Evaluation of teeth injuries in Beagle dogs caused by autoclaved beef bones used as a chewing item to remove dental calculus.

Dental calculus (DC) is the most widespread oral problem in domestic dogs. Chewing items are used to remove DC from the tooth surface; they also favor oral health and animal welfare. Raw beef bone mastication also shortly reduces DC in adult dogs. However, it can cause oral lesions and hence is not popular. This study evaluated the impact of bone mastication on the dental roots, enamel, and gingiva of dogs. Twelve adult Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups in a completely randomized block design: cortical bone (CB) or spongy bone (SB). Intraoral radiographs were obtained on days 0 and 14, and calculus assessment was performed using images captured on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 14; an integration program was used to measure the proportion between the area covered by calculus and the total area of teeth. DC was completely removed from the first and second premolars and molars from both the arcades in less than 3 days of supplementation, indicating that these teeth were frequently used for chewing (P < 0.10). Bones were highly effective for DC removal and gingival inflammation reduction. Despite the hardness of bones, no lesions or teeth root and enamel fracture, or esophageal or intestinal obstructions-complications related to bone ingestion-were noted. However, SB showed some gingival lesions (n = 4) and bone remnants between teeth (n = 2). Gingival lesions were caused by the daily and continuous supply of new pieces of bone for 13 days. Specific pieces of bone should be used for oral home care programs because they shortly remove almost 90% of DC, allowing longer intervals between periodontal cleaning procedures. Long-term studies are required to evaluate the use of bones and evaluate their impact on teeth and periodontium after prolonged supplementation.

Hematological and biochemical evaluation of dogs undergoing treatment with veterinary dental gel for the reduction of plaque and dental calculus

Background: Periodontal disease affects a large proportion of dogs, causing both local and systemic symptoms. Severalstudies to identify alternative approaches for plaque reduction and removal have been conducted. Recently, Tropiclean FreshBreath Clean Teeth Gel was introduced as an adjuvant to aid in plaque and calculus removal. This product is formulatedusing Aloe vera, green tea, and mint; however, studies on the toxic potential of this product have not been performed yet.The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Tropiclean Fresh Breath Clean Teeth Gel product on hematologicaland biochemical profiles in dogs undergoing 90-day treatment with the product.Materials, Methods & Results: Per manufacturers recommendation, the product should be used daily for 30 consecutivedays, and subsequently, as maintenance at two to three times a week. In this study, 48 dogs with periodontal disease whoreceived prolonged daily treatment for 90 consecutive days underwent hematological and biochemical evaluation. Duringthe 90 days treatment duration, the animals were examined daily to identify the presence of adverse effects; and changesin halitosis were reported. At pre-treatment time-point, 5 mL of blood was collected via cephalic or jugular vein puncturein EDTA tubes for determining the complete blood count (CBC), and in tubes without EDTA for the urea, creatinine,and ALT levels; in addition, for comparison, blood was collected after 90 days treatment. At post-treatment time-point,the hematological and biochemical analyses showed significantly lower total leukocyte count as compared to that at pretreatment (P < 0.01); comprising lower neutrophil count as the cell type involved (P < 0.05). The other parameters showedno statistically significant differences, demonstrating an absence of the products effect in terms of alteration of theseprofiles...(AU)

Hematological and biochemical evaluation of dogs undergoing treatment with veterinary dental gel for the reduction of plaque and dental calculus

Background: Periodontal disease affects a large proportion of dogs, causing both local and systemic symptoms. Severalstudies to identify alternative approaches for plaque reduction and removal have been conducted. Recently, Tropiclean FreshBreath Clean Teeth Gel was introduced as an adjuvant to aid in plaque and calculus removal. This product is formulatedusing Aloe vera, green tea, and mint; however, studies on the toxic potential of this product have not been performed yet.The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Tropiclean Fresh Breath Clean Teeth Gel product on hematologicaland biochemical profiles in dogs undergoing 90-day treatment with the product.Materials, Methods & Results: Per manufacturers’ recommendation, the product should be used daily for 30 consecutivedays, and subsequently, as maintenance at two to three times a week. In this study, 48 dogs with periodontal disease whoreceived prolonged daily treatment for 90 consecutive days underwent hematological and biochemical evaluation. Duringthe 90 days’ treatment duration, the animals were examined daily to identify the presence of adverse effects; and changesin halitosis were reported. At pre-treatment time-point, 5 mL of blood was collected via cephalic or jugular vein puncturein EDTA tubes for determining the complete blood count (CBC), and in tubes without EDTA for the urea, creatinine,and ALT levels; in addition, for comparison, blood was collected after 90 days’ treatment. At post-treatment time-point,the hematological and biochemical analyses showed significantly lower total leukocyte count as compared to that at pretreatment (P < 0.01); comprising lower neutrophil count as the cell type involved (P < 0.05). The other parameters showedno statistically significant differences, demonstrating an absence of the products’ effect in terms of alteration of theseprofiles...

