Trends in Dental Implant Use in the U.S., 1999-2016, and Projections to 2026.

Dental implants have become an increasingly popular treatment choice for replacing missing teeth. Yet, little is known about the prevalence and sociodemographic distribution of dental implant use in the United States. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed data from 7 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1999 to 2016. We estimated dental implant prevalence among adults missing any teeth for each survey period overall as stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. We calculated absolute and relative differences from 1999-2000 to 2015-2016 and fit logistic regression models to estimate changes over time. We also used multivariable logistic regression to estimate independent associations of sociodemographic covariates with the presence of any implant. We projected the proportion of patients treated with dental implants into the year 2026 under varying assumptions of how the temporal trend would continue. There has been a large increase in the prevalence of dental implants, from 0.7% in 1999 to 2000 to 5.7% in 2015 to 2016. The largest absolute increase in prevalence (12.9%) was among individuals 65 to 74 y old, whereas the largest relative increase was ~1,000% among those 55 to 64 y old. There was an average covariate-adjusted increase in dental implant prevalence of 14% per year (95% CI, 11% to 18%). Having private insurance (vs. none or public insurance) or more than a high school education (vs. high school or less) was each associated with a 2-fold increase in prevalence, with an almost 13-fold (95% CI, 8 to21) increase for older adults. Dental implant prevalence projected to 2026 ranged from 5.7% in the most conservative scenario to 23% in the least. This study demonstrates that dental implant prevalence among US adults with missing teeth has substantially increased since 1999. Yet access overall is still very low, and prevalence was consistently higher among more advantaged groups.

Dental Implants: The Last 100 Years.

The present article on the history of dental implants spans beyond the past 100 years of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. It was not until the materials and methods became less traumatic to the bone that implants could become firmly attached to the surrounding bone. This phenomenon is now used to replace single and multiple teeth and restore the patient to function and well-being. Many of the methods used to increase denture function are still used with modifications to augment the environment for an implant. These technological changes have allowed patients to be treated efficiently, with the same need for a good treatment plan and physical evaluation by the clinician.

Mondani intraoral welding: historical process and main practical applications.

The intraoral welder was invented by Dr. Pierluigi Mondani during the early 70’s to weld titanium needle implants to a titanium bar in patient’s mouth and to load them immediately by means of resin prosthesis. The clinical use documented dates back to 1972. Over the years, many practical applications have been added to the initial one, which have expanded the use of this device. In this scientific work, main applications are described. The aim of the work was to trace the historical process of intra-oral welding according to Mondani and describe the main practical applications. Intra-oral welding is a process introduced by dr. Pier Luigi Mondani of Genova (Italy) which allows to firmly conjoin titanium implants of any shape by means of a titanium bar or also directly between them in the mouth during surgery. The immediate stabilization achieved by intraoral welding increases implants success rate, allows immediate loading even in situations of bone atrophy, saves implants that are running into failure, re-evaluates fractured implants, allows to stabilize submerged implants postponing prosthesis management, allows to achieve efficient rehabilitation protocols to deal with difficult cases. The 40-years’ experience with intra-oral welding described in this article, confirms the ease of use and efficiency in providing immediate stabilization of titanium implants of all types.

A history of calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4) and their biomedical applications.

The historical development of a scientific knowledge on calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4) from 1770-s till 1950 is described. Many forgotten and poorly known historical facts and approaches have been extracted from old publications and then they have been analyzed, systematized and reconsidered from the modern point of view. The chosen time scale starts with the earliest available studies of 1770-s (to the best of my findings, CaPO4 had been unknown before), passes through the entire 19th century and finishes in 1950, because since then the amount of publications on CaPO4 rapidly increases and the subject becomes too broad. Furthermore, since publications of the second half of the 20th century are easily accessible, the substantial amount of them has been already reviewed by other researchers. The reported historical findings clearly demonstrate that the substantial amount of the scientific facts and experimental approaches has been known for very many decades and, in fact, the considerable quantity of relatively recent investigations on CaPO4 is just either a further development of the earlier studies or a rediscovery of the already forgotten knowledge.

Modern implant dentistry based on osseointegration: 50 years of progress, current trends and open questions.

