Fauchard y Black: dos cierres / Fauchard and Black: two closures

Se relata el cierre de dos prestigiosas instituciones dentales: una en EE.UU. y la otra en Francia. La de EE.UU., con el nombre del padre de la operatoria dental. La de Francia, con el del padre de la odontología moderna.

Longing for modern composite materials in the late 1800s.

Restoring teeth in the late 1800s required ingenuity and creativity, as the materials available were a far cry from is presently used. Likewise, restorative preparation designs had not yet been promulgated by GV Black. Concerns about both restorations that contracted due to the nature of the filling material and retention of sound tooth structure in favor of cutting away dentin and enamel in order to place "metal caps" were held by many dentists. While some dental professionals had a vision for the ideal restorative materials, they made do with what they had in an attempt to provide quality dentistry.

Extension for prevention: margin placement.

This article will review the concept of extension for prevention popularized by G.V. Black around the early 1900s. Concepts of extension and prevention have changed over the years with a more informed knowledge of the caries process, improved materials, cutting instruments, and techniques. The reasons for placement of the outline form relative to the tooth morphology, gingival tissue, relationship to adjacent teeth, and the choice of material will be described for all of the materials used in restorative dentistry. Research will be cited to support the scientific basis for outline form placement.

[Cavity preparation and restorative therapy in articles, published by the Fogorvosi Szemle in the last hundred years]. / Az üregalakítás és a tömésterápia 100 éve a Fogorvosi Szemle publikációinak tükrében.

The aim of this review is to overview the development achieved in restorative therapy based on the publications in Fogorvosi Szemle during the past hundred years. The top quality of the restorative therapy was, and still has been the inlay, but nowadays the esthetic inlay -- fixed with adhesive material -- has priority over the gold inlay. The quality of amalgam fillings has been recently improved by using high-copper containing amalgam alloys. The development on the field of adhesive material and methods made it possible to give up the routine use of any conventional base material. The place of gingival wall of the cavity moved from subgingival position into supragingival position. The macro retention has been replaced by micro retention, and nowadays the cavity preparation prefers minimal-invasive techniques.

Revisión de los principios de preparación de cavidades: extensión por prevención o prevención de la extensión / A review of the cavity preparation principles: extension for prevention of prevention of the extension

Aún cuando los avances en la odontología restauradora han marcado una reducción significativa en el tamaño de las restauraciones, prevalece en sí la aplicación científica de los principios de preparación de la cavidad. El concepto de extensión por prevención ha marcado toda una era, a través de más de un siglo en relación con la necesidad de aplicar principios preventivos en la odontología restauradora. La aceptación de la idea, de hacer que desde la preparación de la cavidad de una restauración, se pudiera evitar la presencia de nuevas lesiones de caries, ha estado vigente; y es justo reconocer, que sigue siendo una parte imprescindible de la odontología restauradora preventiva actual.

Greene V. Black and "extension for prevention".

This study is an attempt to intervene in the contemporary debate on the interpretation of Greene V. Black's well known principle of "extension for prevention." It is possible to discern two, divergent strains within Black's thought: he contends that his principle should have universal application, at the same time as he seeks to limit its application. The conflict between these two positions may be resolved by arguing that Black's comments are directed at different audiences: Black does not actually believe that extension for prevention should be universally applied, but reserves the judgment not to extend to only the most experienced operators. The remainder, the majority of operators, should behave as if it were a universal principle.

Las mutilaciones dentarias en Mesoamérica / Tooth mutilations in Mesoamerica

El presente trabajo se circunscribe al análisis documental sobre los datos e información obtenidos a partir de muestras dentales correspondientes a las épocas, particularmente al período prehispánico. En las dentaduras completas con mutilaciones dentarias puede observarse que fueron concebidas simétricamente. Los casos asimétricos deben considerarse como incompletos en el sentido de que ciertas imperfecciones en el proceso de limado o de incrustación provocaron trastornos bucales. En los ejemplares de cráneos fragmentados del Museo Nacional de Antropología, son evidentes las perforaciones en los huesos maxilares. En radiografías dentales se aprecian huellas de quistes radiculares, granulomas y grandes zonas de osteólisis, como resultado de haberse lesionado la pulpa, probablemente durante el proceso de corte. Estos hallazgos han permitido valorar los procedimientos técnicos empleados en trabajos dentales por nuestros antepasados, lo que contribuye a la profundización de los conocimientos sobre los antecedentes históricos de la disciplina odontológica

James Beall Morrison: the visionary who revolutionized the practice of dentistry.

BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW: For centuries, dental patients sat on makeshift contraptions or modified straight-backed chairs, which took a toll on the health of both patient and dentist. In addition, the lack of a suitable drill retarded the development of restorative dentistry, allowing minimum care for only a tiny segment of the population. One farseeing American dentist, James Beall Morrison, changed all that in the 1870s with his innovative, fully adjustable chair, which made sitdown dentistry possible. Moreover, his monumental invention of the foot-powered drill allowed dentists to place restorations that were theretofore impossible. Dentists the world over became able to treat patients more comfortably and satisfactorily, and with less stress to themselves. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: A newly discovered collection of letters in the Smithsonian Institution to Morrison from colleagues in London provides insight into how collaboration between inventor and user helped bring about great changes in the way dentistry is practiced. These letters also shed light on what dentistry was like one and one-quarter centuries ago, how far dentistry has come and what changes may be forthcoming.

C. Edmund Kells (1856-1928).

Dr. C. Edmund Kells, a dentist practicing in the deep South became a pioneer in the profession of dentistry and medicine with his numerous inventions and publications. His most significant invention was the surgical aspirator for dental and medical surgery, still utilized today. Kells was also one of the first dentists to hire a female dental assistant and the first to expose a dental radiograph in the United States. Although controversial at times, he fought for his convictions and beliefs in the advancement of dentistry. Kell's theories on conservative cavity preparation and 'saving' pulpless teeth are scientifically validated almost one century later. Because of Kells persistence, dental professionals today continue to benefit from his inventions and procedures.

¿Es actualmente la extensión por prevención un concepto válido? / Is currently the extension for prevention a valid concept?

Se analizan y discuten los diferentes conceptos de extensión por prevención de la preparación que se han desarrollado desde 1881 hasta 1999. La introducción de nuevos conocimientos en diversas áreas de la odontología hicieron que los postulados de Black en ese particular se cuestinaran tanto en la enseñanza como en la práctica clínica

Cavidades de classe I para amálgama de prata: desenvolvimento histórico - conceitos - técnica de preparo - técnica de restauração / Class I cavities for solver analgon: historic development concepts preparation techniques restauration techniques

O presente trabalho mostra os diversos procedimentos de diferentes autores para o tratamento da Lesão Cariosa de Classe I. Além disso, descreve uma técnica de preparo e restauração com Amálgama de Prata para esse tipo de lesão

Endodontics 1776-1976: a bicentennial history against the background of general dentistry.

During 200 years of progress in endodontics, various sciences have contributed to our understanding of the physiology and pathology of the dental pulp. Early treatment included cauterization of the pulp, the use of poultices or leeches, and tooth transplantation or replantation. Various methods of pulp devitalization are reviewed. Near the turn of the century, the discovery of X rays made diagnosis more accurate and the discovery of local anesthetics eliminated pain during endodontic treatment. Although the focal infection theory slowed the acceptance of endodontic treatment in this century, the biomechanical concept of treatment and research have recently opened new avenues for treatment and have initiated improvements in medicaments and filling materials.