"Tartarectomia" versus tratamento periodontal: relato de caso / "Tartarectomy" versus periodontal treatment: case report / "Tartarectomía" versus tratamiento periodontal: relato de caso

A doença periodontal é a afecção de maior prevalência na clínica de cães e gatos sendo a resposta inflamatória ao acúmulo da placa bacteriana e não do cálculo dental como muitos supõem. O sinal clínico mais comum é a halitose. Após diagnosticada, o tratamento periodontal é indicado, com o intuito de devolver a saúde bucal ao paciente. A realização indiscriminada de limpeza de tártaro também conhecida por "tartarectomia", onde é realizada apenas a retirada do cálculo dentário supragengival exclui etapas importantes do estadiamento da doença e consequentemente do tratamento periodontal e confere a ilusória impressão de boca saudável. Através do presente relato de caso procurou-se evidenciar a diferença entre "tartarectomia" e tratamento periodontal que vai muito além do nome utilizado para o tratamento.

Periodontal disease is the most prevalent condition in the dog's and cat's clinic, being the inflammatory response to bacterial plaque accumulation and not to dental calculus as many suppose. The most common clinical symptom is halitosis. After diagnosis, periodontal treatment is indicated, with the intention to restore the patient's oral health. The realization of dental scaling also known as "tartarectomy" where only the removal of the supragingival dental calculus is performed excludes important stages of periodontal assessment and consequently of the treatment and gives the false impression of a healthy mouth. In the present case report, the authors tried to show the difterence between "tartarectomy" and periodontal treatment, that goes far beyond the terminology used for the treatment.

La enfermedad periodontal es la afección de mayor prevalencia en la clínica de perros y gatos siendo la respuesta inflamatoria a la acumulatión de la placa bacteriana y no del cálculo dental como muchos suponen. La señal clínica más común es la halitosis. Después de diagnosticada, el tratamiento periodontal es indicado, con el propósito de devolver la salud bucal al paciente. La realización indiscriminada de limpieza de tártaro conocida también por "tartarectomia", donde se realiza sólo la retirada del cálculo dental supragingival excluye etapas importantes de la estadificación de la enfermedad y consecuentemente del tratamiento periodontal y confiere la ilusoria impresión de boca sana. A través del presente relato de caso se buscó evidenciar la diferencia del tratamiento periodontal y "tartarectomía" que va mucho más aliá del nombre utilizado para el tratamiento.

"Tartarectomia" versus tratamento periodontal: relato de caso / "Tartarectomy" versus periodontal treatment: case report / "Tartarectomía" versus tratamiento periodontal: relato de caso

A doença periodontal é a afecção de maior prevalência na clínica de cães e gatos sendo a resposta inflamatória ao acúmulo da placa bacteriana e não do cálculo dental como muitos supõem. O sinal clínico mais comum é a halitose. Após diagnosticada, o tratamento periodontal é indicado, com o intuito de devolver a saúde bucal ao paciente. A realização indiscriminada de limpeza de tártaro também conhecida por "tartarectomia", onde é realizada apenas a retirada do cálculo dentário supragengival exclui etapas importantes do estadiamento da doença e consequentemente do tratamento periodontal e confere a ilusória impressão de boca saudável. Através do presente relato de caso procurou-se evidenciar a diferença entre "tartarectomia" e tratamento periodontal que vai muito além do nome utilizado para o tratamento.(AU)