In the 1960s and 1970s, implant-supported prostheses based on subperiosteal or blade implants had a poor reputation because of questionable clinical outcomes and lack of scientific documentation. The change to a scientifically sound discipline was initiated by the two scientific pioneers of modern implant dentistry, Professor P. I. Brånemark from the University of Gothenburg in Sweden and Professor André Schroeder from the University of Bern in Switzerland. Together with their teams, and independently of each other, they laid the foundation for the most significant development and paradigm shift in dental medicine. The present volume of Periodontology 2000 celebrates 50 years of osseointegration. It reviews the progress of implant therapy over the past 50 years, including the basics of implant surgery required to achieve osseointegration on a predictable basis and evolving innovations. The development of bone-augmentation techniques, such as guided bone regeneration and sinus floor elevation, to correct local bone defects at potential implant sites has increased the indications for implant therapy. The paradigm shift to moderately rough implant surfaces resulted in faster and enhanced bone integration and led to improvements in various treatment protocols, such as immediate and early implant placement in postextraction sites, and made various loading protocols possible, including immediate and early implant loading. In the past 15 years, preoperative analysis and presurgical planning improved as a result of the introduction of three-dimensional imaging techniques. Hereby, cone-beam computed tomography offers better image quality with reduced radiation exposure, when compared with dental computed tomography. This opened the door for digital planning and surgical modifications. Over the last 50 years this evolution has facilitated tremendous progress in esthetic outcomes with implant-supported prostheses and improved patient-centered outcomes. This volume of Periodontology 2000 also discusses the current trends and open questions of implant dentistry, such as the potential of digital implant dentistry in the surgical and prosthetic field, the trend for an increasing average age of implant patients and the related adaptations of treatment protocols, and the second attempt to establish ceramic implants using, this time, zirconia as the implant material. Finally, some of the hottest controversies are discussed, such as recent suggestions on bone integration being a potential foreign-body reaction and the evidence-based appraisal of the peri-implantitis debate.

H-classic: a new method to identify classic articles in Implant Dentistry, Periodontics, and Oral Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: The study of classic papers permits analysis of the past, present, and future of a specific area of knowledge. This type of analysis is becoming more frequent and more sophisticated. Our objective was to use the H-classics method, based on the h-index, to analyze classic papers in Implant Dentistry, Periodontics, and Oral Surgery (ID, P, and OS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: First, an electronic search of documents related to ID, P, and OS was conducted in journals indexed in Journal Citation Reports (JCR) 2014 within the category 'Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine'. Second, Web of Knowledge databases were searched using Mesh terms related to ID, P, and OS. Finally, the H-classics method was applied to select the classic articles in these disciplines, collecting data on associated research areas, document type, country, institutions, and authors. RESULTS: Of 267,611 documents related to ID, P, and OS retrieved from JCR journals (2014), 248 were selected as H-classics. They were published in 35 journals between 1953 and 2009, most frequently in the Journal of Clinical Periodontology (18.95%), the Journal of Periodontology (18.54%), International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants (9.27%), and Clinical Oral Implant Research (6.04%). These classic articles derived from the USA in 49.59% of cases and from Europe in 47.58%, while the most frequent host institution was the University of Gothenburg (17.74%) and the most frequent authors were J. Lindhe (10.48%) and S. Socransky (8.06%). CONCLUSION: The H-classics approach offers an objective method to identify core knowledge in clinical disciplines such as ID, P, and OS.

Fifty Years of Dental Implant Development: a Continuous Evolution.

Since their conception in the 1960s, dental implants have evolved into a predictable solution for replacing missing teeth. Many of these advances have come from an improved understanding of osseointegration and material sciences, most notably recognising the inherent biocompatibility of titanium. This has allowed researchers and clinicians to focus upon achieving better functional and aesthetic outcomes. This paper describes the evolution from the original concepts to current practice in dental implantology and considers some of the challenges to success facing clinicians and patients today.

Bone grafting: history, rationale, and selection of materials and techniques.

In the 100-year history of bone replacement in the human body for different purposes, a wide variety of surgical approaches and materials have been used. The techniques and materials selected significantly affect the outcome of bone replacement procedures in terms of bone formation volume and the quality and amount of vital bone. The choices facing the dental surgeon at the time of extraction, ridge augmentation, or sinus graft are wide-ranging. When choosing a bone graft material the surgeon should consider its ultimate effect on healing patterns in and around the alveolar bone at the endpoint of the procedure. As this article concludes, a better understanding of the materials and the results that can be predictably achieved with them can be valuable to the appropriately trained surgeon when preparing for these procedures.

