Mascarillas y máscaras de protección respiratoria en entorno COVID-19 / Surgical masks and respirators in COVID-19 environment

Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19, es una enfermedad respiratoria causada por un coronavirus, el SARS-CoV-2. La ruta de trasmisión es a través de gotas y salpicaduras procedentes del tracto aerodigestivo de personas infectadas, así como por el contacto con superficies contaminadas y la posterior deposición en la mucosa de los ojos, nariz o boca, siendo probable su transmisión por aerosoles. Por otra parte, el trabajo dental no permite mantener una distancia de 2 metros, ni el uso por parte del paciente de mascarilla. Por esta razón, dentro del esquema de Equipos de Protección Individual (EPI), la protección respiratoria es fundamental, junto con la ocular, y con ello la selección de la mascarilla y, sobre todo, el uso que se haga de ella. La razón del presente artículo es describir los diferentes tipos de mascarillas y el uso apropiado de cada una de ellas según el objetivo buscado. Para ello, se recomendarán las mascarillas higiénicas y las quirúrgicas en usuarios generales, con la función de disminuir la trasmisión viral por medio de la minoración de la contaminación ambiental cuando es alta la trasmisión comunitaria. Las máscaras de protección respiratoria estarán indica-das en trabajadores sanitarios y otros en contacto con pacientes potencialmente infecciosos, al menos cuando los procedimientos de trabajo impliquen un riesgo elevado para el profesional

COVID-19 is a respiratory illness caused by a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The virus spreads through droplets and spray from the respiratory tracts of infected persons, and through contact with contaminated surfaces followed by touching the eyes, nose or mouth. It is also likely that the virus can be spread through aerosols. However, dentistry does not allow for a distance of two metres to be maintained, and nor does it allow for the patient to wear a mask. As such, within the scope of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), respiratory protection is of fundamental importance, along with eye protection and the correct usage of available masks. The purpose of this article is to describe different types of masks and the appropriate use of each one according to the required need. To this end, it is recommended that hygienic and surgical masks are used with a view to decreasing viral transmission through the reduction of environmental contamination whilst community transmission is high. Respiratory protection masks will be shown on health workers and others who are in contact with potentially infectious patients, when the work involved brings with it an increased level of risk for the worker

Prestação de serviços odontológicos em instituições federais públicas de ensino superior e a integração com a rede de atenção à saúde / Provision of dental services in public dental schools and integration with the health care network

O estudo objetivou analisar os serviços prestados pelas Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES) com curso de graduação em Odontologia no sul do Brasil, compreendendo a maneira como se organizam e a integração com a Rede de Atenção à Saúde (RAS). Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e analítico, de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando técnicas de observação, análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas no período de junho a outubro de 2014. A plena integração das clínicas odontológicas das IFES com a RAS ainda é um desafio a ser superado, o que vem comprometendo a efetivação dos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde no atendimento odontológico dos pacientes e repercutindo na formação profissional em Odontologia. Faz-se necessário consolidar a relação das IFES com o sistema público de saúde para que as clínicas odontológicas possam, como um ponto de atenção, efetivamente fazer parte da RAS (AU).

The purpose of this study was to analyze the services provided by federal public dental schools (DS) in southern Brazil, particularly the organization and the integration with the Health Care Network (HCN). This is an exploratory, descriptive and analytical study with a qualitative approach using observation techniques, documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews, carried out from June to October 2014. The full integration of the dental services with the HCN is still a challenge to be overcome, which has compromised the effectiveness of the national health system principles and has consequences on professional training in dentistry. It is necessary to consolidate the relationship of the DS with the public health system so that dental services provided by DS can, effectively, be part of the HCN (AU).

Buscando aliados en la Odontología / Seeking allies in odontology

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Questionnaire for measuring organisational attributes in dental-care practices: psychometric properties and test-retest reliability.

BACKGROUND: The consideration of organisational aspects, such as shared goals and clear communication, within the health care team is important to ensure good quality care. In primary health care, the instrument Survey of Organizational Attributes for Primary Care (SOAPC) is available to measure organisational attributes of care. However, there is no instrument available for dental care. The aim of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties and test-retest reliability of the version of SOAPC adapted for dental care, namely the Survey of Organizational Attributes in Dental Care (SOADC). METHODS: The SOADC consists of 21 items in the following four subscales: communication; decision making; stress/chaos; and history of change. Convergent construct validity was measured using the job satisfaction scale. A total of 287 dental-care practices were asked to participate in the validation study. Psychometric properties and test-retest reliability were observed. RESULTS: A total of 43 dental-care practices responded to the survey. At baseline, 178 dental-care staff completed the questionnaire, and 4 weeks later 138 did so. Internal consistency, measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.718 or higher in the subscales. The test-retest reliability for each subscale and the overall SOADC score demonstrated good correlations over the 4-week test-retest interval, except for 'history of change'. A strong correlation with the aggregated job-satisfaction scale showed high convergent construct validity of SOADC. CONCLUSIONS: The consideration of organisational aspects from the perspective of dental-care teams is important for providing good quality of care. The SOADC is a reliable instrument with good psychometric properties and is suitable for the evaluation of organisational attributes in dental-care practices.

Coerência entre editais de concurso público para professores e Diretrizes Curriculares dos cursos de Odontologia / Consistency between public position announcements for teachers and Curricular Guidelines for Dentistry courses

O presente estudo tem como objetivo traçar o perfil dos editais para seleção de professores de cursos de Odontologia em instituições públicas e analisar a coerência entre esses processos seletivos com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida utilizando os editais de concurso de universidades públicas no período de 2009 a 2014, com conceito 5 no Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes (ENADE). Os resultados demonstram que a maioria dos processos seletivos é desenvolvida em quatro etapas: prova escrita, prova didática, defesa de memorial e análise de currículo. O perfil do processo seletivo encontrado remete à repetição de modelos tradicionais de ensino, com excessiva valorização da especialidade e fragmentação dos conhecimentos em disciplinas, não demonstrando coerência entre o que se recomenda nas DCN e os editais analisados nesse estudo. Para que o perfil dos egressos esteja em consonância com o preconizado pelas DCN, um desafio a ser enfrentado é pensar maneiras de reformular o processo seletivo para professores de Odontologia, assim como investir em processos de desenvolvimento docente permanente (AU).

The present study aims to draw the profile of position announcements for selecting Dental School teachers in federal public institutions and to analyze the consistency between these selective processes and Brazilian National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN). The research was conducted using data from schools that reached grade 5 in National Exam of Student Performance (ENADE) in the 2009-2014 assessment. The results showed that most selection processes are developed in four stages: written test, teaching test, memorial and curriculum analysis. The profile of the selective process found repeats the traditional teaching models, with excessive fragmentation of knowledge and specialization into disciplines. The position announcements are not consistent with the DCN's recommendations. A challenge to be faced in order to reach the graduates profile in line with DCN is to reshape the selection process for dental teachers, as well as invest in permanent teacher development processes (AU).