Periodontal disease is the most prevalent condition in the dog's and cat's clinic, being the inflammatory response to bacterial plaque accumulation and not to dental calculus as many suppose. The most common clinical symptom is halitosis. After diagnosis, periodontal treatment is indicated, with the intention to restore the patient's oral health. The realization of dental scaling also known as "tartarectomy" where only the removal of the supragingival dental calculus is performed excludes important stages of periodontal assessment and consequently of the treatment and gives the false impression of a healthy mouth. In the present case report, the authors tried to show the difterence between "tartarectomy" and periodontal treatment, that goes far beyond the terminology used for the treatment.(AU)

La enfermedad periodontal es la afección de mayor prevalencia en la clínica de perros y gatos siendo la respuesta inflamatoria a la acumulatión de la placa bacteriana y no del cálculo dental como muchos suponen. La señal clínica más común es la halitosis. Después de diagnosticada, el tratamiento periodontal es indicado, con el propósito de devolver la salud bucal al paciente. La realización indiscriminada de limpieza de tártaro conocida también por "tartarectomia", donde se realiza sólo la retirada del cálculo dental supragingival excluye etapas importantes de la estadificación de la enfermedad y consecuentemente del tratamiento periodontal y confiere la ilusoria impresión de boca sana. A través del presente relato de caso se buscó evidenciar la diferencia del tratamiento periodontal y "tartarectomía" que va mucho más aliá del nombre utilizado para el tratamiento.(AU)

The effect of the angle of instrumentation of the Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Scaler on root surfaces.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of variations in the working angle of the piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler (PUS) on root surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-five uniradicular bovine teeth were used, of which 25 teeth were used for the analysis of the roughness and root wear, while the remaining 30 teeth were used for the analysis of morphology (MRS) and the attachment of blood components (ABC). The teeth were randomly divided into five groups according to the type of treatment (G1-G5: piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler; G6: manual curette) and to the PUS working angle applied (G1: 0°; G2: 30°; G3: 45°; G4: 60°; G5: 90°). For statistical analysis, the data describing the MRS and ABC were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests, and the data describing the roughness and tooth wear were analysed by anova and Tukey's tests at the significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Manual curette (MC) promoted a smoother root surface than the application of the PUS. The PUS used at the angles of 30° and 45° resulted in a high level of ABC that was comparable to that obtained by MC. Additionally, the group in which the PUS was applied at an angle of 45° exhibited less tooth wear than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the working angle of the PUS influenced the characteristics of root surfaces after instrumentation.

Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on serum and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine levels during pregnancy and postpartum.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A low-grade systemic inflammatory status originating from periodontal infection has been proposed to explain the association between periodontal disease and systemic conditions, including adverse obstetric outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of periodontal therapy during pregnancy on the gingival crevicular fluid and serum levels of six cytokines associated with periodontal disease and preterm birth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A subsample of 60 women (18-35 years of age) up to 20 gestational weeks, previously enrolled in a larger randomized clinical trial, was recruited for the present study. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either comprehensive nonsurgical periodontal therapy before 24 gestational weeks (n = 30, test group) or only one appointment for supragingival calculus removal (n = 30, control group). Clinical data, and samples of blood and gingival crevicular fluid, were collected at baseline, at 26-28 gestational weeks and 30 d after delivery. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and tumor necrosis factor-α were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: After treatment, a major reduction in periodontal inflammation was observed in the test group, with bleeding on probing decreasing from 49.62% of sites to 11.66% of sites (p < 0.001). Periodontal therapy significantly reduced the levels of IL-1ß and IL-8 in gingival crevicular fluid (p < 0.001). However, no significant effect of therapy was observed on serum cytokine levels. After delivery, the levels of IL-1ß in the gingival crevicular fluid of the test group were significantly lower than were those in the control group (p < 0.001), but there were no significant differences between test and control groups regarding serum cytokine levels. CONCLUSION: Although periodontal therapy during pregnancy successfully reduced periodontal inflammation and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine levels, it did not have a significant impact on serum biomarkers.

Effects of periodontal therapy on phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils - evidence for an extrinsic cellular defect.