Historia de la implantología y la oseointegración, antes y después de Branemark / History of the implantology and osseointegration, before and aft er Branemark

En 1911 los traumatólogos inmovilizaban fracturas óseas con dispositivos de acero inoxidable con contenido férrico, teniendo como secuela la corrosión. En 1932 el Vitallium, una aleación exenta de hierro, fue considerada ideal, no corrosiva y biocompatible para estos fines. En 1940 un estudio en fémur de gatos comparó la corrosión del vitallium (gold est ndar) respecto a otros metales, entre ellos el titanio. Histológica y radiográficamente el titanio produjo menos efecto inflamatorio y corrosivo comparado al vitallium. Este estudio describe la característica inédita del titanio de “soldarse” al hueso. En 1951 se probaron tornillos experimentales de titanio en fémur de ratas, los cuales se “soldaron” al hueso, la conclusi¢n fue que estos estaban en desventaja respecto a los de acero quirúrgico, ya que debían retirarse fácilmente para evitar secuelas. En 1959 Branemark estudiando la reparación ósea mediante microscopia vital, implantó en el peron‚ de conejos, dispositivos transóseos de titanio, consciente de su biocompatibilidad. Al intentar retirar estos dispositivos, le impresionó la intensidad de la unión hueso-titanio nombrando a esta característica como óseo integracó¢n. Aplicó esta característica única para estabilizar dentaduras postizas, experimentando en mandíbulas de perros. En 1965 implantó dispositivos de titanio exitosamente en una mandíbula humana. Patentó su sistema de implantes dentales con la firma sueca Nobel Pharma

Since 1911 trauma bone fractures was immobilized with stainless appliances containing ferric, corrosion taking its wake. Since 1932 the Vitallium, iron exempt, was considered ideal, non-corrosive and biocompatible. In 1940, a study of corrosion on cat’s femur, compared vitallium (gold standard) to other metals, including titanium, never evaluated. Histologic and radio graphical y titanium produced less inflammatory and corrosive effect compared to vitallium. This study described the unprecedented feature of the titanium “welded” to the bone. In 1951 tested experimental titanium screws in the femur of rats, which are “welded” to the bone, the conclusion was that these were at a disadvantage compared to surgical steel, as it should be easily removed to prevent damage. Branemark in 1959 studying bone repair by vital microscopy, implanted in rabbit fi bulatitanium trans-osseous devices aware of their biocompatibility. When attempting to remove these devices, was impressed by the intensity of the bone-titanium welded. He named this feature osseointegration. Projected apply this unique feature to stabilize dentures, experiencing jaws of dogs, in 1965 successfully implanted titanium abutments in a human mandible. Patented his dental implant system with Swedish firm Nobel pharma.

Editorial: dossier temático cirugía oraly maxilofacial e implantes / Editorial: thematic dossier oral and maxillofacial surgery and implants

Desde su reconocimiento oficial como especialidad en 1956, la cirugíaoral y maxilofacial ha ido evolucionando a la par con el conocimiento de las bases biológicas y el desarrollo de métodos, tecnologías y materialesde tratamiento para las diferentes condiciones que afectan elcomplejo craneomaxilar. La cirugía oral y maxilofacial es la especialidadde la odontología que se encarga del estudio integral de la cara, lacavidad bucal y las estructuras de la cabeza y el cuello. Dicho estudioabarca el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de anomalías y deformidadescongénitas y del desarrollo, trauma, infecciones, patologías y estéticafacial. Desde un principio, la cirugía oral y maxilofacial ha trabajadoen la búsqueda constante de estrategias terapéuticas para mejorarla calidad de vida de manera efectiva y asequible para la población...

Cronología de la erupción implantaria / Chronology of the implant eruption

El título ya de por sí tiene que resultarle al lector inmediatamente sospechoso, si no fuera así, sentiríamos desde el principio que no hemos sido capaces de trasmitir nuestro todavía hoy por hoy irrealizable proyecto de poderlo llevar a efecto con fines primero reales y en definitiva prácticos. La idea nos ha surgido quizás fundamentalmente de las películas de ciencia ficción más recientes y nos referimos sobre todo a aquellas que tratan sobre avatares y su entorno(AU)

The title in itself has to make the reader suspicious immediately, if it were not so, we would feel from the beginning that we still have been unable to transmit, at this moment in time, to be able to put an unfeasible project into effect, firstly with real aims and finally into practice. The idea has arisen, perhaps mainly due to more recent science fiction films and in particular those that are about Avatars and their environment(AU)