas reprodutivas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , History, 20th Century , Maternal Mortality/history , Women's Health/history , Delivery, Obstetric/history , Stillbirth , Reproductive Health/history , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/history , Puerperal Infection/history , Brazil , Syphilis/complications , Syphilis/history , Cities , Delivery, Obstetric/adverse effects
18.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 25(4): 1019-1037, Oct.-Dec. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-975437

ABSTRACT

Resumo Entre 1945-1964 o Brasil vivia uma acelerada modernização. Transformando-se numa sociedade urbana, sob o jugo do higienismo, procurava refutar práticas e costumes considerados tradicionais e arcaicos. Nesse contexto, a figura tradicional da parteira é preterida socialmente para dar espaço ao conhecimento médico, que passa a incidir sobre o partejar e o maternar. Este texto analisa o Boletim da LBA, investigando o processo de medicalização e cientifização da maternidade e do parto, tomando em observação os embates científicos e morais sobre maternidade e parto que ocupavam as páginas da publicação oficial da maior instituição de assistência no país.


Abstract Between 1945 and 1964, Brazil underwent an accelerated process of modernization. Increasingly urbanized and guided by the precepts of social hygiene, the country was keen to refute any practices or customs regarded as traditional or old-fashioned. As such, the traditional figure of the midwife was supplanted by medical knowledge, which came to exert influence on childbirth and motherhood. This text analyzes Boletim da LBA, investigating the medicalization and scientification of childbirth and motherhood and focusing on the scientific and moral clashes about motherhood and childbirth contained in this, the official publication of the country's largest welfare institution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , History, 20th Century , Periodicals as Topic/history , Social Change/history , Delivery, Obstetric/history , Parturition , Medicalization/history , Brazil
19.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 25(4): 1147-1154, Oct.-Dec. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039943

ABSTRACT

Resumo Nesta nota de pesquisa apresento um relato preliminar da pesquisa de doutorado em saúde da criança e da mulher que estou realizando no Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira/Fiocruz. Elegi como objeto de estudo a difusão dos saberes e práticas relativas ao parto. Optei em realizá-lo por meio da análise dos manuais de obstetrícia. Analiso manuais publicados no Brasil, entre 1980 e 2011, e pretendo contribuir para a construção de uma assistência ao parto no qual a mulher e suas necessidades sejam o centro no processo de tomada de decisões sobre os cuidados, intervenções e procedimentos a serem dispensados no trabalho de parto e no parto.


Abstract In this research note, I present a preliminary account of doctoral research in women's and children's health at the Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira/Fiocruz. The aim is to study the spread of knowledge and practices relating to childbirth by analyzing obstetrics handbooks published in Brazil between 1980 and 2011, contributing to the development of childbirth care in which the woman and her needs are at the center of the decision-making process about which care, interventions, and procedures are to be dispensed during labor and childbirth.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Delivery, Obstetric/history , Parturition , Medicalization/history , Manuals as Topic , Obstetrics/history , Brazil
20.
Cien Saude Colet ; 23(11): 3525-3534, 2018 Nov.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30427426

ABSTRACT

The scope of this study is to discuss teaching strategies directed towards women to institutionalize the representation of normal birth based on the work "Natural Childbirth: A Guide for Future Parents", published in 1955. The research begins with a historical and cultural analysis of the 1955, 1957, 1960 and 1964 editions of this book. It is aided by materials published, in the same period, which share the same meanings and representations concerning issues surrounding childbirth in the Brazilian context. It is a period marked by retrospectives and the emergence of methods for preparing women for the childbirth process. The results of our analysis, in the light of Roger Chartier's theoretical framework, especially applying the notion of representation of Michel Foucault, indicate that the apparatuses used in the work's registers sought to propose a disciplinary model for childbirth: institutionalization, medical insertion and industrialization of normal childbirth in the Brazilian context of the mid-twentieth century.


O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir as estratégias pedagógicas destinadas às mulheres para institucionalização da representação do parto normal a partir da obra Parto Natural: Guia para os futuros pais, publicada em 1955. Partiu-se de uma análise histórica e cultural desse livro em suas edições publicadas nos anos de 1955, 1957, 1960 e 1964, auxiliada por materiais publicados à época que compartilhavam das mesmas significações e representações referentes às questões do parto no contexto brasileiro. Esse período foi marcado pelo resgate e surgimento de métodos de preparação da mulher para o processo de parir. A análise, à luz do referencial teórico de Roger Chartier, principalmente com a noção de representação, e de Michel Foucault, indica que os dispositivos utilizados na tessitura da obra visaram propor um modelo de parto disciplinar, a institucionalização, medicalização e industrialização do parto normal no contexto brasileiro em meados do século XX.


Subject(s)
Delivery, Obstetric/history , Natural Childbirth/history , Parturition , Brazil , Cultural Characteristics , Female , History, 20th Century , Humans , Medicalization/history , Pregnancy
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