PURPOSE: To compare phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils from subjects with and without periodontal disease and evaluate the effects of periodontal therapy in individuals with similar levels of resolution of inflammation at the end of treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To compare the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, peripheral blood was collected from 27 control subjects with a healthy periodontium and 28 periodontitis subjects before and after treatment. The phagocytosis of killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pre-sensitised or non-sensitised with fresh serum from the donor, was quantified and a phagocytic index was calculated as the mean number of yeast cells phagocytised by the percentage of neutrophils involved in phagocytosis. RESULTS: Prior to periodontal treatment, subjects with periodontitis exhibited significantly lower neutrophil phagocytic activity than control subjects with a healthy periodontium. Periodontal treatment significantly improved in clinical periodontal status and resulted in significantly increased phagocytosis of both pre-sensitised (from 113.0 pre- to 157.0 post-treatment, P = 0.02) and non-sensitised S. cerevisiae (from 1.5 pre- to 3.5 post-treatment, P = 0.001), to levels observed in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils from subjects with periodontal disease was lower than that of healthy controls. Subjects who underwent non-surgical periodontal treatment and strict supportive therapy for 6 months showed improved phagocytic activity in peripheral blood neutrophils. The phagocytic index values from subjects with periodontal disease after treatment achieved those found in the control group.

A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of manual, magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instruments--an in vitro profilometric and SEM study.

OBJECTIVES: The debridement of diseased root surface is usually performed by mechanical scaling and root planing using manual and power driven instruments. Many new designs in ultrasonic powered scaling tips have been developed. However, their effectiveness as compared to manual curettes has always been debatable. Thus, the objective of this in vitro study was to comparatively evaluate the efficacy of manual, magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instrumentation on periodontally involved extracted teeth using profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 30 periodontally involved extracted human teeth were divided into 3 groups. The teeth were instrumented with hand and ultrasonic instruments resembling clinical application. In Group A all teeth were scaled with a new universal hand curette (Hu Friedy Gracey After Five Vision curette; Hu Friedy, Chicago, USA). In Group B CavitronTM FSI - SLI TM ultrasonic device with focused spray slimline inserts (Dentsply International Inc., York, PA, USA) were used. In Group C teeth were scaled with an EMS piezoelectric ultrasonic device with prototype modified PS inserts. The surfaces were analyzed by a Precision profilometer to measure the surface roughness (Ra value in µm) consecutively before and after the instrumentation. The samples were examined under SEM at magnifications ranging from 17x to 300x and 600x. RESULTS: The mean Ra values (µm) before and after instrumentation in all the three groups A, B and C were tabulated. After statistically analyzing the data, no significant difference was observed in the three experimental groups. Though there was a decrease in the percentage reduction of Ra values consecutively from group A to C. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the present study, given that the manual, magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instruments produce the same surface roughness, it can be concluded that their efficacy for creating a biologically compatible surface of periodontally diseased teeth is similar.

A comparative evaluation of the efficacy of manual, magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instruments: an in vitro profilometric and SEM study

OBJECTIVES: The debridement of diseased root surface is usually performed by mechanical scaling and root planing using manual and power driven instruments. Many new designs in ultrasonic powered scaling tips have been developed. However, their effectiveness as compared to manual curettes has always been debatable. Thus, the objective of this in vitro study was to comparatively evaluate the efficacy of manual, magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instrumentation on periodontally involved extracted teeth using profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 30 periodontally involved extracted human teeth were divided into 3 groups. The teeth were instrumented with hand and ultrasonic instruments resembling clinical application. In Group A all teeth were scaled with a new universal hand curette (Hu Friedy Gracey After Five Vision curette; Hu Friedy, Chicago, USA). In Group B CavitronTM FSI - SLI TM ultrasonic device with focused spray slimline inserts (Dentsply International Inc., York, PA, USA) were used. In Group C teeth were scaled with an EMS piezoelectric ultrasonic device with prototype modified PS inserts. The surfaces were analyzed by a Precision profilometer to measure the surface roughness (Ra value in µm) consecutively before and after the instrumentation. The samples were examined under SEM at magnifications ranging from 17x to 300x and 600x. RESULTS: The mean Ra values (µm) before and after instrumentation in all the three groups A, B and C were tabulated. After statistically analyzing the data, no significant difference was observed in the three experimental groups. Though there was a decrease in the percentage reduction of Ra values consecutively from group A to C. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the present study, given that the manual, magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instruments produce the same surface roughness, it can be concluded that their efficacy for creating a biologically compatible surface of periodontally diseased teeth is similar.

Comparação de parâmetros periodontais após utilização de contenção ortodôntica com fio trançado e contenção modificada / Comparison of periodontal parameters after the use of orthodontic multi-stranded wire retainers and modified retainers

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to compare two types of fixed orthodontic retainers (a multi-stranded wire retainer and a modified retainer) in relation to established periodontal parameters. The multi-stranded wire retainer is commonly used, and the modified retainer has bends to enable free access of dental floss to interproximal areas. METHODS: For this crossover study, 12 volunteers were selected and used the following retainers for six months: (A) a multi-stranded wire retainer and (B) a modified retainer. Both retainers were fixed to all anterior lower teeth.After this experimental period, the following evaluations were made: Dental Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Dental Calculus Index and Retainer Wire Calculus Index. The volunteers also responded to a questionnaire about the use, comfort and hygiene of the retainers. RESULTS: It was observed that the plaque index and the gingival index were higher on the lingual surface (p<0.05) for the modified retainer. Furthermore, the calculus index was statistically higher (p<0.05) for the lingual and proximal surfaces when using the modified retainer. The retainer wire calculus index values were also significantly higher (p<0.05) for the modified retainer. In the questionnaire, 58 percent of the volunteers considered the modified retainer to be less comfortable and 54 percent of them preferred the multi-stranded wire retainer. CONCLUSION: From the results obtained, it could be concluded that the multi-stranded wire retainer showed better results than the modified retainer according to the periodontal parameters evaluated, as well as providing greater comfort and being the retainer preferred by the volunteers.

OBJETIVO: o presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar dois tipos de contenções ortodônticas fixas, em relação a parâmetros periodontais estabelecidos. A contenção com fio trançado é a mais comumente utilizada e a contenção modificada apresenta dobras que têm a finalidade de permitir o livre acesso do fio dental às áreas interproximais.MÉTODOS: para esse estudo cruzado, foram selecionados 12 voluntários que utilizaram, por 6 meses, A) Contenção com fio trançado e B) Contenção modificada — sendo essas fixadas em todos os dentes do segmento anterior. Após esse período experimental, foram feitas as seguintes avaliações: Índice de Placa Dentária, Índice Gengival, Índice de Cálculo Dentário e Índice de Cálculo ao longo do fio de contenção. Os voluntários também responderam a um questionário com relação à utilização, conforto e higienização das contenções.RESULTADOS: foi observado que o índice de placa e o índice gengival foram maiores nas faces linguais (p<0,05) para a contenção modificada. Além disso, o índice de cálculo foi estatisticamente maior (p<0,05) considerando-se as faces linguais e proximais na utilização da contenção modificada. O índice de cálculo ao longo do fio também apresentou valores significativamente maiores (p<0,05) na contenção modificada. Em relação ao questionário, 58% dos voluntários consideraram que a contenção modificada é mais desconfortável; e 54% deles preferiram a contenção com fio trançado.CONCLUSÃO: a partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a contenção com fio trançado apresentou melhores resultados do que a contenção modificada, de acordo com os parâmetros periodontais avaliados, além de apresentar maior conforto e preferência na sua utilização.

Scanning electron microscopy in vitro study on the effect of Carisolv application on periodontally diseased root surfaces.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of diseased root surfaces treated by the association of scaling and the application of Carisolv. Twenty-four uniradicular periodontally involved teeth were used in this study. The teeth were divided randomly into three groups: eight teeth were scaled and root planed until there was a complete visible removal of calculus (group 1), Carisolv was applied on the root surfaces of eight teeth twice for 30 seconds before scaling with a sharp curette (group 2), and eight teeth received the same treatment as in group 2 but with a blunt curette (group 3). Specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The superficial aspect of the roots from group 1 presented scratches that mirrored the curette cutting edge, and the smear layer completely covered the surface. Root surfaces from groups 2 and 3 also presented a smear layer that covered the surface completely, but it was somewhat smoother than group 1. The use of Carisolv as an adjunct to scaling and root planing presented no advantage for smear layer removal over scaling alone, suggesting that no benefit is obtained by the use of Carisolv during periodontal mechanical treatment.

Dental management of a patient with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) occurs in one out of 300,000 individuals. It is mainly characterized by a delay in growth, psychomotor retardation, duplication of the distal phalanx of the thumbs, typical facial dimorphism, a risk of cancer, and multiple dental abnormalities. This case report describes the dental management of a 13-year-old female with RTS, who had multiple dental problems such as caries, periodontal disease, and a severe malocclusion. Physical findings were similar to those previously described in other reports. Dental treatment was carried out under sedation due to the patient's inability to cooperate during dental treatment. After 3 years of follow-up there were no new caries and the periodontal health had improved.

Drug-induced gingival enlargement: biofilm control and surgical therapy with gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser-A 2-year follow-up.

Drug-induced gingival enlargement has been reported in patients treated with various types of anticonvulsant drugs, and is generally associated with the presence of plaque, gingival inflammation, and a genetic predisposition. Effective treatment includes daily oral hygiene and periodic professional prophylaxis. However, in some patients, surgical removal of the gingival tissue overgrowth becomes necessary. The patient in this case report was mentally impaired and had severe drug-induced gingival enlargement. This report describes the initial protocol, the gingivectomy, and a 2-year follow-up. A diode laser was used as an effective and safe method to remove the patient's overgrown gingival tissue.

Early antimicrobial activity of intracanal medications on the external root surface of periodontally compromised teeth.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of scaling and root planing on the antimicrobial activity of intracanal medications on the external root surface of periodontally compromised teeth. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Forty single-rooted extracted teeth were randomly assigned for visible calculus removal or scaling and root planing. Samples were separated into four groups-chlorhexidine, tetracycline hydrochloride, calcium hydroxide, or saline solution-and immersed in semisolid media and seeded with Micrococcus luteus for 24 hours. The zones of inhibition were measured using a profile projector. RESULTS: Calcium hydroxide and saline solution did not show bacterial growth inhibition. Chlorhexidine and tetracycline showed the occurrence of zones of inhibition in 70% and 40% of specimens, respectively. CONCLUSION: Partial antimicrobial activity on the external root surface was found when chlorhexidine and tetracycline solutions were used as intracanal medications; however, root planing procedures may modify this condition.

Análisis in vitro de la micro dureza del esmalte dental humano expuesto al peróxido carbamida y sometido a la acción del flureto / In vitro analysis of the micro hardness of human enamel exposed to carbamide peroxide under the action of flureto

Este estudio analizó la micro dureza del esmalte dental humano expuesto al agente blanqueador peróxido de carbamida a 16%, con posterior aplicación, o no, de fluoreto de sodio a 2%. La muestra fue constituida por 20 dientes humanos, terceros molares inclusos de los cuales fueron confeccionados 20 especímenes divididos en 2 grupos: Grupo A compuesto por 10 especímenes que fueron clareados, Grupo B compuesto por 10 especímenes clareados y sometidos a la aplicación de fluoreto. Fueron tomadas las medidas iniciales y finales de micro dureza para los dos grupos. Después del análisis estadístico, los resultados demostraron que, para el Grupo A, el agente blanqueador no presentó una reducción estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05) en la micro dureza del esmalte dental, ya para el Grupo B, el uso de fluoreto de sodio a 2% restauró completamente la micro dureza del esmalte. Se concluye que la técnica de blanqueamiento vital mediato con peróxido de carbamida a 16% es un tratamiento recomendado, pues aunque altere la micro dureza del esmalte, esa pérdida es revertida probablemente debido al efecto tapón de la saliva y al uso de fluoretos pos blanqueamiento

This study analyzed the microhardness of the human dental enamel exposed the brighten agent 16% carbamide peroxide, with and without application of 2% sodium flouride. The sample was established by twenty human tooth, intact third molars from which have been obtained twenty fractions of enamel and were made the specimens, these have been divided in two groups : Group A - composed by 10 specimens which were only brighten, Group B - composed by ten specimens brighten and submitted on the application of flouride. After the initial results of microhardness of the dental enamel, were made the final measures of microhardness from the specimens from the Groups A and B. After statistical analysis, the results demonstrating that to the Group A, the brighten agent it didn´t present a reduction significant estatistical (p < 0,05) on microhardness of the dental enamel, about the group B the use of 2% sodium flouride revamped entirely the microhardness of the enamel. We concluded that the technique of mediate vital bleaching with 16% carbamide peroxide is a recommended treatment, because even it affects the microhardness of the enamel, this waste is probably reverted due the tampon effect from saliva and the use of flouride after bleaching

En el tratamiento periodontal, por qué siempre el raspaje / In periodontal treatment, why always scaling

Se hace referencia a la principal causa etiológica de las enfermedades gingivo-periodontales y de las alteraciones que provoca en los tejidos involucrados, especialmente en el área de la unión dentogingival. Se define el significado del raspaje y alisado radicular, su efecto sobre dientes y encías y los beneficios que se reflejan en la recuperación de las características histológicas y clínicas normales. Se dan a conocer los resultados positivos sobre los distintos parámetros periodontales, concluyendo que es el procedimiento clínico más importante del tratamiento en periodoncia.(AU)

En el tratamiento periodontal, por qué siempre el raspaje / In periodontal treatment, why always scaling

Se hace referencia a la principal causa etiológica de las enfermedades gingivo-periodontales y de las alteraciones que provoca en los tejidos involucrados, especialmente en el área de la unión dentogingival. Se define el significado del raspaje y alisado radicular, su efecto sobre dientes y encías y los beneficios que se reflejan en la recuperación de las características histológicas y clínicas normales. Se dan a conocer los resultados positivos sobre los distintos parámetros periodontales, concluyendo que es el procedimiento clínico más importante del tratamiento en periodoncia.

Comparative study on the effect of ultrasonic instruments on the root surface in vivo.

The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of different ultrasonic instruments on the root surface. Fourteen patients with 35 single root teeth designated for extraction were recruited to the present study. Teeth were assigned to four experimental groups: group 1, piezoelectric ultrasonic device; group 2, magnetostrictive ultrasonic device; group 3, hand instrumentation; and group 4, untreated teeth (control). After instrumentation, the teeth were extracted and the presence of residual deposits (roughness and root surfaces characteristics) were analyzed. The results showed that residual deposits were similar in all tested groups: piezoelectric, 8.7%; magnetostrictive, 9.7%; hand instrumentation, 11.1% and control, 76.4%. There were statistically significant differences between control and all the experimental groups (p < 0.0001). With respect to roughness parameters evaluation, R(a) and R(z) of the roots treated with the different instruments showed a similar pattern (p > 0.05), but for R(t) and R(y), a significant difference was observed (p < 0.05) among hand instrumentation and ultrasonic devices. SEM analysis revealed a similar root surface pattern for the ultrasonic devices, but curettes showed many instrumental scratches, deep gouges, and a relatively large amount of dentin was removed. Within the limits of the study, although the instruments produced similar results, root surfaces instrumentated with curettes were rougher and had more root surface tissue removed than with the ultrasonic device.

Clinical manifestations and oral findings in Fraser syndrome.

This article is the first known case report of Fraser syndrome in the dental literature. Its purpose was to present the clinical manifestations, oral findings, and dental treatment of a 14-year, 10-month-old female patient. Fraser syndrome is a rare recessive autosomal genetic disorder characterized by multisystemic malformation, usually comprising cryptophthalmos, syndactyly, and renal defects. The child presented with: (1) hydrocephaly; (2) face asymmetry; (3) low-inserted ears; (4) flat nose bridge; (5) cryptophthalmos; (6) bilateral absence of eyeballs; (7) hypertelorism; (8) syndactyly on the left fingers and toes; (9) skeletal defects; and (10) lower limb asymmetry. The intraoral examination revealed: (1) complete primary denture; (2) malocclusion; (3) tooth crowding; (4) ogival palate; (5) normal labial frena; (6) absence of lingual frenum (not compromising the tongue movements); (7) parched lips; (8) supragingival calculus adhered to all tooth surfaces; and (9) moderate gingivitis. The dental treatment consisted of periodic monitoring of the patient's oral health status and supragingival scaling associated with topical applications of 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate gel at 2-week intervals to reduce gingivitis.